11. C2 JUN 06 Q3
Classify the type of reaction occurring below.
CH₂CH₂CHCH₂OH
CH,
→CH₂CH₂C=CH₂ + H₂O
CH,
12.a) Draw the displayed formula, and name the ester formed when ethanoic acid reacts with propan-1-ol
in the presence of a suitable catalyst.
Name:
b) State the name of a suitable catalyst for this reaction.
[1]
24
...[2]
..[1]

Answer:

900000 joules (J).

Explanation:

The work done by a force on an object is given by the product of the force and the displacement of the object in the direction of the force. In this case, the force exerted by the tractor is 600 N, and the displacement of the wagon is 1500 m in the direction of the force.

Therefore, the work done by the tractor on the wagon is:

work = force x displacement x cos(theta)

where theta is the angle between the force and the displacement vectors. Since the force and displacement are in the same direction, theta is 0 degrees, and cos(theta) is equal to 1.

So, the work done by the tractor is:

work = 600 N x 1500 m x 1

= 900000 J

Therefore, the work done by the tractor on the wagon is 900000 joules (J).

Answer:

Catholics believe prayer is important for several reasons. Firstly, prayer is a means of communicating with God and building a personal relationship with Him. Through prayer, Catholics seek guidance, forgiveness, and strength to face life's challenges. They believe that prayer can bring peace of mind, reduce anxiety, and provide comfort during difficult times.

Secondly, prayer is considered a powerful spiritual weapon that can change the course of events, and it is a way to participate in the work of God. Catholics practice different types of prayers, including adoration, confession, thanksgiving, and supplication. Adoration involves praising God for his goodness and greatness. Confession is acknowledging one's sins and asking for forgiveness. Thanksgiving is expressing gratitude for blessings and gifts. Supplication is asking for help or interceding for others. Catholics also practice contemplative prayer, which is a silent form of prayer where one seeks to connect with God through meditation and listening. Overall, for Catholics, prayer is a fundamental practice of their faith, and it helps them to live a more fulfilling and meaningful life.

Explanation:

Answer:

Jeniah's calculation of the molar mass of hydrogen peroxide is correct.

Explanation:

Here is a step-by-step explanation of how she arrived at the answer:

In this case, the molar mass of hydrogen peroxide that Jeniah calculated is 18 grams per mole, which is the correct molar mass for this compound. This means that if Jeniah uses this amount of hydrogen peroxide, she will have the correct amount of the compound needed for her experiment. However, it's important to note that in addition to knowing the amount of a substance needed for an experiment, it's also important to handle the substance safely and follow all necessary precautions to avoid accidents or harm.

The correct expression for the equilibrium constant for Reaction 3 is:

K3 = ([HOCl]^2)/[OCl-][H2O].

To obtain the expression for the equilibrium constant (K3) for Reaction 3, we can use the equilibrium constants for Reactions 1 and 2, and apply the principle of chemical equilibrium:

K3 = ([HOCl][OH-])/([OCl-][OH-])

We can substitute [OH-] from Reaction 2 into the equation above, which gives:

K3 = ([HOCl][H3O+])/([OCl-][H2O])

To get rid of [H3O+] in the expression, we can use Reaction 1 and substitute [H3O+] with the product of [OCl-] and [HOCl]/[HOCl], which gives:

K3 = ([HOCl][OCl-][HOCl])/([OCl-][H2O][HOCl])

Simplifying this expression, we get:

K3 = ([HOCl]^2)/[OCl-][H2O]

Therefore, the correct expression for the equilibrium constant for Reaction 3 is K3 = ([HOCl]^2)/[OCl-][H2O].

What is an equilibrium constant?

An equilibrium constant (K) is a value that describes the relative amounts of products and reactants present in a chemical reaction at equilibrium, under a given set of conditions (such as temperature, pressure, and concentration) in the balanced chemical equation.

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The pH of the buffer from part an is 4.33 after 0.150 mol of HCl is added.The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation can be solved by substituting these values: pH = 10.73 + log(3.95) = 4.33.

The buffer has a pH of 4.58 and a buffer capacity of 0.038 M, as shown in part a. The weak base in the buffer (CH3NH2) interacts with 0.150 mol of HCl to create its conjugate acid (CH3NH3+), as shown by the equation: CH3NH2 + HCl CH3NH3+ + Cl-

The buffer is entirely depleted since the amount of HCl injected exceeds its capacity. The excess HCl content determines the pH of the resulting acidi= -log(0.150) -log(-log[H3O+] = 1.823

This number, however, does not account for the buffer's starting pH.

We must take into account both the contribution of the H3O+ ions and the CH3NH3+ ions in solution in order to get the final pH. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation can be applied:

pH equals pKa plus log([A-]/[HA])

CH3NH2 has a pKa of 10.73. The amount of CH3NH2 transformed into CH3NH3+ and the amount of HCl added are equal at the equivalence point. Hence, 0.150/0.038 = 3.95 is the value for the [A-]/[HA] ratio.

The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation can be solved by substituting these values: pH = 10.73 + log(3.95) = 4.33.As a result, 4.33 is the final pH after adding 0.150 mol of HCl.c solution. H3O+ ions are created when the extra HCl combines with water.

The ultimate H3O+ concentration is 0.150 M since 0.150 mol of HCl were added to the buffer solution at 0.038 M. Thus, the following formula can be used to determine pH:

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Concept attainment quizzes are designed to assess students' understanding of a particular concept or idea.

These quizzes typically present a series of examples, some of which demonstrate the concept being assessed and others that do not. The student's task is to identify which examples are related to the concept and which are not. This type of quiz can be used to assess understanding of a range of topics, including math, science, social studies, and language arts.

To prepare for a concept attainment quiz, it is important for students to review the key characteristics or attributes of the concept being assessed. They should also familiarize themselves with examples that demonstrate the concept and be able to distinguish between examples that are related and those that are not. Practice quizzes or activities can be helpful in developing these skills.

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Answer: B. Yes, CrPO4 will precipitate. In the given reaction: K3PO4 + Cr(NO3)3 → 3 KNO3 + CrPO4A precipitate is formed when two aqueous solutions are mixed that resulting in the formation of an insoluble compound.

The insoluble compound is called a precipitate. In the given reaction, K3PO4 and Cr(NO3)3 are the reactants. On mixing the two reactants, we can see that there are no common ions present in the reactants that could result in the formation of an insoluble compound. So, no precipitate is formed.

Based on solubility rules, CrPO4 is an insoluble compound. When K3PO4 reacts with Cr(NO3)3, it forms CrPO4. So, the precipitate that is formed is CrPO4. Hence, the correct option is B. Yes, CrPO4 will precipitate.

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The phrases that applied to molecular compounds are often gases and liquids, which have low melting points and and use covalent bonding. So. options (b), (c) and (e) are correct.

Molecular compounds are defined as the chemical compounds that take the form of discrete molecules. The molecular compounds are very different from ionic compounds like sodium chloride. These compounds are held together by covalent bonds. Molecular compounds are usually gases and liquids at room temperature due to their low melting and boiling points. Some molecular compounds are solids at room temperature but they tend to be soft and flexible. The boiling points of these compounds are also low due to weak intermolecular forces because it does not take that much energy to separate and vaporize the molecular molecules.

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a. There is no functional group in 2-methylhexane as it is an alkane.

b. The longest chain in 2-methylhexane is a six-carbon chain.

c. The branched group is the methyl group (-CH3), which is attached to the second carbon atom of the longest chain.

d. The full name of the compound is 2-methylhexane.

A functional group is a specific group of atoms that give a molecule its characteristic chemical and physical properties and reactivity. Functional groups are responsible for the chemical behavior of a molecule and determine its chemical and physical properties, such as boiling point, melting point, solubility, acidity or basicity, and its chemical reactivity.

Functional groups are typically composed of a small number of atoms that are usually bound to a carbon atom or another element, such as nitrogen or oxygen. Some examples of common functional groups include hydroxyl (-OH), carbonyl (>C=O), amino (-NH2), carboxyl (-COOH), and phosphate (-PO4). The presence or absence of functional groups in a molecule plays a crucial role in determining its biological, chemical, and physical properties.

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The mass of 1 mole of solute dissolved to make the solution will be 40 g/mol (mass of 1 mole of solute).

To determine the mass of 1 mole of solute, we can use the molar mass of the solute. The formula for molar mass is:
Molar Mass = Mass of Solute ÷ Number of Moles

Let's use this formula to solve the problem:
Mass of Solute = 20 grams
Volume of Solution = 500 mL = 0.5 L
Concentration of Solution = 1 M
Number of Moles of Solute = Concentration × Volume = 1 M × 0.5 L = 0.5 mol

Now, we can use the molar mass formula to calculate the mass of 1 mole of solute:
Molar Mass = Mass of Solute ÷ Number of Moles
Molar Mass = 20 grams ÷ 0.5 mol
Molar Mass = 40 grams/mol

Therefore, the mass of 1 mole of solute is 40 grams.

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d) The burette must be placed about a half inch above the bottom of the beaker to maximize the current because this will allow enough space for the hydrogen gas produced to escape, allowing the reaction to continue.

Cell potential, or voltage, is determined by the difference in charge between the inside of a cell and the outside of a cell. Positively charged molecules in a cell, such as sodium and potassium ions, increase the positive charge inside the cell. Negative molecules, such as chloride ions, decrease the positive charge inside the cell, creating a negative potential.

a) Overall reaction: 2H⁺ (aq) + Cu (s) → Cu²⁺ (aq) + H₂ (g) Cell potential: -0.34 V

b) No, this reaction is not spontaneous because the cell potential is negative.

c) This reaction can be made to occur by providing an external source of electrical energy, such as a battery, to drive the reaction.

e) The copper electrodes should be cleaned with steel wool, sandpaper or a wire brush. It is important to use clean copper electrodes in this experiment to ensure that the reaction proceeds efficiently and that the copper is correctly oxidized to form copper ions in solution.

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The following among the given five incorrectly shows the bond polarity: δ+Br—Brδ–.

A bond's polarity is determined by the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms in the bond. The covalent bond is non-polar if the atoms are similar and have identical electronegativities. A bond is polar if the atoms have a significant difference in electronegativities. A polar bond is a bond between two atoms with different electronegativities in which the electrons in the bond are not shared equally, resulting in unequal distribution of electrical charge.

The electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom in a polar covalent bond, resulting in a partial negative charge (δ-) on one end and a partial positive charge (δ+) on the other end.The polarity of bonds is represented by symbols δ+ and δ−, which represent the relative positive and negative electrical charges on the atoms, respectively.The correct bond polarity is δ+Br—Brδ–

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Given the below table of compounds and the type of bonding present in each of them. Compounds Bonding Br2 nonpolar covalent, MgF2 ionic, H2S polar covalent, MgO ionic, F2 nonpolar covalent, HF polar covalent, Ca3P2 Ionic, H2Se polar covalent.  

Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bond that occurs as a result of the attraction between oppositely charged ions. They are generally formed between metals and non-metals. They result in the formation of an ionic compound.

A polar covalent bond is a type of chemical bond in which electrons are shared unequally between two atoms. It generally occurs between two non-metals. It results in the formation of a polar molecule. A non-polar covalent bond is a type of chemical bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms. It generally occurs between two identical non-metals. It results in the formation of a non-polar molecule.

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22.15 g of C2H2 is required to react with 68.1 g of O2 to produce 75.0 g of CO2 and 15.35 g of H2O.

Amount of CO2 produced = 75.0 g

Amount of H2O produced = 15.35 g

From the chemical equation, we can see that 2 moles of C2H2 react with 5 moles of O2 to produce 4 moles of CO2 and 2 moles of H2O. Therefore, the mole ratio of C2H2 to O2 is 2:5.

We can use this ratio to calculate the amount of C2H2 required to react with 68.1 g of O2:

Amount of O2 = 68.1 g

Molar mass of O2 = 32.00 g/mol

Number of moles of O2 = [tex]\frac{amount}{molar mass} = \frac{68.1 g}{32.00 g/mol} =2.128 mol[/tex]

According to the mole ratio, the amount of C2H2 required is:

Number of moles of C2H2 = (2/5) x 2.128 mol = 0.8512 mol

Finally, we can convert the number of moles of C2H2 to grams:

Molar mass of C2H2 = 26.04 g/mol

Mass of C2H2 required = number of moles x molar mass

Mass of C2H2 required = = 0.8512 mol x 26.04 g/mol = 22.15 g.

A reaction is a process in which one or more substances, called reactants, undergo a transformation to produce one or more different substances, called products. The transformation involves the breaking and formation of chemical bonds, resulting in a change in the chemical composition and properties of the reactants. Reactions can be classified into several types based on their characteristics, such as the type of chemical bond broken or formed, the presence of energy changes, or the speed of the reaction.

Some common types of reactions include oxidation-reduction reactions, acid-base reactions, and precipitation reactions. Chemical reactions are described using chemical equations, which show the reactants on the left side and the products on the right side, separated by an arrow. The coefficients in the equation indicate the relative amounts of each substance involved in the reaction, and the equation must be balanced to ensure that the law of conservation of mass is obeyed.

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Adding the acid to water is the proper way to dilute chemicals. Begin by measuring the correct volume of acid in a graduated cylinder. Next, pour the acid into a beaker containing the correct volume of water. Finally, stir the solution until it is fully mixed.

Acids are strong chemical compounds. When working with acids, it is important to dilute them in the correct manner to prevent harm to oneself or the surrounding environment.

The correct method of dilution for acids is to add the acid to water, not the other way around. This is because adding water to acid can cause an exothermic reaction that releases heat and may cause the acid to splash and burn you.

When diluting acids, be sure to add the acid to water slowly and stir continuously to prevent splashing and heat generation. Therefore, the correct answer is to add the acid to water.

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Redox reactions include the transfer of electrons between reactants. In order to balance a redox reaction, both the mass and the charge must be conserved.

This is done by identifying the species that are oxidized and reduced, and then adding electrons and adjusting coefficients as necessary to ensure that the number of electrons transferred is equal on both sides of the reaction.

In reaction (a), Al³⁺ is reduced to Al, which means it gains electrons. K is oxidized to K⁺, which means it loses electrons. To balance the reaction, we can add 3 electrons to the left side (to balance the reduction of Al³⁺) and adjust coefficients as follows:

Al³⁺ + 3K → Al + 3K⁺

Now, the number of electrons transferred is equal on both sides (3 on the left and 3 on the right), and the charge and mass are balanced.

In reaction (b), Sn⁴⁺ is reduced to Sn, which means it gains electrons. H₂ is oxidized to H⁺, which means it loses electrons. To balance the reaction, we can add 2 electrons to the left side (to balance the reduction of Sn⁴⁺) and adjust coefficients as follows:

Sn⁴⁺ + 2H₂ → Sn + 4H⁺

Now, the number of electrons transferred is equal on both sides (2 on the left and 2x2=4 on the right), and the charge and mass are balanced.

The final answer is:

a. 2Al³⁺ + 6K → 2Al + 6K⁺

b. Sn⁴⁺ + 2H⁺ + 2e⁻ → Sn²⁺ + H₂

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The pKb value of codeine (C₁₈H₂₁NO₃) is 5.80. This drug is a narcotic pain reliever that forms a salt with HCI and its pH is around 8.00.

The following equation is used: pKa + pKb = pKw

where, pKa is the acid dissociation constant and pKw is the self-ionization constant of water. pKa can be calculated as follows:

pKa = pKb + pKw - pH

Since the drug is a weak base, Kb (base dissociation constant) can be calculated as follows: Kb = Kw/Ka

Kb = 1.00 × 10⁻¹⁴/2.3 × 10⁻⁶

Kb = 4.35 × 10⁻⁹

The following equation can now be used to find the value of pH:

pKb + pKa = pKw

pH = pKw - pKb - pKa

pH = 14.00 - 5.36 - (-9.36)

pH = 8.00

Therefore, the pH of 0.036 M codeine hydrochloride is 8.00.

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The correct statements are as follows: "The scattered photon has less energy than the incident photon" and "The scattered photon has a longer wavelength than the incident photon."

"The scattered photon has greater energy than the incident photon": This statement is incorrect because, during the Compton scattering process, the scattered photon loses energy. As a result, its energy is less than the energy of the incident photon.

"The scattered photon has a shorter wavelength than the incident photon": This statement is incorrect because, during the Compton scattering process, the scattered photon has a longer wavelength than the incident photon.

The wavelength of the scattered photon is longer due to the loss of energy during the scattering process.

"The scattered photon has a longer wavelength than the incident photon": This statement is correct because, during the Compton scattering process, the scattered photon has a longer wavelength than the incident photon.

The wavelength of the scattered photon is longer due to the loss of energy during the scattering process.

"The scattered photon has less energy than the incident photon": This statement is correct because, during the Compton scattering process, the scattered photon loses energy.

As a result, its energy is less than the energy of the incident photon.

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Answer:

The new volume will be 1.61 L.

Explanation:

P₁V₁/P₂V₂

P₁=2.5atm

V₁=20L

P₂=31atm

V₂=?

20L(2.5atm)/31atm(V₂)

20*2.5/31(V₂)

V₂=1.61 L

The partial pressure of krypton in the mixture is 1.65 atm. This can be calculated using the ideal gas law. The ideal gas law states that the pressure of a gas (P) is equal to the number of moles (n) multiplied by the universal gas constant (R) multiplied by the temperature (T).

Using the given information, we can set up the equation:

Where x is the number of moles of krypton. Solving for x gives x = 0.073 moles of krypton. Finally, the partial pressure of krypton can be calculated by multiplying the number of moles of krypton (0.073) by the universal gas constant (0.0821) and temperature (273). This gives a partial pressure of krypton in the mixture of 1.65 atm.

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Answer:

C. Thunderstorms

Explanation:

It is formed when three components: unstable weather conditions, uprising cold air, and enough moisture are present in the area. Based on the criteria for thunderstorms to form, it is not related to the flow of thermal energy inside the Earth.

The chemical formula [tex]Al_2SiO_5[/tex] can form the three minerals, andalusite, kyanite, and sillimanite under different combinations of temperature and pressure conditions. Option D is correct.

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The molar mass of carbon is 12.0107 g/mol. Therefore, the mass of 2.000 moles of carbon is 24.0214 grams.

To calculate the mass of a substance, one must know the substance's quantity or amount (in moles) as well as its molar mass. The amount can be represented using the symbol n and is typically measured in moles (mol).The molar mass (M) is defined as the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in grams per mole (g/mol). The molar mass of carbon is 12.01 g/mol, so one mole of carbon weighs 12.01 grams.

To determine the mass of a certain number of moles of a substance, we can use the following formula:

mass = n x MM

where: mass = the mass of the substance (in grams)

n = the amount of the substance (in moles)

MM = the molar mass of the substance (in g/mol)

So, for carbon, if we have 2.000 moles of the element, the mass would be:

mass = 2.000 mol x 12.01 g/mol = 24.02 g

Therefore, the mass of 2.000 moles of carbon would be 24.02 g.

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The correct order of the elements will be Hydrogen, Helium, Neon, Oxygen, Carbon, Sulfur.

What is nuclear fusion?

A reaction known as nuclear fusion occurs when two or more atomic nuclei fuse to create new atomic and subatomic particles. Energy is released or absorbed depending on how much mass there is between the reactants and products.

The temperature inside a star fluctuates depending on the layers in which nuclear fusion reactions occur. In this problem, students are asked to sort the given elements in order of increasing temperature at which they burn in a nuclear fusion reaction.

To do so, it is necessary to determine the order in which the layers of the star are located. This can be accomplished by considering the temperature required for nuclear fusion to take place in each layer. The following is a list of elements arranged in order of increasing temperature required for nuclear fusion:

Hydrogen - Helium - Neon - Oxygen - Carbon - Sulfur.

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Answer:

overflow the top edge of the filter paper

Burning gasoline in an automobile engine is part of the carbon cycle as the gasoline contains carbon that is released into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, which is then taken up by plants during photosynthesis.

When gasoline is burned in an automobile engine, the carbon in the gasoline is converted into carbon dioxide gas, which is released into the atmosphere. This carbon dioxide then becomes available to plants during photosynthesis, where it is used to create organic compounds such as sugars and starches. This process is a part of the carbon cycle, which is the natural process by which carbon is cycled through the Earth's atmosphere, oceans, and land. The carbon cycle is essential for life on Earth, as it allows carbon to be used and reused by living organisms in a sustainable way.

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There are approximately 6.64 x 10^-22 moles of nitrogen in 4x10^2 particles.

Mole is an SI unit used to measure the amount of any substance.

To determine the number of moles of nitrogen in 4x10^2 particles, we need to use Avogadro's number, which is the number of particles in one mole of a substance. Avogadro's number is approximately 6.022 x 10^23 particles per mole.

We can use the following formula to calculate the number of moles:

moles = number of particles / Avogadro's number

moles of nitrogen = 4x10^2 particles / 6.022 x 10^23 particles per mole

moles of nitrogen = 6.64 x 10^-22 moles

Therefore, there are approximately 6.64 x 10^-22 moles of nitrogen in 4x10^2 particles.

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Thermal Energy is the total heat found on the inside of a sample of matter.

Heat is the flow of thermal energy from one location to another.

Temperature is the measure of average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter.

The equation Heat gained or lost = Specific Heat x Mass x Change in Temperature is used to calculate the amount of heat gained or lost by a substance when its temperature changes.

Heat gained or lost: This is the energy that is either absorbed or released by a substance as it undergoes a temperature change. The unit of heat is joule (J) in SI units or calorie (cal) in other systems.

Specific Heat: This is a measure of the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a given amount of a substance by one degree Celsius (or Kelvin). The unit of specific heat is J/g °C (or J/g K).

Mass: This refers to the amount of substance being heated or cooled, measured in grams (g).

Change in Temperature: This is the difference between the final and initial temperatures of the substance, measured in Celsius or Kelvin (°C or K).

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Part A: True.

Part B: False. Rinsing with water may not be enough to clean the buret completely.

Part C: False. Soapy water should not be used to clean a buret since it can leave residue.

Part D: False. After rinsing with water and soapy water solution, the buret should be rinsed with distilled water and dried before adding the titrating solution.

Part E: False. The buret should be rinsed with the titration solution only once before beginning a titration.

Titration is a laboratory procedure used to compare a solution's concentration to that of a reference solution with known concentration. It entails gradually mixing the standard solution into the sample solution up until the reaction is finished, which can be detected by a colour change or another quantifiable signal.

In many disciplines, including chemistry, medicine, and environmental research, titration is used. It can be used to quantify the quantity of a certain component in a sample, examine the concentration of acids and bases, and ascertain the purity of a substance.

Titration calls for exact volume and concentration measurements, as well as safe chemical handling and disposal. There are several different kinds of titration techniques, including complexometric, redox, and acid-base titration.

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The answer of the following following questions are PbO(s) + PbS(s) → 2Pb(l) + SO2(g) and  2PbS(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Pb(l) + 2SO2(g)

What is chemical reaction ?

A chemical reaction is a process in which one or more substances (reactants) are transformed into new substances (products) by the breaking and formation of chemical bonds. During a chemical reaction, the arrangement of atoms in the reactants is changed to form different molecules or compounds.

In a chemical reaction, the reactants are transformed into products through the rearrangement of atoms, but the total number of atoms remains the same. This is known as the law of conservation of mass, which states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.

(a)

Step 1: Roasting of galena in oxygen gas:

PbS(s) + 3O2(g) → PbO(s) + 2SO2(g)

Step 2: Heating the metal oxide with more galena:

PbO(s) + PbS(s) → 2Pb(l) + SO2(g)

(b) Overall balanced equation for the process:

2PbS(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Pb(l) + 2SO2(g)

Note: The state of the reactants and products has been indicated in the equations, with (s) representing a solid, (g) representing a gas, and (l) representing a liquid.

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