2-Bromobutane is optically active because it is a chiral molecule, which contains an asymmetric carbon atom. On the other hand, 1-Bromobutane is optically inactive because it is an achiral molecule, which does not contain an asymmetric carbon atom.
Optically active molecule- A chiral molecule that is capable of rotating light is an optically active molecule.
Chiral molecule- A molecule is called a chiral molecule if it cannot be superimposed with its mirror image. This molecule has no plane of symmetry.
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4. A sample of water with a mass of 785 g and a starting temperature of
15.0°C is heated. What would the final temperature of the water be if 250,000
joules of heat are added to the water?(Ans: 91°C)
The final temperature of the water would be approximately 91°C after 250,000 joules of heat are added.
Describe Heat Capacity?Heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to increase the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius (or one Kelvin). It is a measure of how much energy a substance can absorb without a significant change in its temperature.
The heat capacity of a substance depends on its mass and composition. Substances with more mass or more complex molecular structures generally have higher heat capacities, meaning they require more energy to increase their temperature than substances with less mass or simpler molecular structures.
To solve this problem, we can use the specific heat capacity formula:
Q = m * c * ΔT
where Q is the amount of heat transferred, m is the mass of the substance, c is the specific heat capacity of the substance, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
We can rearrange this formula to solve for ΔT:
ΔT = Q / (m * c)
We are given the mass of the water (m = 785 g), the amount of heat added (Q = 250,000 J), and the specific heat capacity of water (c = 4.184 J/g°C).
Substituting these values into the equation, we get:
ΔT = 250,000 J / (785 g * 4.184 J/g°C)
ΔT ≈ 75.4°C
Therefore, the final temperature of the water would be:
15.0°C + 75.4°C = 91 °C
So the final temperature of the water would be approximately 91 °C after 250,000 joules of heat are added.
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8. Standard reduction potentials are given for reduction half-reactions relative to the hydrogen half-reaction. In Part 1 of this experiment, you will determine reduction potentials rela- tive to the reduction of copper and silver. Predict what the reduction potentials should be relative to the silver and copper electrodes. It may help to think of this as a vertical ruler. As you move the ruler up, the zero shifts up and the numbers change accordingly. E (volts) STANDARD REDUCTION POTENTIALS AT 25°C E (volts) E (volts) Referenced to Referenced to the Hydrogen the Copper Electrode Electrode Half-Reaction Referenced to the Silver Electrode 0.80 0.80 0.0 Ag+ + e + Ag (5) Cu2+ + 2e → Cu () 0.34 0.0 0,34 2H+ + 2e → H2(g) 0.0 Not measured Not measured Fe2+ + 2 e Fe (s) - 0.41 Zn2+ + 2e → Zn (5) - 0.76
The reduction potential of Cu²⁺ is 0.34 volts and the reduction potential of Ag⁺ is 0.8 volts
The reduction potentials of Ag⁺ and Cu²⁺ relative to the silver and copper electrodes, respectively, can be found by using a vertical ruler to shift the zero point of the reference hydrogen half-reaction.
Relative to the silver electrode, the reduction potential of Ag⁺ is 0.8 volts and
The reduction potential of Cu²⁺ is 0.0 volts.
Relative to the copper electrode, the reduction potential of Ag⁺ is 0.0 volts and
The reduction potential of Cu²⁺ is 0.34 volts.
The reduction potentials of the other half-reactions (Fe²⁺, Zn²⁺) cannot be measured relative to the silver and copper electrodes, as they are not included in the vertical ruler.
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Choose the statement that is true at the mid-point, or half-equivalence point, in the titration of a monoprotic weak acid and a strong base. O The moles of strong acid and weak base present in the solution are equal. O The moles of strong base and weak acid present in the solution are equal. O The moles of conjugate base and strong base present in the solution are equal. O The moles of conjugate base and weak acid present in the solution are equal.
Strong base and conjugate base concentrations in the solution are both equal at moles.
At the mid-point of a titration of a weak acid and a strong base, the pH of the solution is equal to the pKa of the weak acid. This is due to the solution's equal amounts of conjugate base and strong base molecules.As the strong base is added, it reacts with the weak acid to produce the conjugate base and the hydrogen ions (H+) are neutralized. At the mid-point, the moles of conjugate base and strong base present in the solution are equal and so the pH of the solution is equal to the pKa of the weak acid.
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Two changes in atmospheric conditions that scientists should collect data on to determine the cause of this change in weather. Explain how the data for each change would provide information on monsoon formation
By collecting data on changes in wind patterns and moisture levels, scientists can gain a better understanding of the atmospheric conditions that are necessary for monsoon formation and identify any changes that may be occurring.
Two changes in atmospheric conditions that scientists should collect data on to determine the cause of a change in weather during monsoon season are:
Changes in wind patterns - By collecting data on wind patterns, scientists can determine how air is moving throughout the atmosphere. This can provide insight into the direction and strength of monsoon winds, which are a key factor in the formation of monsoons. By analyzing wind data over time, scientists can identify any changes that may be occurring and determine how these changes may be affecting monsoon formation.Changes in moisture levels - The amount of moisture in the atmosphere is another key factor in the formation of monsoons. By collecting data on humidity levels and precipitation patterns, scientists can determine how much moisture is in the atmosphere and how it is moving. This can help to identify any changes in moisture levels that may be affecting monsoon formation and help to determine the cause of these changes.To know more about the Weather, here
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Which of the following explains how inlets are impacted by high tides?
A. High tides fill inlets with water so they become larger.
B. High tides cause the land to be more exposed.
C. High tides remove sand and seashells on the beach.
D. High tides erode the sediments from an inlet.
(pls help)
Answer:It's D
Explanation:
What element is located in group 4 and period 4?*
."Scientists believe the amygdala is responsible for emotion."
What is the best definition for responsible as it is used in the previous
quote?
A Liable to be called on to answer
B. Having the job or duty
C. Politically answerable
D. Able to answer for one's conduct and obligations
D. Able to answer for one's conduct and obligations
What is the amygdala?The amygdala is a pair of almond-shaped structures located in the brain's temporal lobes. It is part of the limbic system, which is involved in the processing of emotions and memory. The amygdala is involved in the formation of memories associated with emotional events, as well as the reaction to those memories.
The amygdala also plays a role in the regulation of the body's fight-or-flight response, which is the autonomic nervous system's response to danger or perceived danger. It is thought to be involved in the formation of fears and phobias, as well as the development of aggressive behaviors. In addition, the amygdala is believed to be involved in the processing of social cues, such as facial expressions and body language.
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Predict the molecular shape for each of these compounds. Remember to consider all of the outer electrons before you make your choice.A. Tetrahedral- MethaneB. Trigonal Pyramidal- AmmoniaC. Trigonal Planar- Sulfur TrioxideD. Bent- Water, OzoneE. Linear- Carbon Dioxide
(a) Methane -the molecular shape is tetrahedral shape.
(b) Ammonia - the molecular shape is trigonal pyramidal.
(c) Sulfur trioxide - the molecular shape is trigonal planar shape.
(d) Water - the molecular shape is bent shape.
(e) Carbon dioxide - the molecular shape is a linear shape.
What is a molecular shape?Molecular shape refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule. It describes the relative positions of the atoms and the angles between the chemical bonds that connect them.
The shape of a molecule is determined by the arrangement of its electrons and the way in which the atoms share these electrons to form chemical bonds. The shape of a molecule can have a significant impact on its physical and chemical properties, such as its polarity, reactivity, and solubility.
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in lactic acid fermentation what happens to the pyruvate coming from glycolysis?
In the process of lactic acid fermentation, the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase catalyses the conversion of pyruvate to lactate or lactic acid by the addition of hydrogen ions.
The pyruvate that results from glycolysis is transformed into lactic acid during lactic acid fermentation. The synthesis of lactate and NAD+ as a result of the transfer of two highly energetic electrons from NADH to pyruvate is what allows for this conversion. This procedure aids in the renewal of NAD+, which is necessary for glycolysis to carry on making ATP without oxygen. In many organisms, including bacteria, fungi, and animals, lactic acid fermentation is an important process. It is crucial in muscles during vigorous exercise when oxygen supply is constrained.
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During transcription initiation in prokaryotes, the sigma subunit binds at the transcription start site forming a closed promoter complex.True or false?
True. During transcription initiation in prokaryotes, the sigma subunit binds at the transcription start site forming a closed promoter complex.
Transcription is the process of converting a DNA sequence into RNA, and it occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination. During initiation, RNA polymerase binds to the promoter, unwinds the DNA double helix, and initiates RNA synthesis.The DNA sequences that the polymerase recognizes are located upstream of the coding sequence, usually within the promoter region, and they must be close enough to the coding sequence to allow for the correct positioning of the transcription machinery to initiate transcription. RNA polymerase holoenzyme, which comprises the core enzyme and the sigma factor, recognises the promoter sequences and initiates transcription.
Prokaryotic transcripts:
Beginning: At this stage, the RNA polymerase enzyme attaches to the DNA sequence at the promotor to begin transcription along with an initiation factor (sigma).
Elongation: In this phase, the RNA polymerase enzyme uses nucleoside triphosphate as a substrate to synthesise complementary strands of nucleotides from template DNA.
Termination: At this point in the DNA sequence, the terminator factor (rho) takes the place of the initiation factor.
At this point, the rho factor separates from the RNA and the RNA polymerase enzyme.
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a solid melts to a liquid. which of the following statements are true? (assume constant pressure and a flexible container.)
a. This is an endothermic reaction
b. Q is positive
c. The surroundings do work on the system
d. Delta H is negative
A solid melts to a liquid, the following statement is true: Q is positive. Thus, the correct option is B.
What is an endothermic reaction?A system is any part of the universe that we isolate from the rest of the universe to study or comprehend. The surroundings are the rest of the universe. The boundary is the real or imaginary surface that separates the system from the surroundings. The boundary might be an actual physical surface, such as the inside wall of a bomb calorimeter or a piece of dialysis membrane, or it might be an imaginary division, such as an invisible partition through space that separates the air in a balloon from the surrounding air.
Heat and work are two mechanisms for exchanging energy between the system and the surroundings. When a solid melts to a liquid, the heat of fusion is absorbed. This is an endothermic reaction. Q is positive. The surroundings do work on the system. Delta H is positive.
Therefore, the correct option is B.
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Which of the following bonds would be the most polar without being considered ionic?a. F-Hb. Na-Fc. S-Hd. Cl-He. O-H
The most polar bond without being considered ionic would be O-H.
Ionic bonds are the bond formed by the sharing of electrons between nonmetals to create a molecule that is neutral, while a covalent bond is a bond formed by the sharing of electrons between metals and nonmetals to create a molecule that is neutral.
Polar covalent bonds happen when there is an uneven distribution of electrons between two atoms that are bonded together. This is usually because the electrons are more strongly attracted to one atom over the other.
As a result, one atom will have a partial negative charge, and the other atom will have a partial positive charge.
In the water molecule, the O-H bond is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen. Since the difference in electronegativity between hydrogen and oxygen is more significant than between the other atoms in the other bonds, the O-H bond is the most polar.
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Chemistry Assertion and Reasoning
B) Assertion and Reasoning Direction: in the following questions, a statement followed by a statement of reason (R).
Mark the correct choice as:
(A) Both Assertion (a) And Reason (R) Are true and Reason (R) Is thd correct explanation of assertion (A)
(B) Both Assertion (A) And reason ( R) Are true but Reason (R) Is not correct explanation of assertion (A)
(C) Assertion (A) is true but reason ( R) is false
(D) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true
Assertion: Calcium And Argon are isobars
Reason: Calcium And Argon Have Same Mass Numbers
Assertion: the number of valence electrons in oxygen atoms is 6
Reason: the valency of Oxygen atom is 6
Assertion: most of the Alpha Particles in Rutherfords experiment passed straight through gold foil
Reason: The Centre Of The Atom Is Positively Charged
Answer ASAP PLEASE!
1. Calcium and Argon are isobars , the correct answer is (A). 2. number of valence electrons in oxygen atoms is 6, the correct answer is (B) 3. most of the alpha particles deflected, the correct answer is (D).
Describe Protons?Protons are subatomic particles that are found in the nucleus of an atom. They have a positive electrical charge, which is equal and opposite to the negative charge of electrons, the other subatomic particle found in atoms. The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom determines what element the atom is.
The mass of a proton is approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu), which is about 1.673 x 10⁻²⁷ kg. This is slightly less than the mass of a neutron, which is another subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom.
1. The correct answer is (A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
The statement in Assertion is true that Calcium and Argon are isobars because they have the same mass number (40). Isobars are atoms of different elements that have the same mass number but different atomic numbers.
The statement in Reason is also true and provides the explanation for Assertion because the mass number of an atom is equal to the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. Calcium has 20 protons and 20 neutrons, giving it a mass number of 40. Argon has 18 protons and 22 neutrons, also giving it a mass number of 40. Therefore, they have the same number of nucleons and are isobars.
Therefore, option (A) is the correct answer.
2. The correct answer is (B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
The statement in Assertion is true that the number of valence electrons in oxygen atoms is 6. Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that participate in chemical reactions.
The statement in Reason is also true, but it does not provide the correct explanation for Assertion. Valency refers to the combining capacity of an atom, and it is determined by the number of valence electrons. The valency of oxygen is 2, not 6. Oxygen has 6 valence electrons, but it forms two covalent bonds to complete its octet in most compounds, giving it a valency of 2.
Therefore, option (B) is the correct answer.
3. The correct answer is (D) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
The statement in Assertion is false because most of the alpha particles in Rutherford's experiment were deflected at various angles, and only a few passed straight through the gold foil. This observation led Rutherford to propose the nuclear model of the atom.
The statement in Reason is true. The center of the atom, or nucleus, is positively charged because it contains protons, which have a positive charge. Electrons, which have a negative charge, orbit the nucleus in a cloud-like distribution.
Therefore, option (D) is the correct answer.
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Calcula el volumen en litros que tendran 2 kg de poliestireno expandidos (densidad = 0,92g/cm3)
2 kg of expanded polyethylene has a volume of 2.17 liters.
Given that,
Density = 0.9g/cm³
Mass = 2kg = 2000g
Density is the substance's mass per unit of volume. Although the Roman letter D may also be used, the sign most frequently used for density is ρ (the lowercase Greek letter rho). A substance's density changes as a function of pressure and temperature. With solids and liquids, this variance is often slight, but for gases, it is much more pronounced.
Density = Mass ÷ Volume
0.92 = 2000 ÷ Volume
Volume = 2000 ÷ 0.92
Volume = 2.17 liters.
Hence, 2 kg of expanded polyethylene has a volume of 2.17 liters.
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Your question is in Spanish. The English translation of the question is:
Calculate the volume of 2 kg of expanded polyethylene in liters. ( Density = 0.92g/cm³ )
For the best system, calculate the ratio of the masses of the buffer components required to make the buffer. Express your answer using two significant figures. NH3/NH4Cl ph=8.95
Answer : The ratio of the masses of NH3 to NH4Cl required to make the buffer is 1.6 x 10^4 : 1.
The buffer system is one of the most important chemical systems. They are usually composed of a weak acid and a salt of its conjugate base or a weak base and a salt of its conjugate acid. The buffer capacity is important as it helps to resist changes in pH. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation can be used to calculate the pH of the buffer system.
It's given by: pH = pKa + log [A-] / [HA]Here, NH3 is the weak base and NH4Cl is the salt of its conjugate acid. NH3 + H2O <--> NH4+ + OH- NH4Cl <--> NH4+ + Cl-By combining the above equations, the ratio of the masses of NH3 and NH4Cl can be found as shown below. pH = pKb + log [salt] / [base] pH = 5.09 + log [NH4Cl] / [NH3]pH = 8.95, pKb of NH3 = 4.74Therefore, 8.95 = 4.74 + log [NH4Cl] / [NH3] 4.21 = log [NH4Cl] / [NH3] [NH4Cl] / [NH3] = antilog (4.21) [NH4Cl] / [NH3] = 1.6 x 10^4
Therefore, the ratio of the masses of NH3 to NH4Cl required to make the buffer is 1.6 x 10^4 : 1.
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Given the following chemical symbol, answer the questions below. This atom has 70 electrons and 114 neutrons. What value should be?Y 76 X^Z
The value of Z for the chemical symbol Y76XZ given that the atom has 70 electrons and 114 neutrons is 70.
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is equal to its atomic number(Z). Therefore, to calculate the value of Z, you need to subtract the number of neutrons from the mass number (A).
The number of neutrons is calculated as follows:
Number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number
The mass number(A) is calculated as follows: Number of protons + number of neutrons = mass number.
The total number of electrons is given as 70.
So, number of electrons = number of protons.
Each atom is neutral, so the total positive charge (protons) is equal to the total negative charge (electrons).
Therefore, the number of protons is also equal to 70.
The mass number (A) is the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons:
mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons.
Substituting the known values into the above equation:
A = 70 + 114 = 184
Therefore, to calculate the atomic number (Z), you need to subtract the number of neutrons from the mass number:
Z = A - number of neutrons
Z = 184 - 114
Z = 70
Therefore, the value of Z for the chemical symbol Y76XZ given that the atom has 70 electrons and 114 neutrons is 70, and the mass number is 184.
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a student finds an unlabeled bottle of liquid under his kitchen sink. which investigation would best help him identify the unknown liquid as acidic, basic, or neutral?
Titration is the best investigation to identify an unknown liquid as acidic, basic, or neutral by measuring its pH level.
A student finds an unlabeled bottle of liquid under his kitchen sink. Titration is the investigation that would best help him identify the unknown liquid as acidic, basic, or neutral.
Titration is the chemical method used to find the amount of acid or base in a given substance. This method is a laboratory technique used to measure the concentration of a known solution (the titrant) with a solution of an unknown concentration (the analyte).
The unknown solution is slowly added to the known solution until it reacts completely, allowing us to calculate the concentration of the unknown solution. Titration may be used to identify an unknown solution as acidic, neutral, or basic by determining its pH level. It's a highly precise technique that's often used in analytical chemistry laboratories to measure the concentration of chemicals.
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the procedure for making zeolite is carried out in an acidic medium. true or false
The statement "the procedure for making zeolite is carried out in an acidic medium" is False.
Zeolite is a crystalline aluminosilicate mineral that occurs naturally.
It is widely used in various applications, including water purification, agriculture, and petrochemical refining.
Zeolites can be synthesized in the laboratory using different methods, such as hydrothermal and sol-gel methods.
The zeolite synthesis process is carried out in an alkaline or basic medium, not in an acidic medium.
Alkaline solutions, such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, are commonly used to initiate the synthesis reaction, which involves the reaction of a source of silica, such as silicate, with a source of alumina, such as aluminate, in the presence of water and other chemical agents.
There are various types of zeolites with different chemical compositions, crystal structures, and properties.
The specific synthesis conditions, such as temperature, pressure, and reaction time, can also affect the final properties of the zeolite.
Therefore, the synthesis of zeolites requires precise control of the reaction conditions to obtain the desired properties.
Zeolites have a unique structure that can adsorb and exchange ions and molecules.
This property makes them useful in various applications, such as catalysis, separation, and ion exchange.
Zeolites can also be modified or functionalized to enhance their properties for specific applications.
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a solution of cacl2 in water forms a mixture that is 35.0% calcium chloride by mass. if the total mass of the mixture is 481.6 g, what masses of cacl2 and water were used?
The mass of CaCl2 and water that were used are 168.56g and 313.04g, respectively.
The total mass of the mixture is 481.6g, and it is found that the solution of CaCl2 in water forms a mixture that is 35.0% calcium chloride by mass. Therefore, we are supposed to find the masses of CaCl2 and water that were used.
In the given mixture, let's assume the mass of CaCl2 is ‘x’ g, and the mass of water is ‘y’ g.
Now, from the question, it is given that the total mass of the mixture is 481.6 g:
x + y = 481.6 g
1. As per the question, it is also given that the mixture is 35.0% calcium chloride by mass. This means that the ratio of the mass of CaCl2 to the total mass of the mixture is 35/100 or 0.35. So, the mass of CaCl2 present in the mixture is:
Mass of CaCl2 = 0.35 × 481.6 g = 168.56 g
Also, the mass of water in the mixture is the difference between the total mass of the mixture and the mass of CaCl2.
Thus, mass of water = total mass of the mixture - mass of CaCl2y = 481.6 g - 168.56 g = 313.04 gThus, the mass of CaCl2 and water that were used are 168.56g and 313.04g, respectively.
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(c)
Ammonia is a weak base.
Describe how you would measure the pH of an aqueous solution of a weak base using Universal
Indicator.
You need to know the hydronium ion concentration in moles per litre to determine the pH of the an aqueous solution (molarity). The equation pH Equals - log [H3O+] is then used to determine the pH.
Why is an all-purpose indicator so helpful for determining pH?An universal indicator is indeed a pH indicator made of the a solution of many compounds which exhibits several continuous colour changes more than a wide range pH levels to indicate the alkaline or acidic nature of solutions.
What are the two techniques you can use to determine a solution's pH?There are two ways to measure pH: colorimetrically with indicator fluids or sheets and electrochemically with electrodes as well as a millivoltmeter for greater accuracy (pH meter).
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Suppose that the prototype iron(II) solution has a molarity of 0.0250 upon mixing with the SCN- before any reaction. Since the SCN- solution has a molarity of 0.000100, all of it reacts with the much more concentrated iron(III) to make FeSCN2+. From this, the slope, m is determined. Now, for solution 1 (see previous work or the directions in the lab for the molarity), determine the molarity of iron(III) remaining if the absorbance of the FeSCN2+ complex was 0.3923 and slope, m, was previously determined to be 6700.
The question given is an application problem of the Beer-Lambert Law, which is defined as the relationship between the absorbance of a solution and the concentration of the solute in the solution.
SolutionThe prototype iron (II) solution has a molarity of 0.0250. Since it reacts with the much more concentrated iron (III) to make FeSCN2+, the SCN- the solution has a molarity of 0.000100. The Beer-Lambert Law equation is given by: Absorbance, A = εlCWhere, Absorbance, A = 0.3923 (given)Pathlength, l = 1 cm (given)Slope, m = 6700 (given)Concentration of FeSCN2+, C = ?Extinction coefficient, ε =? Now, since the FeSCN2+ is the product of the reaction between Fe2+ and SCN-; therefore, the moles of Fe2+ will be the same as the moles of FeSCN2+ formed. Using stoichiometry, the moles of Fe2+ can be calculated as: Moles of Fe2+ = Moles of FeSCN2+ formed = (0.0250 mol/L) x Volume of Fe2+Solution (L)Since the volume of Fe2+ Solution is not given, it can be assumed that it is the same as the SCN- solution, which is 0.0500 L. Therefore, Moles of Fe2+ = (0.0250 mol/L) x 0.0500 L = 0.00125 mol/Now, the concentration of the Fe2+ solution can be calculated as Molarity of Fe2+ solution = Moles of Fe2+ / Volume of Fe2+ Solution= 0.00125 mol/0.0500 L= 0.0250 mol/LSince the slope, m = εl, the extinction coefficient, ε can be calculated as:ε = m/l = 6700/1 = 6700 L/mol cmNow, the concentration of the Fe3+ can be calculated as:ε = A/lC = 6700 L/mol cm0.3923 = 1/0.0250 x C0.3923 x 0.0250 = CTherefore, Concentration of Fe3+ = 0.00981 mol/LHence, the molarity of iron (III) remaining if the absorbance of the FeSCN2+ complex was 0.3923 and slope, m, was previously determined to be 6700 is 0.00981 mol/L.
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The equation for the combustion of propane is elven below
C}Hs (g) +
5
02 (g)
3
CO, (g) +
4
H20 (g)
a. Use the law of conservation of mass to balance the equation, and place the appropriate coefficients in front of each species in the equation.
b. For each molar quantity given in the table below, provide the number of moles of the other reactants or products
nocossarv for comolete reaction to ake Dace.
The coefficients that would balance the reaction equation is;
C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
How do you balance a reaction equation?
Here are the steps to balance a chemical equation:
Write the unbalanced chemical equation using the correct chemical formulas for the reactants and products.
Count the number of atoms of each element on both the reactant and product sides of the equation.
Start by balancing the atoms of the most complex or least common element in the equation, such as oxygen or hydrogen.
Balance the element by adding coefficients (whole numbers) in front of the formulas for the reactants or products.
Repeat this process for each element in the equation until the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides.
Double-check your work by counting the number of atoms of each element and making sure they are balanced.
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For an atom, electrostatic potential is also called:
a) electromagnetic potential
b) electron potential c) atomic potential
d) coulomb potential.
The electrostatic potential for an atom is also called D) coulomb potential.
What is Coulomb's law?Coulomb's law is the law of electric force that states that the force of attraction or repulsion between two charges is directly proportional to their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
The electrostatic potential energy between two charges is also proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the distance between them squared.
Therefore, for an atom, the electrostatic potential is directly proportional to the charge of the nucleus and inversely proportional to the distance between the electrons and the nucleus.
Thus, the coulomb potential is the electrostatic potential between the positively charged nucleus and negatively charged electrons of an atom. The correct option is d) coulomb potential.
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which solution is most concentrated? (1) 0.1 mole of solute dissolved in 400 ml of solvent (2) 0.2 mole of solute dissolved in 300 ml of solvent (3) 0.3 mole of solute dissolve
The concentration of a solution is defined as the amount of solute that has been dissolved in a given amount of solvent. The most concentrated solution is one that has the highest amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent is 0.3 mole of solute dissolved.
What is the concentration?Concentration is defined as the number of solute particles in a given volume of solution. It can be expressed in a variety of ways, including mass percent, mole fraction, molarity, and molality.
The solution with 0.3 mole of solute dissolved is the most concentrated. 0.1 mole of solute dissolved in 400 ml of solvent
0.2 mole of solute dissolved in 300 ml of solvent
0.3 mole of solute dissolved in 500 ml of solvent.
The concentration of a solution is defined as the amount of solute that has been dissolved in a given amount of solvent. Let's calculate the concentration of each solution using the formula of concentration:
Molarity = Number of moles of solute/Volume of solution (L)
For (1), Number of moles of solute = 0.1 mole. Volume of solution = 400 ml = 0.4 L. Concentration,
C = Number of moles of solute/Volume of solution (L)
C = 0.1/0.4 = 0.25 mol/L
For (2), Number of moles of solute = 0.2 mole. Volume of solution = 300 ml = 0.3 L.
Concentration,
C = Number of moles of solute/Volume of solution (L)
C = 0.2/0.3 = 0.67 mol/L.
For (3), Number of moles of solute = 0.3 mole.
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Molar Mass
What is the molar mass of a gas that has a density of 1.02 g/L at 0.990 atm pressure and 37 degrees C
if you add 25 ml of water to 15 ml of a 0.050 m hcl solution, what is the new concentration of the solution?
To find the new concentration of a 0.050 M HCl solution after adding 25 mL of water, we can use the formula:
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
Where:
M₁ = initial molarity of the solutionV₁ = initial volume of the solutionM₂ = final molarity of the solutionV₂ = final volume of the solutionGiven,
M₁ = 0.050 MV₁ = 15 mL = 0.015 L (as volume should be in liters)M₂ = ?V₂ = 15 mL + 25 mL = 40 mL = 0.040 LNow applying the formula we get,
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂0.050 M × 0.015 L = M₂ × 0.040 LM₂ = (0.050 × 0.015) ÷ 0.040= 0.01875 MTherefore, the new concentration of the solution is 0.01875 M.
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rank the following alkyl halides in order of their increasing rate of reaction with triethylamine: iodoethane 1-bromopropane 2-bromopropane
The order of increasing reaction rate of alkyl halides with triethylamine is iodoethane, 1-bromopropane, and 2-bromopropane.
When the primary alkyl halide reacts with the triethylamine, it's faster than the secondary alkyl halide. Since triethylamine is a strong, bulky base that tends to perform nucleophilic substitution, it undergoes a reaction with both primary and secondary alkyl halides. When halides react with triethylamine, the bond between nitrogen and carbon is formed.
In this reaction, the rate of reaction will be slower with secondary alkyl halides due to steric hindrance. Iodoethane will be more reactive than 1-bromopropane because of the higher electronegativity of iodine which makes it more prone to nucleophilic substitution. Based on the above discussion, the order of increasing rate of reaction with triethylamine is 2-bromopropane < 1-bromopropane < iodoethane.
Therefore, iodoethane is the most reactive of the three alkyl halides, 1-bromopropane is more reactive than 2-bromopropane and 2-bromopropane is the least reactive.
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What volume will 3.50 mol of ammonia gas occupy at conditions of standard temperature pressure?
A 5.41L
B 10.5 L
C 78.4L
D 7,940L
Answer:
C - 78.4L
Explanation:
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Be sure to answer all parts. One of the compounds used to increase the octane rating of gasoline is toluene (pictured). Suppose 38.4 mL of toluene (d= 0.867 g/mL) is consumed when a sample of gasoline burns in air. (a) How many grams of oxygen are needed for complete combustion of the toluene? (b) How many total moles of gaseous products form? mol (c) How many molecules of water vapor form? ___ x 10 (select) molecules (Enter your answer in scientific notation.)
The amount of oxygen needed for complete combustion of the toluene is 3.249 grams. The total moles of gaseous products formed are 3.971 moles. The molecules of water vapor formed are 8.684 x 10²².
What is the amount of oxygen formed?One of the compounds used to increase the octane rating of gasoline is toluene. Suppose 38.4 mL of toluene (d= 0.867 g/mL) is consumed when a sample of gasoline burns in air. In order to solve the above problem, let us write the chemical equation for the combustion of toluene is as follows:
C₇H₈ + 9O₂ → 7CO₂ + 4H₂O
In the above reaction, we can see that 9 moles of oxygen are needed to completely combust one mole of toluene. Hence, the amount of oxygen needed for complete combustion of toluene can be calculated as follows:
n(C₇H₈) = m(C₇H₈)/M(C₇H₈)
n(C₇H₈) = d × V / M(C₇H₈)
n(C₇H₈) = 0.867 g/mL × 38.4 mL / 92.14 g/mol = 0.361 mol
So, the amount of oxygen needed for complete combustion of toluene = 9 × 0.361 = 3.249 g
In the above reaction, there are 11 moles of gaseous products, i.e., 7 moles of CO₂ and 4 moles of H₂O.
So, the amount of moles of gaseous products formed can be calculated as follows: n(gas) = 11 × n(C₇H₈)
n(gas) = 11 × 0.361 = 3.971 mol.
The amount of moles of H₂O formed can be calculated as follows:
n(H₂O) = 4 × n(C₇H₈)
n(H₂O) = 4 × 0.361 = 1.444 mol
Now, we can calculate the number of molecules of water vapor as follows:
n(H₂O) = N × Na
N = n(H₂O) / Na
N = 1.444 mol / 6.022 x 10²³ mol¯¹ = 8.684 x 10²²
Hence, the number of molecules of water vapor formed is 8.684 x 10²².
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