9.-13. Match the description to its anatomical term.
-
A membranous, serous layer attached
to a fibrous sac

A tissue composed of layers and bundles
of cardiac muscles

Outside layer of the heart wall that's
interspersed with adipose

The interior lining of the heart

External grooves that indicate the regions
of the heart

a. Visceral pericardium
b. Sulci
c. Endocardium
d. Myocardium
e. Parietal pericardium

Answer:

In the case of a Tasmanian devil, the tumor cells may be ignored by the immune system because they do not have foreign antigens on their surface that are recognized as a threat. Without these foreign antigens, the immune system does not produce antibodies to attack the tumor cells. As a result, the tumor cells are not recognized as a threat and are allowed to grow and multiply without being attacked by the immune system.

It is also possible that the tumor cells in a Tasmanian devil may produce their antigens that mimic the antigens found on normal cells in the body. If this occurs, the immune system may recognize the tumor cells as normal and not produce antibodies to attack them.

Overall, the immune system's ability to recognize and attack foreign substances is a crucial part of its function. However, in some cases, the immune system may not recognize certain cells as a threat, leading to the growth and proliferation of abnormal cells such as tumor cells.

According to the animation, the Krebs cycle is the only one where six electron carriers are decreased.

The electrons are employed to convert an oxygen molecule into oxygen ions at the system's conclusion. Water is created when hydrogen ions (protons) from the surrounding medium are drawn to the additional electrons on oxygen ions.

An oxygen molecule serves as the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration, or the one with the highest or most positive redox potential, at the end of the ETS (O2). This is diminished.

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The correct option (B)  Is directly related to the frequency of crossing-over.

The procedures used to establish the location of a gene and the distances between genes are referred to as gene mapping. Gene mapping may also describe the distances between various locations within a gene.

The purpose of all genome mapping is to place a set of molecular markers on the genome in their proper locations. Molecular markers exist in many different forms and sizes. Genes may be viewed as a type of genetic marker and mapped in the same way as any other marker when creating genome maps. Gene mapping aids in the creation of unique recombinants inside an organism in a variety of fields of study.

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The correct option is B The inner membrane is folded to generate cristae to improve the mitochondrion's capacity to manufacture ATP.

These folds allow substantially more electron transport chain enzymes and ATP synthase to be packed inside the mitochondrion.

he membrane. The more the folds the more the surface area to which more ribosomes can attach. The ribosomes are organelles responsible for the manufacture of protein in cells. Thereafter, the proteins are properly folded by the mediation of chaperones in the lumen of the RER.

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Full Question ;

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a cell structure that consists of folded membranes that contain ribosomes. What is the advantage of the folded membranes?

A) decreases surface area in order to produce more Proteins

B) increases surface area in order to produce more proteins

C) increases volume of endoplasmic reticulum in order to produce more energy

D) decreases volume of the endoplasmic reticulum in order to make more energy

Answer:

20

Explanation:

time-= distance / speed

10m/ 0.50m/s= 20

Answer:

Discharge (Q) = Velocity (V) x Area (A)

Q = V x A

Q = 300 m/s x (25 m x 3 m)

Q = 22,500 m³/s

Ruling a X-linked recessive pedigree involves analyzing the family history and pattern of inheritance of a trait or disorder to determine if it is likely to be inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern.

The disorder can be identified by:

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The parents are heterozygous for the gene that causes curly hair. As a result, their offspring will have a 50% chance of receiving the curly hair gene and a 50% chance of acquiring the straight hair gene.

If one parent has curly hair and the other has straight hair, each child will receive one allele from both parents. All of the children will have wavy hair.

Because the straight gene is dominant and present on the X chromosome, the chance of curly hair for the first kid is 50%. Option (D) one in two is the right answer. The alleles for curly hair and straight hair are instances of codominant alleles for a phenotype.

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Answer: I believe the order of answers should be 2, 3, 4.

Explanation:

Part A seems like it is describing a strange character. Part B is appearing to depict a mysterious event. Part C describes a positive interaction.

(If this is wrong, I am terribly sorry, but I do hope this helps!)

The correct аspect of аn Аmericаn myth:

1. Rip now felt а vаgue аpprehension steаling over him; he looked аnxiously in the sаme direction, аnd perceived а strаnge figure slowly toiling up the rocks, аnd bending under the weight of something he cаrried on his bаck. ⇒ Remarkable, strange, or exaggerated characters (2) and positive message about a nation and its people (4)

2. Her deck once red with heroes’ blood. Where knelt the vаnquished foe. When winds were hurrying o’er the flood. Аnd wаves were white below. ⇒ Set in the past, often remote areas and exiting times (1)

3. Thanks, thаnks to thee, my worthy friend, for the lesson thou hаst tаught! Thus аt the flаming forge of life, our fortunes must be wrought: thus on its sounding ⇒ Incredible, heroic, impressive, magical or mysterious events (3)

The story "Rip Vаn Winkle" is а greаt exаmple of Аmericаn Mythology becаuse of the remаrkаble chаrаcters, the incredible аnd unbelievаble events thаt occur, аnd the fаct thаt it gives hope аnd presents positive messаges аbout Аmericа through the long journey Rip tаkes in the story.

The poem titled 'Old Ironsides' penned by Oliver Wendell Holmes explores the theme of 'pride in bаttle аnd deаth.' The speаker feels proud of receiving аn honorаble deаth. The poem is centered аround а ship thаt served in numerous bаttles but still doomed to be discаrded.

The quote from "Longfellow’s Blacksmith" tells about the Blаcksmith understаnds thаt he cаn forge his own future, by аny method he deems fit. А life worth living will require thousаnds of hаmmer swings, but he is in full control of how thаt hаmmer is swung.

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One can identify how a specific trait is passed down via a family using pedigrees. The relationship between parents, children, and siblings determines whether a feature is present or absent in a pedigree.

A pedigree displays the relationships between family members and indicates the family members who have specific genetic pathogenic variants, traits, and diseases, as well as information on their present health. The genealogy of a family may show how diseases are passed down through the generations.

The AKC pedigree is a traditional lineage pedigree, which reads from your dog on the left through subsequent generations branching to the right. It contains a history of your dog's direct ancestors. You can read each successive generation to the right by starting with your dog at the left.

If a trait skips a generation in a pedigree, it is frequently an autosomal recessive trait, according to one tip for spotting recessive traits (although a trait can be autosomal recessive and not skip generations). Both gender share the same prevalence of these traits.

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The equation of line when a line passes through a point (-2, 6) and have slope 4, is y = 4x + 14

In mathematics, a line's slope, also known as its gradient, is a numerical representation of the line's steepness and direction

Given:

Slope m = 4

And point (-2, 6)

If a line passes through a point (x₁ ,y₁) and have slope m

then the equation of line is

y - y₁ = m (x - x₁)

Substituting the values,

y - 6 = 4(x + 2)

Simplifying,

y = 4x + 14

Therefore, the equation is y = 4x + 14.

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The crust of the Earth moves slowly and continuously. Massive pressures drive rocks up, tilt, fold, and break them. The lowest strata become so tightly packed when enough silt has collected and settled in one location that solid rock is created.

The term "earth's crust" refers to the planet's thin, rocky outer layer, which makes up less than 1% of both its radius and volume. It is the uppermost section of the lithosphere, which is made up of the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle. These particles are separated from their source by erosion and carried to a different area by wind, water, ice, or biological activity.

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In a diploid organism, two alleles for a particular gene are expressed and interact to produce physical traits. A species' observable characteristics are referred to as its phenotype.

The genotype is the genetic composition of an organism, which includes both the alleles that are physically expressed and those that are not. Mendel's hybridization studies show how phenotype and genotype differ from one another. For instance, the diploid genotypes of the plants in the P, F1, and F2 generations are related to the phenotypes that Mendel observed in his crosses between pea plants with different features. We shall utilize seed color as an example, which was Mendel's second feature of study. Two alleles of a single gene control the color of seeds.

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Vegetarians and vegans who want to gain all the essential amino acids can combine two or more plant proteins.

In order to meet their daily requirements of essential amino acids, vegetarians can eat a variety of meals. Excellent sources of those amino acids are grains, peanut butter, legumes, almonds, pumpkin seeds, and legumes. The amino acids needed by the body include tryptophan, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, leucine, methionine, threonine, valine, and phenylalanine. One food that has all of these amino acids is quinoa. For those who don't consume meat, fish, or dairy items, pulses are crucial. Eggs and meat substitutes such as tofu, textured vegetable protein, Quorn, and mycoprotein are other non-dairy sources of protein. To receive their protein, vegetarians should eat plant-based foods such grains, nuts, seeds, legumes, and soy products. Eggs and dairy products are good sources of protein for lacto-ovo-vegetarians.

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The four components of Mendel's theory that resulted in the Law of Separation are as follows:

1. Variations in genetic features are explained by alternate versions of genes.

2. The creature acquires two alleles of her for each attribute (one from each parent).

3. When two alleles vary at a locus, one (dominant) controls the appearance of the organism. There is no discernible influence of recessive alleles on appearance.

4. The law of segregation states that during gametogenesis, two alleles of an inherited characteristic separate, resulting in distinct gametes.

Mendel's first law outlines how two copies of a gene's alleles break into gametes. During gametogenesis, Mendel's second law outlines the independent ordering of alleles from distinct genes.

Each gamete receives just one randomly picked copy of the gene when an organism produces gametes. This is referred to as the Law of Segragation. Punnett squares can be used to predict genetic cross offspring genotypes (allele combinations) and phenotypes (observable attributes).

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A gene for microtubule proteins is being made in a cell. The mRNA representing an exact copy of that gene is put together using base pairing rules.

Gene expression is the process by which genetic information carried by DNA is converted from genes via messenger RNA to proteins.

mRNA is the molecule that links genes to proteins. The mRNA is formed through the process of transcription from a gene strand. The mRNA is then translated into protein by the joint action to transfer RNA and the ribosome.

mRNA therefore, serves as a temporary copy of information found in the DNA. Thus, mRNA represents an exact copy of the gene and it is put together using base pairing rules.

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A BRCA gene mutation is an alteration in the genes that produce the proteins responsible for DNA repair. These proteins are essential for maintaining the integrity of the cell’s DNA and for preventing cancer.

The presence of a BRCA mutation increases the risk of developing certain types of cancer, such as breast, ovarian and prostate. Women with a BRCA mutation have up to an 85 percent risk of developing breast cancer, and up to a 60 percent risk of developing ovarian cancer. Prostate cancer is more likely to affect men who have a BRCA mutation.

A BRCA mutation can also be inherited, meaning that it can be passed from one generation to the next. Genetic testing is available to determine if a person has a BRCA mutation, and if so, to identify the specific mutation. This information can help to inform decisions about cancer screening and preventive measures.

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The "masked" (recessive) genes from the F1 generation were allowed to mate, but only once, allowing the other three times to emerge with purple flowers. In generation F2, this led to a 3:1 ratio of purple: white flowers.

A ratio is a mathematical relationship between two numbers that, by definition, illustrates how frequently something has occurred or been present.

669 purple flowers equals

221 white flowers equals

The following procedures should be followed in order to calculate the ratio: Decide which values need to be expressed as a ratio. Make the formula, for instance, by dividing the ratio of two integers. If the percentage is required, multiply the result by 100 to make the computation simpler.

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The complete question is as follows

There are 669 purple flowers and 221 white flowers. What is the ratio of purple flowers to white flowers?

The two types that the boatbill will dominate are grasses and shrubs according to the attached table. So the correct option is B.

The boatbill is a type of bird genus that will be predominantly in grasses and shrubs. They can change the composition of these areas as time passes. This type of bird will feed mainly on insects, cicadas being the main ones in its diet. They can also feed on small fish or small animals such as lizards. But its main diet is not other animals but it can also feed on fruits.

As for its reproduction, the female will be in charge of building the nest with sticks and herbs that the male will provide. Once the nest is formed, the female will lay her eggs in it and the incubation period will be given so that the chicks leave this and after a certain time, leave the nest.

Therefore, we can confirm that the correct option is B. grasses and shrubs.

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Turner syndrome (XO) in women have to give up end result from non-disjunction for the duration of Meiosis II.

Meiosis II withinside the mother, wherein she may be capable of produce 50% eggs having 2X chromosomes at the same time as the rest 50% will now now not have any X chromosome. When the latter type (O) of eggs fuse with the X chromosome containing sperms paperwork the father, it will be a XO genotype female with Turners syndrome Another possibility is non-disjunction for the duration of Meiosis II withinside the father. In meiosis II, the sister chromatids separate, making haploid cells with non-duplicated chromosomes. There are divisions in meiosis; the primary department is meiosis I: the quantity of cells is doubled however the quantity of chromosomes is not. This consequences in half of of as many chromosomes in line with cell. The 2d department is meiosis II: this department is like mitosis; the quantity of chromosomes does not get reduced.

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Two factors that could affect whether the fly population on the island is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are mutation and selection.

The way in which these two factors would affect, if the population of flies on the island is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium would be:

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While the lysogenic cycle results in the integration of the phage into to the host genome, the lytic cycle produces the death of such host.

In a lytic cycle, the virus transfers its genome it in to a host cell and starts replication by seizing control of the host's cellular machinery. When the infection is finished, the host cell is lysed, releasing the freshly duplicated and assembled viral proteins into the coastal waters.

The lysis phase, which takes place after a virus has invaded a cell, produced new viral particles, and ruptured the cell membrane, is what gives the lytic cycle its name. In order to infect other cells, this causes the new vesicles, or viral complexes, to be released.

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Spasticity, cramps, stiffness, and discomfort are just a few of the symptoms that can result from tight lower back muscles and back pain. These sensations might be constant, modest aches or intense, crippling misery.

Spasticity is a disorder characterized by an unnatural rise in muscular tone or stiffness, which may impair speech or movement and be accompanied by discomfort or pain. Damage to the nerve pathways in the brain or spinal cord that regulate muscle action is the usual cause of spasticity.

Uncomfortable bodily feelings are generally referred to as pain. It results from nervous system stimulation. Pain can be bothersome or incapacitating. It could feel like mild pain or a violent stabbing. Also, possible adjectives for it are throbbing, pinching, stinging, scorching, or sore.

Soft tissue like a muscle can be found in both humans and animals. Actin and myosin protein filaments make up the muscle cells, which glide past one another to cause contraction and alter the cell's length and form.

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The three common feature of all molluscs are: presence of mantle, muscular foot and unsegmented body.

Molluscs is the name that refers to the organisms of the phylum Mollusca. These are the animals that are invertebrates. The phylum constitutes the second largest phylum of the animal kingdom. The examples include: snails, oysters, clams, etc.

Mantle is the outer body wall of the molluscs. It is soft and fleshy in appearance. It may sometimes be covered by calcifies plates for strengthening. It covers the visceral mass of the Molluscs. This mantle secretes the calcium carbonate for the formation of shell of molluscs.

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A homozygous recessive (AA) kid has a 25% chance of being unaffected, a heterozygous (Aa) carrier child has a 50% probability, and a homozygous homozygous (AA) child has a 25% chance.

A genetic disorder or characteristic can be transferred from parent to kid via autosomal dominant inheritance. The genetic disease can be brought on by one copy of a mutant (changed) gene from one parent. A mutant gene-carrying parent has a 50% chance of passing it on to their kids.

Four of the 16 potential gamete pairings from a SsYy x SsYy cross are viable. When the genes (also known as alleles) that regulate how a feature develops are paired in exactly the same ways, the trait is said to be homozygous. Being heterozygous for a trait means having several alleles for that trait. A homozygous characteristic will always show itself in the same way.

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The non-poisonous viceroy butterfly gains protection by looking like the bad tasting monarch butterfly, which is a protective device known as Mimicry.

Mimicry is a biological phenomenon that occurs by superficial resemblance of two or more organisms that are not closely related taxonomically. The resemblance gives an advantage such as protection from predation upon one or both organisms by which the organism deceive the animate agents of natural selection.The predator interacts with the similar organisms and gets deceived by their similarity.

The discovery of Mimicry in butterflies was in the mid 19th century by Victorian naturalist H.W.Bates. Mimicry in butterflies are of two types- Batesian mimicry and Mullerian mimicry.

The Batesian mimicry is when a non-poisonous animal mimics the pattern or coloration of a poisonous or unpalatable animal without actually producing any toxins themselves.

The Mullerian mimicry is when two poisonous or unpalatable animals have the same coloration and patterns.

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Assume that a new species of fish has been discovered deep in the ocean. It has a complete vertebral column made of cartilage therefore the class which the new species will be placed in is Chondrichthyes and also have cartilaginous endoskeleton.

They are referred to as a class that contains the cartilaginous fishes that have skeletons primarily composed of cartilage and examples include sharks, whales etc.

They usually have a pair of jaws and are found in marine environment. the presence of calcium salts in this type of environment is what gives rise to them having cartilages as their vertebral column and endoskeleton which are the features present in fishes under this class and is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the correct choice.

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A diploid individual cell with a chromosome number of 32 contains two haploid sets of chromosomes. A haploid set of chromosomes is a complete set of chromosomes that contains one of each type of chromosome.

Each haploid set contains 16 chromosomes in the diploid individual cell with a chromosome number of 32. During the process of meiosis, the parent cell divides into four daughter cells. During this process, the two haploid sets of chromosomes that were present in the parent cell are separated into the four daughter cells.

During the formation of the four daughter cells, each daughter cell contains only one haploid set of chromosomes. This means that in a diploid individual cell with a chromosome number of 32, there are two haploid sets of chromosomes present.

The two haploid sets of chromosomes present in a diploid individual cell with a chromosome number of 32 each contain 16 different chromosomes. These chromosomes are responsible for the genetic traits of the individual. Each of the 16 chromosomes contains specific genes that control certain traits. These genes are responsible for the physical characteristics of the individual, such as hair color, eye color, and height. These chromosomes also contain information that determines the sex of the individual.

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The morphology of the cysts caused by Entamoeba hartmanni resembles Entamoeba histolytica, but lacks ingested red blood cells in its trophozoite form.

Amoebas are unicellular organisms which are able to alter their shape. They are usually found in water bodies like slow moving rivers, lakes and ponds. They are also pathogenic to humans and can cause diseases like amoebiasis.

Entamoeba hartmanni is a type of non-pathogenic amoeba. Its life cycle is very similar to the life cycle of Entamoeba histolytica but it lacks an invasive stage. When in its trophozoite form, it does not ingests red blood cells. The morphology of its cysts resemble that of Entamoeba histolytica. The motility of their cysts is also comparatively less rapid.

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