P4 +502 — P4010
What is the limiting reactant if you are using 25. 0 grams of phosphorus and 50. 0 grams of oxygen?
A. ) O2
B. ) P4
C. ) P4O10
D. ) P4O2
The limiting reactant is O2.
To determine the limiting reactant, we need to compare the number of moles of each reactant present.
First, we convert the given masses of phosphorus and oxygen to moles:
25.0 g of P4 = 25.0 g / (123.8 g/mol) = 0.202 mol
50.0 g of O2 = 50.0 g / (32.00 g/mol) = 1.5625 mol
Next, we use the balanced equation for the reaction to determine the stoichiometry of each reactant:
P4 + 5O2 → P4O10
From the equation, we can see that for every one mole of P4, 5 moles of O2 are required.
We can then compare the number of moles of each reactant present:
0.202 mol P4 / 1 mol P4 = 0.202
1.5625 mol O2 / 5 mol O2 = 0.3125
We can see that the number of moles of O2 is less than the number of moles of P4 required by the reaction, so the limiting reactant is O2.
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A
Choose the correct symbol to
compare these numbers.
-4 [?] 0.589
A. <
B. >
C. =
Hello there!
Answer:
A. <
Explanation:
You should remember that all negative numbers are smaller then positive numbers. For example, -10 < 7 or -9479 < 1
-4 is a negative integer
0.598 is a positive number
So -4 < 0.598 (negative < positive)
Why don't we draw a double bond between the Be and Cl atoms in the Lewis structure for BeCl2? a. That would give each Cl a positive formal charge and the Be a negative formal charge b. There aren't enough electrons in the molecule to do so. c. That would result in an expanded octet for beryllium.
d. That would result in an expanded octet for chlorine.
Lone electron pairs are absent from the Be atom. A negative formal charge would be placed on the Be atom as a result of the double bonds existing between it and the Cl atom.
Why is it necessary to go over the formal charges that each atom has in the Lewis diagram?When compared to an isolated neutral atom, the number of electrons that are attached to an atom in a molecule determines its formal charge.
Why is the octet rule broken by becl2?The octet rule is broken by B e C l 2, as the boron should be in a valence state that enables it to attach to three chlorines. However, in this molecule, the boron is joined by six electrons.
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Order each of the sets of compounds with respect to Sy2 reactivity (1 = fastest). A. CI B. H2C=CHCH2CI C. CI
Compound A Compound B
The order of Sy2 reactivity for the sets of compounds you provided would be:
Compound B (H2C=CHCH2CI)
Compound C (CI)
Compound A (CI)
This is because Compound B has the greatest electron-donating ability due to the presence of the alkyl group attached to the carbon bearing the halogen, making it the most nucleophilic and therefore the most reactive in an Sy2 reaction. Compound C is less reactive than B because it lacks the electron-donating alkyl group, and Compound A is the least reactive due to the lack of electron-donating groups.The term "Sy2 reactivity" refers to the reactivity of a compound in a nucleophilic substitution reaction where the leaving group is displaced by a nucleophile. The abbreviation "Sy" stands for "substitution" and the subscript "2" indicates that the reaction is bimolecular, meaning that the rate of the reaction is dependent on the concentrations of both the substrate and the nucleophile.
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A student has a 5. 00 gram sample of calcium chloride (CaCl2) solid. How many miles of calcium chloride are contained in this sample
0.0450 moles of calcium chloride are contained in this sample
A mole of every substance weighs the same as its molecular mass and contains the same number of particles, according to Avogadro's law.
Utilizing the equation, we can determine the moles.
Number of moles= Given Mass/ Molar Mass
Number of Moles = [tex]5.00 mg / 110.98 g/mol = 0.0450 moles[/tex]
Thus there are 0.0450 moles of [tex]Cacl2[/tex]
The mole is the volume of a substance that contains exactly as many molecules, atoms, radicals, ions, or electrons as there are in 12 grams of 12C.
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In an atom that has lost an electron, the place vacated by the free electron is referred to as a(n)
The space left by the free electron in an atom after it has lost one electron is known as a hole.
The term "free electron" refers to an electron that has broken loose from its "parent" atom and is now free to move about the material at random. A vacancy, also known as a hole, is created in the atom when a bonded electron in a lattice atom breaks free. The number of electrons in an atom's valence shell, or n shell in this example, has a significant impact on the electrical properties of the element that the atom represents. The least force of attraction is felt by the electrons in the valence shell since they are the furthest from their nucleus.
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Why are all the elements in group 18 relatively unreactive meaning they do not gain lose or share electrons with other atoms?
Elements of group 18 belongs to the family of noble gases with a general electronic configuration ns²np⁶, where the valence shell is completely filled.
The elements of group 18 are considered to be noble because they have a completely filled valence shell due to which they donot have the tendency to gain, lose or share their valence electrons with other atoms. Thus, they are highly unreactive.
The elements belonging to noble gas family are: Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon(Ar), Krypton(Kr), Xenon(Xe), Radon(Rn).
under conditions of standard pressure and temperature, these elements exists as gases with very low chemical reactivity so they are known as inert gases.
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Calculate the mass of metal oxide produced during the decomposition of 1280 g of 77.5% pure magnesium carbonate!
Decomposition of one mole of magnesium carbonate (84 g) produces one mole of magnesium oxide (40 g). Thus, 1280 g of magnesium carbonate will produce 609 g of MgO.
What is magnesium carbonate?Magnesium carbonate is an ionic compound formed by donation of two electrons from magnesium metal to the carbonate group.
The decomposition reaction of magnesium carbonate is written below:
[tex]\rm MgCO_{3} \rightarrow MgO + CO_{2}[/tex]
As per this reaction, one mole of magnesium carbonate produces one mole of MgO.
molar mass of MgCO₃ = 84 g/mol
molar mass of MgO = 40 g/mol
84 g of MgCO₃ gives 40 g of MgO. Then the mass of MgO produced by 1280 g of MgCO₃ is:
mass of MgO = (1280 × 40)/84 = 609 g.
Therefore, the mass of MgO produced is 609 g.
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Determine the number of atoms of each element in the following: 4Fe2O3
Answer:
hi, I haven't done this in a while, but I think this is it!
Explanation:
20
8 Iron Atoms
12 Oxygen Atoms
Express the composition of each compound as the
mass percent of its elements (percent composition).
a.
sucrose (C,H),0.,)
c. magnetite (Fe,O.)
b.
aluminum sulfate
(Al, (SO,).)
The composition of each compound as the mass percent of its elements is as follows:
For Sucrose - Carbon is 42.18%, Hydrogen is 6.44% and Oxygen is 51.38%.For Aluminum sulfate - Aluminum is 3.99%, Sulfur is 4.57% and Oxygen is 87.44%.For Magnetite - Iron is 71.83% and Oxygen is 28.17%.What is mass percent?Concentration is expressed as mass percent. Additionally, the ingredients in a particular mixture are described. Solution composition can be understood in terms of mass percent. It indicates the mass of solute present in a solution of a given mass. The amount of solute is expressed in mass or moles.
Mass Percent = (Component Mass ÷ Total Mass) x 100% or
(mass of solute ÷ mass of solution) x 100%
a. Sucrose (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁) with molecular mass of 342.296 u composed of:
Carbon: (12 x 12.01) / 342.296 = 42.18%
Hydrogen: (22 x 1.01) / 342.296 = 6.44%
Oxygen: (11 x 16) / 342.296 = 51.38%
b. Aluminum sulfate (Al₂(SO₄)₃) with molecular mass of 342.14 u is composed of:
Aluminum: (2 x 26.98) / 342.14 = 3.99%
Sulfur: (3 x 32.06) / 342.14 = 4.57%
Oxygen: (18 x 16) / 342.14 = 87.44%
c. Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) with molecular mass of 231.534 u is composed of:
Iron: (3 x 55.85) / 231.534 = 71.83%
Oxygen: (4 x 16) / 231.534 = 28.17%
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Using the thermodynamic data provided below, calculate the standard change in entropy when one mole of sodium nitrate is dissolved in water?
S° (J/K•mol)
NaNO3(s) 116.3
Na+(aq) 60.25
NO3–(aq) 146.4
Will the solubility of sodium nitrate increase or decrease if the temperature of the system is increased?
Thermodynamic data is data that relates to the physical properties of a system related to temperature, pressure, and energy.
What is Thermodynamic data?
Thermodynamic data is data that describes the physical properties of a material system in terms of temperature, pressure, and other thermodynamic variables. It is used to predict the behavior of materials in different conditions and to analyze processes such as heat transfer or chemical reactions. It is also used to design and optimize energy systems, such as engines and power plants.
The standard change in entropy when one mole of sodium nitrate is dissolved in water is:
ΔS° = S° (products) - S° (reactants)
ΔS° = (60.25 + 146.4) - 116.3 = 90.3 J/K•mol
The solubility of sodium nitrate will increase if the temperature of the system is increased.
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How long will it take Caroline to travel 45 miles if she is traveling 37mph (miles per hour)?
In the given question,It will take Caroline 1.2 hours to travel 45 miles if she is traveling 37 mph (miles per hour).
As we know the velocity formula:
v = d/t
Where
V is velocity, d is distance and t is time.
as given in the question
distance = 45 miles
velocity = 37 mph
To find time t,
put the values in the formula:
t = d/v
t = 45/37
t = 1.2 hours
It will take Caroline 1.2 hours to travel 45 miles if she is traveling 37 mph (miles per hour).
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A semen sample is received in the laboratory for evaluation of fertility. No sperm are observed upon initial microscopic examination of the sample. How should you proceed
Laboratories are used in many different fields, including medicine, chemistry, biology, physics, engineering, and more.
What is laboratory?A laboratory is a facility where scientists conduct research and experiments. It is equipped with specialized equipment, tools, and supplies required for the specific purpose of conducting scientific tests, experiments, and analysis.
The next step would be to look for other seminal components, such as white blood cells, red blood cells, epithelial cells, and other organic and inorganic components. If no sperm are present, then a detailed analysis of the sample is necessary to determine the cause of the absence of sperm. Possible causes of azoospermia, or the absence of sperm, include hormonal imbalance, anatomical defects, genetic conditions, and medical treatments.
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The freezing of methane is an exothermic change. What best describes the temperature conditions that are likely to make this a spontaneous change
The correct answer is option C: Low temperature only, because entropy decreases during freezing.
When a substance changes from a gas to a solid, the entropy (measure of disorder) of the system decreases. This is because the solid has a more ordered structure than the gas. The decrease in entropy is accompanied by a decrease in temperature and an increase in enthalpy (heat content).For a process to be spontaneous, the entropy change must be positive, so the freezing of methane is spontaneous only if the temperature of the surroundings is lower than the temperature of the methane. Thus, the heat released from the exothermic process will be absorbed by the surroundings, the temperature of the methane will decrease, and the entropy of the system increases, driving the process towards completion.
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The complete question is :
Methane freezing is an exothermic process. Which of the following best describes the temperature conditions that are most likely to cause this spontaneous change? Because entropy increases during freezing, any temperature. Because entropy decreases during freezing, any temperature. Only at low temperatures because entropy decreases during freezing. Only at high temperatures, as entropy
Darwin observed how farmers and breeders produced many kinds of farm animals and plants. These plants and animals had traits that were desired by the farmers and breeders. He also noticed how the study of similar body structures and vestigial organs could add to the evidence of evolution. After performing several breeding experiments, he came to certain conclusions and formulated some theories. His theory of evolution and natural selection is the most accepted one.
What is the reason behind the acceptance of Darwin's theory?
Responses
A It is based on the practical example of Lamarck’s theoryIt is based on the practical example of Lamarck’s theory
B It is supported by its harmonizing with other views.It is supported by its harmonizing with other views.
C It is based on the ideas of earlier hypothesis and laws.It is based on the ideas of earlier hypothesis and laws.
D It is supported by practical evidence and examples.
The reason behind the acceptance of Darwin's theory is D It is supported by practical evidence and examples.
What is the theory of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin?The theory of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin is a well sustained model that explains how animals change in order to adapt to an ever-changing enviroment, which is supported by scientific evidence and observations.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the theory of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin is well sustained by evidence obtained from experimentation and also observations of the natural world.
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What is the density (using proper sig figs) of a rock with a volume of 6.7 mL and a mass of 12.34 grams?
Density is an intensive property as it does not depend on the quantity of the substances Whereas mass and volume are extensive property. Therefore, the density of a rock with a volume of 6.7 mL and a mass of 12.34 grams is 1.841g/ml.
What is density?Density tells about the compactness of the substances, how much dense is the substances in other words. Object that is more denser than water they just sink in the water.
Mathematically,
Density of rock = Mass of the rock ÷volume marked on the graduated cylinder
volume of rock= 6.7 mL
mass of rock= 12.34 grams
Substituting all the values in above formula, we get
Density of rock= 12.34 grams÷6.7 mL
=1.841g/ml
Therefore, the density of a rock with a volume of 6.7 mL and a mass of 12.34 grams is 1.841g/ml.
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How many orbitals are described by each of the below combinations of quantum numbers? n = 3, ℓ =2 orbitals n = 4, ℓ = 2, mℓ = 2 orbitals
Orbitals that are described by each of the combinations quantum numbers ; n = 3, ℓ =2 orbitals n = 4, ℓ = 2 is 5. ml=2 here is referring to last(5th) orbital space 4d.
What is orbitals?In atomic theory and quantum mechanics, atomic orbital is a function describing the location and wave-like behavior of electron in an atom.
Quantum numbers (n, l, ml, ms )
n=3, refers to 3rd energy level
3rd energy level has 3 possible values of l and d has 5 different orientations.
s=0 p=1 d=2
--> -2,-1,0,1,2
When; n=3 l=2, then number of orbitals is 5.
n=4 refers to 4th energy level ;
4th level has 4 possible l values;
s=0 p=1 d=2 f=3
When, n=4 l=2 and ml=2
The number of orbitals is 5 and ml=2 is referring to last(5th) orbital space 4d.
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How does photosynthesis affect CO2 and O2 levels in the environment?
As a result of photosynthesis the level of CO₂ decrease and the the level of o2 increase in the environment.
Photosynthesis is a chemical process that occurs in algae, plants and some types of bacteria, when they are exposed to the sunlight. During photosynthesis, water and carbon dioxide will combine to form carbohydrates and gives off oxygen.
During photosynthesis, plants take carbon dioxide from the air. Within the plant cell carbon dioxide is reduced, meaning it gains electrons. This transforms the carbon dioxide into glucose. The plant then releases the oxygen back into the air, and stores energy within the glucose molecules.
Photosynthesis increases the content of the non-structural carbohydrates in the leaves which can lead to grater starch reserves and increased auxin biosynthesis.
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The pressure of hydrogen sulfide gas in a container is 35,650Pa. What is this pressure in torr (1 atm = 101,325 Pa = 760torr)?A. 46. 91 torrB. 267. 4 torrC. 351. 8 torrD. 3612torrE. 27,090 torr
In a container, the pressure of hydrogen sulfide gas is 267.4 torr.
What is pressure?The force of all gas particle/wall collisions divided by the area of the wall is defined as pressure (P): Pressure is one of the primary observable quantities of this phase of matter; it is exerted by all gases. The amount of force exerted per area is described as pressure. Pressure is defined as force divided by area. The pressure from snow on a roof, for example, would equal the weight of the snow divided by the area of the roof. In chemistry, pressure is often generated by gases. When you blow up a balloon, you fill it with gas.
Here,
pressure of hydrogen sulfide gas= 35650 Pa
1 torr=133.33 Pa
=35650/133.33
=267.38 torr
The pressure of hydrogen sulfide gas in a container is 267.4 torr.
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10. A body is found at 2:00 pm on New Year's Eve. The temperature of the liver registers 75. 5° F. What is the approximate TOD of the victim?
The estimated time of death is approximately 10:30 pm the night before.
Estimating the time of death (TOD) can be a complex process, and the methods used will depend on the specific circumstances of the case. Some of the factors that may be taken into consideration include:
The stage of decomposition of the body: As a body decomposes, it will go through several distinct stages, each of which can provide information about the TOD.The temperature of the body: As a body cools after death, the temperature will drop at a predictable rate. By measuring the temperature of the body at different points in time, it may be possible to estimate the TOD.The body's position: The position of the body can provide clues about the time that has passed since death. For example, if a body is found lying on its back, it may indicate that it has been dead for a longer period of time than if it is found on its stomach.The presence of insects or animals: Certain insects and animals are attracted to dead bodies at different stages of decomposition. By examining the presence of these insects or animals, it may be possible to estimate the TOD.Scene examination: The scene examination and any possible evidence collected can give a rough estimate of the time of death.It is important to note that estimating the TOD is not an exact science and there are often significant margins of error. A professional forensic examination is typically needed to determine the TOD.
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A 2.317 gram sample of an oxide of iron was found to contain 1.677 grams of iron and 0.640 grams of oxygen. What is the simplest formula for this compound?
The simplest formula for a compound is made up of 1.677 grams of iron and 0.640 grams of oxygen would be FeO.
Empirical formulaWhat the question is asking here is the empirical formula of an oxide of iron made up of 1.677 grams of iron and 0.640 grams of oxygen. The empirical formula shows the formula in the simplest whole-number ratio of the atoms.
Iron (Fe) = 1.677 grams
Oxygen (O) = 0.640 grams
Converting the masses to moles:
Fe = 1.677/56 = 0.0299 mol
O = 0.640/16 = 0.0400 mol
Now, let's divide by the smallest mole:
Fe = 0.0299/0.0299 = 1.0
O = 0.0400/0.0299 = 1.3
Thus, the empirical formula of the oxide of iron is FeO.
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How many particles foes 8.0 moles represent?
1 mole of any substance contains 6.023 × 10²³ particles. Therefore, 48.184 particles represents 8.0 moles.
What is mole ?The term mole is defined as the amount of substance in a system which include as many elementary entities as there are atoms present in it. It is denoted by the symbol “mol”. The word mole is coming from the Latin word moles, which means “a mass”.
The mole is also defined as it contain exactly 6.023 × 10²³ elementary entities present in it. 1 mole is exactly equal to the 6.023 × 10²³ elementary entities.
1 mole = 6.023 × 10²³
8 mole = 8 × 6.023 × 10²³
= 48.184 particles
Thus, 1 mole of any substance contains 6.023 × 10²³ particles. Therefore, 48.184 particles represents 8.0 moles.
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The kind of molecular motion that mostly relates to the temperature of a substance is
A) translational motion.
B) rotational motion.
C) vibrational motion.
D) all about equally
The kind of molecular motion that mostly relates to temperature of a substance is : A) translational motion.
What is meant by translational motion?Motion in which all the points of a moving body moves uniformly in the same direction. If object is undergoing translatory motion, we can see that there is no change in the orientation of object. Translatory motion is also called translational motion.
In kinetic theory of gasses, increasing the temperature of a gas increases the average kinetic energy of the molecules, causing an increased motion. This increased motion increases outward pressure of the gas, which an expected result from the ideal gas equation (PV=NkT).
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Paper chromatography is a process used to separate mixtures of substances into their components. The components are carried by a mobile phase through a stationary phase made of absorbent paper. An investigation analyzed a sample of black ink to determine its components.Which property allows the components to separate
Because of its simplicity, comparatively low cost, great sensitivity, and rapid separation, TLC is an extensively used analytical method.
Using a thin stationary phase supported by an inert backing, thin layer chromatography (TLC) is a chromatographic technique used to separate the components of a mixture. It can be carried out on an analytical scale to track the development of a reaction or on a preparative scale to purify minute quantities of a chemical. Similar to all chromatography, TLC works on the premise that a chemical will have varying affinities for the mobile and stationary phases, which will influence how quickly it migrates. TLC aims to produce well-defined, well-separated spots.
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How many moles of H3PO4 form from 9 mol P4O10
According to the given chemical equation and stoichiometry of it , 36 moles of H₃PO₄ are formed from 9 moles of P₄O₁₀.
What is stoichiometry?It is the determination of proportions of elements or compounds in a chemical reaction. The related relations are based on law of conservation of mass and law of combining weights and volumes.
Stoichiometry is used in quantitative analysis for measuring concentrations of substances present in the sample.
As per the reaction, 1 mole of P₄O₁₀ produces 4 moles of H₃PO₄, thus 9 moles of P₄O₁₀ will produce 9×4=36 moles of H₃PO₄.
Thus,36 moles of H₃PO₄ are formed from 9 moles of P₄O₁₀.
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Answer:36
Explanation:
taking the class just got it right
For an arbitrary worm of length L, radius R, and density d, write an equation (using the symbols A and/or B rather than the numbers) that expresses the number of moles of oxygen the worm absorbs per hour and the number of moles the worm uses per hour. How can you tell whether the worm takes in oxygen at a rate fast enough to survive
The number of moles of oxygen a worm absorbs per hour can be calculated using the formula:
A = (LR^2dO2) / (MT)
Where A is the molar flow rate of oxygen, L is the length of the worm, R is the radius of the worm, d is the density of the worm, O2 is the concentration of oxygen in the environment, M is the molar mass of oxygen, and T is the time in hours.
The number of moles of oxygen the worm uses per hour can be calculated using the formula:
B = (k*A)
Where B is the molar flow rate of oxygen used by the worm and k is the rate constant for oxygen consumption.
To determine whether the worm is taking in oxygen at a rate fast enough to survive, we would need to compare the rate of oxygen absorption (A) to the rate of oxygen consumption (B). If A > B, then the worm is absorbing oxygen at a rate that is greater than or equal to the rate at which it is consuming oxygen, and it should be able to survive. If A < B, then the worm is not absorbing oxygen fast enough to sustain its metabolism and it may not survive.
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A gas mixture containing oxygen, nitrogen, and He has a total pressure of 189.9 kPa. If PO2 = 104.6 kPa and PN2 = 13.0 kPa, what is PHe ?
A gas mixture containing oxygen, nitrogen, and He has a total pressure of 189.9 kPa. If PO2 = 104.6 kPa and PN2 = 13.0 kPa, PHe is 72.3 kPa.
What is total pressure ?Static pressure and velocity pressure are added to create total pressure. There is static pressure in a fluid that is not flowing. The pressure required to accelerate air from a zero velocity to a specific velocity that is proportional to the kinetic energy of the air stream is known as velocity pressure.
Consider the friction that exists between a fluid and the interior surface of a pipe. The fluid's density and velocity are used to compute the dynamic pressure: the total pressure in a mixture of ideal gases is the total of the partial pressures of the individual gases.
Total pressure = PO2 + PN2 + PHe
189.9 kPa = 104.6 kPa + 13.0 kPa + PHe
PHe = 72.3 kPa
Thus, A gas mixture containing oxygen, nitrogen, and He has a total pressure of 189.9 kPa. If PO2 = 104.6 kPa and PN2 = 13.0 kPa,PHe is 72.3 kPa.
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The following reaction shows the products when sulfuric acid and aluminum hydroxide react.
2Al(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 6H2O
The table shows the calculated amounts of reactants and products when the reaction was conducted in a laboratory.
What is the approximate amount of the leftover reactant?
11. 73 g of sulfuric acid
10. 33 g of sulfuric acid
11. 12 g of aluminum hydroxide
13. 67 g of aluminum hydroxide
The remaining reactant (Aluminum Hydroxide) weighs approximately 11.73 g.
Hence, Option A is correct.
Al(OH)3 has a molar mass of 78 g.H2SO4 has a molar mass of 98 g.Given:Al(OH)3 mass = 30gH2SO4 mass = 35gAl number of moles (OH)3 = 30/78 =0.385H2SO4 mole number = 35/98 = 0.357The provided reaction states that 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 Al2 (SO4)3 + 6H2OAl, 2 moles (OH)H2SO4 is equal to 3 moles.Al 1 moles (OH)H2SO4 is equal to 3/2 moles.Al 0.385 moles (OH)0.578 moles of H2SO4 are equal to 3 = (3/2) x 0.385 moles of H2SO4.But the amount of H2SO4 is only 0.357 moles.H2SO4 is the limiting reagent as a result.Al(OH)3 is produced when 0.357 moles of H2SO4 react with = 2/3 x 0.357 moles of Al(OH)3.Al(OH)3 leftovers are therefore 0.147 moles (0.385 - 0.238 moles).Al(OH)3 has a molecular weight of 78 g, hence 78 x 0.147 g is one mole.= 11.43 g11.73 g of Al(OH)3 will be left behind as a result.To know more about limiting reagent here
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The photoelectron spectrum for the element nitrogen is represented above. Which of the following best explains how the spectrum is consistent with the electron shell model of the ato
f the atom?
A. The leftmost peak represents the valence electrons.
B. The two peaks at the right represent a total of three electrons.
C. The electrons in the ls sublevel have the smallest binding energy
D. The electrons in the 2p sublevel have the smallest binding energy
The electrons in the 2p sub level have the smallest binding energies, which is the best explanation for how the spectrum is consistent with the electron shell model of the atom. Option D is correct as a result.
Photoemission spectroscopy, often referred to as photoelectron spectroscopy, measures the amount of energy emitted by electrons from solids, gases, or liquids via the photoelectric effect. This procedure involves getting the energy for the electrons from an outside source, such as sunlight.
The photoelectric effect is a process in which electrons receive energy from an external source, such as sunlight, become excited, and transition from the ground state to the excited state. As a result of this process, there is a constant flow of electrons, which in turn causes a flow of energy.
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4. Markeith found several fossils and decided to use Carbon-14,
which has a half-life of 5,730 years, to measure the age. How old is
each rock? Please help
b. A fossil that has 6. 25 % of its carbon atoms still
unstable?
C. A fossil that has 75% of its atoms STABLE?
A fossil that has 6.25% of its carbon atoms is still unstable.
Carbon-14 dating is a method of determining the age of organic material. Measures the amount of carbon-14 (a radioactive isotope of carbon) present in the sample. The half-life of carbon-14 is 5,730 years. This means that after 5,730 years, half of the carbon-14 atoms in the sample have decayed to nitrogen.
If 6.25% of the fossil carbon atoms are unstable, this means that 93.75% of the carbon-14 atoms in the sample have already decayed. To determine the age of a fossil, the following formula can be used:
Age = (half-life x ln(1-(fraction of decayed carbon-14/100))) / ln(2)
Age = ( 5,730 x ln(1 - (93.75/100))) / ln(2)
age = 11,460 years old
c. A fossil in which 75% of the atoms are STABLE.
If 75% of the fossil atoms are STABLE, this means that 25% of the carbon-14 atoms in the sample have decayed. The same formula as above can be used to determine the fossil age. 75 )) / ln(2)
Age = 23,120 years
Please note that these are approximate values, as the actual age of the fossils may be affected by various factors such as contamination, preservation, and measurement error.
Learn more about Radiocarbon dating and Archaeology here: https://brainly.com/question/20847687
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