The plane strain fracture toughness of the polymer is determined using the formula: K_IC = σ√(πa) with given values of σ = 25 MPa and a = 1 mm. By plugging in the values, K_IC is found to be 25√(π * 1) ≈ 44.27 MPa√m.
To determine the plane strain fracture toughness (K_IC) of a polymer with internal flaws of 1 mm in length and a failure stress of 25 MPa, we can use the formula K_IC = σ√(πa), where σ is the applied stress (25 MPa) and a is the crack length (1 mm). Assuming the stress intensity factor (f) is 1, this simplifies the formula to K_IC = 25√(π * 1). Solving for K_IC, we obtain a value of approximately 44.27 MPa√m. This value represents the polymer's ability to resist crack propagation under plane strain conditions, which is a critical property for assessing its structural performance and durability.
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Exfoliation is a process in ______. A. chemical weathering. B. biological weathering. C. mechanical weathering. D. None of these.
The mechanical procedure of peeling is often referred to as exfoliation. Exfoliation is the term used to describe the process whereby rock sheets gradually separate from exposed rocks along fissures.
A description of mechanical weathering is given here:By using mechanical means, rocks and minerals are broken apart. Their chemical make-up does not alter. A big rock mass can be physically weathered into smaller, more easily moved, and more readily eroded pieces. Even enormous rocks frequently break along weak spots in nature. Exfoliation in metamorphic rocks, joints in huge igneous rocks, and bedding planes in sedimentary rocks are a few of the most typical.
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(for a important test!! and use in your own words!!)
In one or two sentences, describe the connection between evaporation and a rainy climate.
Describe the relationship between evaporation and a rainy climate in one or two sentences.
How does evaporation explain itself?A liquid transforms into a gas during evaporation. It is easy to visualize when raindrops "vanish" from puddles on a hot day or when wet clothing dries in the heat. Instead of really dissipating in these situations, the liquid water is evaporating into a gas known as water vapor. Global evaporation takes place.
Why is it called evaporation?Evaporation occurs on surfaces. Because it happens when molecules with more kinetic energy from the top layer of the liquid escape into the air, evaporation is a surface phenomenon.
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What is the mass in grams of 6.022 1023 atoms of 12C?
The mass of 6.022 1023 atoms of 12C is equal to 12 grams.
This is because 12C has an atomic mass of 12, meaning that each atom of 12C has a mass of 12 grams.
This means that 6.022 1023 atoms of 12C would have a total mass of 12 grams.
According to the Avogadro's constant, 6.022 x 1023 atoms of 12C would have a mass of 12 x 6.022 x 1023 grams, which is equal to 72.264 x 1023 grams.
Avogadro's Constant is an important physical constant which states that the same number of particles (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.) have the same mass in a given sample regardless of the nature of the particles.
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Will the R-group on the amino acid Serine (shown below) be able to interact with water (H2O) through a hydrogen bond
Yes , Serine is a polar but neutral amino acids.
Why is serine a polar amino acid?Asparagine, glutamine, threonine, and serine are polar but uncharged amino acids. These side chains tend to project into the aqueous phase because they can create many hydrogen bonds.
If they are buried polar groups, they are hydrogen-bonded to other buried polar groups if they are inside the protein.
Because the hydroxyl groups in serine and threonine's side chains are polar and near to the main chain, they can establish hydrogen bonds with the main chain.
Ser is essentially hydroxy-Ala since it has one -OH group. Because the hydroxyl group on Ser typically does not ionize, it is not charged and is instead neutral in proteins. Ser is the most polar and smallest of the polar amino acids.
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What is the molarity of the solution produced when 85.6 g of hydrochlorie acid
(HCI) is dissolved in sufficient water to prepare 0.385 L of solution?
Answer:
The molarity of the solution is 25.5 M.
To calculate the molarity, we can use the formula: Molarity = (moles of solute/volume of solution). The molar mass of HCl is 36.5 g/mol, so we can calculate the number of moles present in 85.6 g of HCl: 85.6 g HCl/36.5 g/mol = 2.35 mol. We can then plug that value into our formula: Molarity = (2.35 mol/0.385 L) = 25.5 M.
Please help
A gas at a pressure of 1 atm is in a
sealed 1.0 L container. What happens
to the pressure when the
temperature is reduced to half of the
original amount?
The pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature. Hence, as temperature decreases pressure decreases.
What is Gay- Lussacs law?According to Gay- Lussacs law at constant volume, the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature.
Hence, P/T = constant.
Let P1 and T1 be the initial pressure and temperature and P2, T2 be the final quantities, then
P1/T1 = P2/T2
Given P1 = 1 atm
T1 = x ° C
T2 = x/2° C
Then P2 = P1 T2/T1
P2 = 1 × x/2° C / x° C
= 1/2 atm
That is one half of the initial pressure.
Therefore, the pressure of the gas reduces to half when temperature is reduced to half.
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According to the Bohr model of the atom, the single electron of a hydrogen atom circles the nucleus
a. in specific, allowed orbits.
b. in one fixed orbit at all times.
c. at any of an infinite number of distances, depending on its energy.
d. counterclockwise.
According to the Bohr model of the atom, the single electron of a hydrogen atom circles the nucleus is a. in specific, allowed orbits.
The Bohr model of the atom was introduced by the Neil Bohr . According to it :
The electrons revolve around the nucleus which is positively charged , in a circular definite path called as the orbit.The each orbit has a fixed energy .The levels of the energy is represented as integers and called as the quantum numbers.In an atom, the electrons move from the lower energy level to the higher energy level.Thus , According to the Bohr model the single electron of a hydrogen atom circles the nucleus in specific, allowed orbits.
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How do you transcribe and translate amino acids?
To transcribe and translate amino acids, they must first be transcribed from DNA to mRNA, then translated from mRNA to protein.
Transcribing involves the use of an enzyme called RNA polymerase, which reads the DNA sequence and synthesizes a complementary mRNA molecule.
The mRNA molecule is then read by ribosomes, which are responsible for translating the sequence into a sequence of amino acids. This process is called translation, and the resulting sequence of amino acids forms a protein.
The order of the amino acids determines the structure and function of the protein. Transcribing and translating proteins is important for the cell to make proteins that help it to survive and grow.
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draw the major organic product of the bimolecular substitution and use curved‑arrow notation to draw the mechanism. be sure to draw any non‑bonding electrons.
Here, we have to draw the main organic products of a given bimolecular substitution reaction and the curved arrow mechanism of the reaction.
(Answer is attached in the picture)
Substitution reactions involve the replacement of one functional group in a molecule by another functional group. Nucleophilic substitution reactions involve a nucleophilic reagent with a substrate that has a positively or partially positively charged portion of the molecule (electrophile).
An electrophile is an atom or molecule that lacks electrons. In organic reactions, electrophiles act as electron acceptors (Lewis's acids). These reagents can be cations or neutral molecules that have relatively positively charged atoms.
Meanwhile, a nucleophile is an atom or molecule that is rich in electrons. The nucleophile has an electron pair that can be donated (a Lewis base). Some nucleophiles are neutral molecules that have a PEB and some are negatively charged. In a chemical reaction, electrons from the nucleophile strike the electrophile center to form new bonds as a result of the reaction.
On the question:
Use of curved arrows to indicate: A broken or formed bond.
Electron layer protective layer arrow
In the reaction of this problem, I replaced Br (Substitution) and Br bonded with Na⁺.
The nucleophile "replaces" the leaving group.
Called a substitution reaction: I replace Br (change places).
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Fe₂O3 + 3CO=2Fe + 3CO₂ The reaction is carried out by mixing 130g of Fe₂O3 and 50g of CO i.Find the limiting reactant. ii.How much mass of iron is produced? iii.How many number of moles of unreacted reagent is left over? iv.Calculate the volume of CO₂ produced at 25°C and 2atm pressure.
Answer:
Explanation:
i. To find the limiting reactant, we need to compare the number of moles of each reactant that we have. We can convert the mass of Fe2O3 and CO to moles by using their molar masses.
Fe2O3: 130g / (159.69 g/mol) = 0.817 mol
CO: 50g / (28.01 g/mol) = 1.78 mol
Since we have less moles of Fe2O3 than CO, Fe2O3 is the limiting reactant.
ii. To find the mass of iron produced, we first need to find the number of moles of Fe2O3 that react by using the balanced equation.
Fe2O3: 0.817 mol Fe2O3 x (2 mol Fe/1 mol Fe2O3) = 1.634 mol Fe.
then we can convert that to mass by using the molar mass of Fe.
1.634 mol Fe x (56 g/mol) = 91.984 g of Fe
iii. To find the number of moles of unreacted reagent, we need to subtract the number of moles of Fe2O3 that reacted from the original number of moles of Fe2O3 that we had.
0.817 mol - 0.817 mol = 0 mol of Fe2O3 left over.
iv. To find the volume of CO2 produced, we need to use the ideal gas law PV = nRT.
Where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant and T is the temperature in kelvin.
Since we know the number of moles of CO2 produced is 1.634 mol and pressure and temperature in the question.
So, we can calculate the volume by using this information.
V = (1.634 mol * 8.314 J/mol*K * (25+273.15) K) / 2atm = 24.24 L
So, 24.24 L of CO2 is produced at 25°C and 2atm pressure.
Enter the electron configuration for Ne. Use the buttons at the top of the tool to add orbitals. Click within the orbital to add electrons
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p 4d 4f
5s 5p 5d 5f 6s 6p 6d 7s 7p 7d
Electron configuration for Ne is [tex]$1 s^2 2 s^2 2 p^6$[/tex].
What is electronic configuration?The arrangement of an element's atoms and electrons among various atomic orbitals is symbolically represented by the electronic configuration of that element.
In the electronic configuration, electrons are dispersed throughout an atom's several energy levels, or "shells," including the K shell, L shell, M shell, and N shell, among others.
All electron-containing atomic subshells are placed in a particular order according to the conventional nomenclature for atomic electron configurations.
Protons, neutrons, and electrons are the three main subatomic particles found in an atom.
With a total of 10 electrons, neon is the tenth element. The initial two electrons in the electron configuration for neon will be in the 1s orbital. The following two electrons for Ne enter the 2s orbital since 1s can only hold two electrons. Six additional electrons will enter the 2p orbital.
Therefore the Ne electron configuration will be
[tex]$1 s^2 2 s^2 2 p^6$[/tex]
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draw the lewis structure of sf4 showing all lone pairs
The Lewis structure of SF4 consists of one sulfur (S) atom and four fluorine (F) atoms.
Sulphur (S) is in the center and the fluorine (F) atoms are circled .
The Lewis structure of SF4 contains 13 lone pairs and 4 bonding pairs.
Note that in the Lewis structure, the lone pairs are represented by dots and the bonding pairs are simply, double or triple.
So there are 4 bonding pairs in the Lewis structure of SF4, which means there are 8 bonding electrons and 13 lone pairs (1 on the central atom + 3 on each fluoride atom).
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Given the following equation:
2 AgNO3 + CaCl2 --> 2 AgCl(s) + Ca(NO3)2
What is the net ionic equation:
A. Ca2+ + 2 Cl- --> CaCl2
B. Ag+ + NO3- --> AgNO3
C. Ca2+ + 2 NO3- --> Ca(NO3)2
D. Ag+ + Cl- --> AgCl
The net ionic equation is: D. Ag+ + Cl- --> AgCl
What is the chemical formula for the product formed from CaCl2 ?The chemical formula for the product formed from CaCl2 in the equation 2 AgNO3 + CaCl2 --> 2 AgCl(s) + Ca(NO3)2 is Ca(NO3)2. This is a compound that consists of one calcium ion (Ca2+) and two nitrate ions (NO3-). It is a salt of calcium and nitric acid. It is a white crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and is commonly used as a fertiliser. It is also sometimes used in the laboratory as a source of calcium ions in experiments. Overall, it is a product formed by the combination of two substances: calcium chloride and nitric acid.
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Arrange the following bonds in order of INCREASING bond strength. (Note: SMALLEST BOND STRENGTH FIRST. LARGEST BOND STRENGTH LAST)
A. C-I
B. C-F
C. C-Br
D. C-I
E. Bond strengths are equal.
The fluorine atom's high electronegativity (4.0 vs. 2.5 for carbon) provides the carbon-fluorine bond a sizable polarity/dipole moment.
How would one define electronegativity?A measure of an organism's ability to draw electron pairs to itself is its electronegativity. On the chemical elements, electronegativity typically rises from left to right over a period and falls from top to bottom within a group.
Why is high electronegativity a good thing?An indicator of an atom's attraction to the electron in a condensation reaction is its electronegativity. An atom will be more attracted to bonding electrons the higher its electronegativity.
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When rutherford did the gold foil experiment where most of the particles went through the foil and a few were deflected, how did the model of the atom change?
Only a small percentage of the particles have been seen to be deflected, while the majority have passed through the layer. Rutherford concluded as a result that an atom's mass was concentrated at its centre.
What happened to most of the particles that Rutherford shot at the sheet of gold foil?With his gold-foil experiment, physicist Ernest Rutherford developed the nuclear theory of the atom. When he shot a stream of alpha particles at a sheet of gold foil, a few of the particles were deflected. He determined that the deflections were being caused by a small, compact nucleus.Because the majority of the atom's space is unoccupied, the majority of alpha particles flowed through the gold foil without being deflected.The positive-charged alpha particles struck a piece of gold foil. Most alpha particles passed through unharmed. This demonstrated that the gold atoms primarily consisted of empty space.The majority of an atom is empty space, with a small, dense, positively-charged nucleus, as demonstrated by Rutherford's gold foil experiment. Rutherford suggested the nuclear model in response to these findings.To learn more about Rutherford refer to:
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To balance a chemical equation, it is permissible to adjust the: _________
To balance a chemical equation, it is permissible to adjust the: coefficients.
What is a chemical reaction?Chemical reaction is the process by which one or more compounds, known as reactants, change into one or more new ones, known as products.In a chemical reaction, bonds within reactant molecules are broken and new bonds are established within product molecules to create a new material.A chemical reaction happens when one or more chemicals, referred to as reactants, are transformed into one or more unique substances, referred to as products.In a chemical reaction, the atoms or groups of atoms of the reacting substances' chemical bonds are broken, and the atoms are rearranged to form new bonds and new substances.To learn more about chemical reaction refer to:
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What does the object below model?
Answer:
A.Atoms in a molecule or electronic circuit
Where are most proteins absorbed in the digestive tract?
Most proteins absorbed in the digestive tract in duodenum or proximal jejunum of the small intestine.
The digestive system is a process carried out by the digestive organ system to process food so that its nutrients can be absorbed by the body and converted into energy. The digestive tract consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus.
The small intestine is a long tube that has villi on its walls. The small intestine consists of three parts namely the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. In the wall of the small intestine there is a mucosa that produces juice containing enzymes. Enzymes function to digest complex materials into simpler ones, then the results of the digestion are completed and absorbed by the villi in the duodenum or proximal jejunum.
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Write the chemical equation that the diagram
represents.
In the given diagram, the first atom contains one valence electron and the second have 7 valence electrons. The first atom donates the one electron to the second atom and both achieve octet and forms and ionic compound.
What are ionic compounds?Ionic compounds are formed between a metal and non-metal. Metals are rich in electrons and easily loss one or more electrons to other atoms. Non-metals are electron deficient and can gain electron from metals. These electron loss and gain between atoms forms the ionic bond between them.
In the diagram the first atom contains total 11 electron of which one is valence electron. By donating this extra electron the atom can achieve octet. The second one contains total 17 electrons of which 7 are valence electrons, thus need one more electron to attain octet.
The first atom represents sodium atom and the second one is chlorine atom. Sodium donates its valence electron to Cl and form the ionic compound NaCl.
Na⁺ + Cl⁻ ⇒ NaCl
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What is an indicator that a chemical change has occurred? a change in energy a change in shape the presence of solubility in water the presence of a melting point.
A chemical change has taken place an adjustment in energy.A chemical reaction can be detected by bubbling, a change in color, a change in smell, the production of a precipitate, and heat.
Which sign most strongly shows that a chemical shift is occurring?A change in color and the appearance of bubbles are two examples of chemical changes' symptoms. The five requirements for chemical change are: color change, precipitate or gas production, gas formation, odor change, and temperature change.Changes in color, temperature changes, the creation of gases, and the formation of solid precipitates are all indications that chemical reactions have taken place.A chemical reaction can be detected by bubbling, a change in color, a change in smell, the production of a precipitate, and heat.To learn more about chemical change refer to:
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A cancer patient needs to increase his ascorbic acid (C6 H8 O6) intake to fight cancer cells.
A) How many moles of ascorbic acid does he need to complete the doctor's prescription of 13.00g of intravenous ascorbic acid everyday for one mol.
B) How many molecules of ascorbic acid does he need everyday to fight the cancer?
C) Aspartame (C14 H18 N2 O5) is a synthetic table sugar substitute used in food & drinks. If a food product needs 0.25g of C14 H18 N2 O5, to sweeten the 2 vennie cupcake, and you ate this product, how many molecules of aspartame have you eaten?
0.073 moles of ascorbic acid are needed to complete the prescription.0.4445×10²³ molecules are required .0.0014 molecules of aspartame are eaten.
What is a mole?Mole is defined as the unit of amount of substance . It is the quantity measure of amount of substance of how many elementary particles are present in a given substance.
It is defined as exactly 6.022×10²³ elementary entities. The elementary entity can be a molecule, atom ion depending on the type of substance. Amount of elementary entities in a mole is called as Avogadro's number.
It is widely used in chemistry as a suitable way for expressing amounts of reactants and products.For the practical purposes, mass of one mole of compound in grams is approximately equal to mass of one molecule of compound measured in Daltons.
For 1st part, as 1 mole=176.14 g , thus, 13 g=13×1/176.14=0.073 moles, for 2 nd part, as 1 mole=6.023×10²³ molecules, 0.073 moles=0.073×6.023×10²³=0.4445×10²³ molecules, for 3 rd part, 1 molecule=176.14 g , thus 0.25 g = 0.25/176.14=0.0014 molecules.
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The SI units for measuring the acceleration of the car:
Answer:
Accelerometer
Explanation:
Accelerometer are use to measure Acceleration
Calculate the number of molecules in 0.00236 mole of NaOH.
explain how you got your answer pls.
Mole measure the number of elementary entities of a given substance that are present in a given sample. Therefore, 1.42×10²¹ molecules are in 0.00236 mole of NaOH.
What is mole?The SI unit of amount of substance in chemistry is mole. The mole is used to measure the quantity of amount of substance. It measure the number of elementary entities of a given substance that are present in a given sample. There are so many formula for calculating mole. We know one mole of any element contains 6.022×10²³ atoms which is also called Avogadro number
number of atoms/molecules=number of moles × 6.022×10²³(Avogadro number)
number of moles of NaOH=0.00236 mole
Substituting all the given values in the above equation, we get
number of atoms/molecules=0.00236 × 6.022×10²³
number of atoms/molecules=1.42×10²¹ molecules
Therefore, 1.42×10²¹ molecules are in 0.00236 mole of NaOH.
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Why is the temperature of the liquid in the flask on the previous page measured when the liquid in the thermometer has stopped rising?.
The temperature of the liquid in the flask on the previous page measured when the liquid in the thermometer has stopped rising to measure confirmed or fixed temperature.
When the liquid in the flask is heated, its temperature rises, and when a thermometer is inserted into the flask to gauge the liquid's temperature, the liquid within the thermometer also begins to warm up.
The temperature of the liquid rises as a result of heat being transferred from a high temperature to a low temperature until the temperatures are equal. Therefore, when the liquid stops rising, both are at the same temperature, and this is how the liquid in the flask is being measured.
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Record the mass show on each balance. Remember to include both the value on the beams and the unit of measurement.
A tick marks between both the boldface values on this beam denote tenths of grams, while the bolded text numbers in this beam are in grams.Simply sum the figures from of the three beams to determine the object's mass that is resting on the pan.
By utilizing a beam balance, how can one determine an object's mass?To keep a beam horizontal for just a beam balance, a body with gravitational mass m1 and a standard weight pf m2 are placed in the left and right pans, respectively. If a1 = a2, then m1 = m2, and vice versa.
Can you two configurations weight disparate things on the beam?Yes, it is possible to achieve equilibrium between the two masses by bringing the midway (balancing point) closer to a heavier object or closer to the center of gravity.
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The concentration of a potassium manganate(VII) solution (KMnO4) is 10 g /l . What is the concentration of this solution in molarity?
Answer: 0.06 M
Explanation:
The definition of molarity is:
Molarity (M) = moles (mol) /liters (l)
Step 1: Convert grams of KMnO₄ to moles of KMnO₄.
10 g KMnO₄ x (1 mol KMnO₄/158.03 g KMnO₄) = 0.06328 mol KMnO₄
Step 2: Place the values of moles and liter into the definition of molarity.
M = mol/L
M = 0.06328 mol/1 L
Divide 0.06328 by 1
M = 0.06328
M = 0.06 to correct number of significant figures
Given the following equation: 2 KCIO3 → 2 KCl +30₂
2. How many moles of O₂ can be produced by letting 9 moles of KCIO3 react?
The balanced equation tells us that we get 3 moles of O2 for every 9 moles of KClO3.we'll get (9/2)*3(m.0) moles O2 or 13.5 moles of O2.
How to calculate moles in a chemical reaction?
A mole is the mass of a substance made up of the same number of fundamental components. Atoms in a 12 gram example are identical to 12C. Depending on the substance, the fundamental units may be molecules, atoms, or formula units.
A mole fraction shows how many chemical elements are present. The value of 6.023 x 1023 is equal to one mole of any substance (Avagadro number). It can be used to quantify the chemical reaction's by-products. The symbol for the unit is mol.
The number of moles formula is denoted by the following expression.
Mass of material / Mass of one mole equals the number of moles.
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Car 1 of mass m1 is waiting at a traffic light. Car 1 is struck from behind by car 2 of mass m2. The two cars stick together after the collision. Car 2 was traveling at v2i = 30. 0 m/s before the collision.
Car 1 of mass m1 is waiting at a traffic light. Car 1 is struck from behind by car 2 of mass m2. The two cars stick together after the collision. Car 2 was traveling at v2i = 30. 0 m/s before the collision. The kinetic energy of the system after the collision would be 128.5 KJ.
Describe momentum.It is the combined effect of a particle's mass and speed, and it can be described as the product of these two quantities. Any particle's momentum is given in kilograms per second (Kg/s).
Car 1 of mass m1 is waiting at a traffic light, as stated in the problem.
Car 2 of mass m2 collides with Car 1 from behind. After the crash, the two cars stay joined. Car 2 was moving at a speed of 30.0 m/s when it collided with Car 1.
Using the principle of momentum conservation
2500(0) + 1000(30) = (2500 + 1000)v
v = 8.57 m/s
The system's calculated final velocity is 8.57 m/s.
the system's kinetic energy following the collision,
KE = 1/2 mv²
KE =1/2×(2500 + 1000)×8.57² = 128,571.4
= 128.5 KJ
As a result, the system's kinetic energy following the collision would be 128.5 KJ.
Your question is incomplete but most probably your full question was
Car 1 of mass m1 is waiting at a traffic light.
Car 1 is struck from behind by Car 2 of mass m2.
The two cars stick together after the collision.
Car 2 was traveling at v2i = 30.0 m/s before the collision.
What is the kinetic, in [J], of the system after the collision if m1 = 2500 kg and m2 = 1000 kg?
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The beta emissions from a boat that was found buried in a cave indicate that there are 4.6 carbon 14 decays per gram of carbon per minute a chicken bone from a fast food restaurant shows 18.4 emissions for a gram of carbon per minute how old is the bond from the cave
Someone help asap!!!
By beta emission, nitrogen is produced as carbon-14 decays. A particle is actually a rapidly moving electron with no mass and a net negative charge.
What comprises an electron?Unattached or attached to an atom, an electron is a negatively charged subatomic particle (not bound). One of the three main types of particles inside an atom, along with protons and neutrons, is an electron that is linked to the atom.
What's another name for the electron?The term "electrons" now refers to these negatively charged cathode ray particles. Negatively charged electrons are incredibly light particles. The total amount of protons and neutrons makes up an atom's mass. While neutrons are neutral particles, protons are positively charged.
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PLEASE HELP QUICKLY WITH A CORRECT ANSWER
Answer: The answer is the trees roots and trunk are growing in responsive to gravity
Explanation: Gravity cant pull the roots of the tree upward causing the roots of the tree to grow straight within its height.