a. Translate the argument provided in this prompt into formal logic and then use the truth-tree decision procedure (relying on Proof Tools or pencil/pen and paper) to determine whether the argument is deductively valid or invalid (entailment / non-entailment).
b. If the argument is invalid (a case of non-entailment), determine an assignment of truth values (interpretation) to the propositional letters that would show the argument to be invalid (non-entailment).
Answers
Answer:
Follows are the solution to the given question:
Explanation:
Please find the correct question in the attached file.
[tex]\\ \text{ Premise 1:} \exists y Lby \\ \text{ Premise 2: }\exists x Lxb \\ \text{ Conclusion: } Lbb[/tex]
2.
Build a real tree with the premises and reject the end.
[tex](\exists y)Lby \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Premise 1 \\\\(\exists x)Lxb \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Premise 2 \\\\ \sim Lbb \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Conclusion \ \ rejection\\\\ Lba \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 1 \exists D \\\\ Lcb \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 2 \exists D\\\[/tex]
The statement is INVALID because the tree is not shut down (because a branch is open)
3.
From the given model:
[tex]Domain={a,b,c}\\Ext(L)={ (b,a), (c,b)}[/tex]
Related Questions
briefly explain the main constraints on effective policy evaluations identified by Anderson (1984: 139-143; see Study Unit 3 and the prescribed book sections 9.6 and 9.7 pp. 291-292). Then propose your own solutions to these constraints or problems
Answers
A. The main constraints on effective policy evaluations identified by Anderson (1984: 139-143) include the following:
Lack of bilingual teacher trainingLack of full administrative supportFailure to use the vernacularXenophobia.Using rules and regulations that impede greater success.B. The proposed solutions to these constraints must ensure:
Employment of bilingual teachers.The needed administrative support is always provided.Learners are encouraged to use their vernacular languages.Learners are taught to embrace multi-culturalism.Rules and regulations are sparingly applied.What is policy evaluation?Policy evaluation is the measurement of the results achieved from a policy.
A policy evaluation may be followed to achieve results using any of the following types:
Process Evaluation.Outcome Evaluation.Impact Evaluation.Cost-Benefit EvaluationHowever, every policy evaluation method should aim to abide by SMART principles. SMART principles involve evaluation methods that are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound.
Learn more about SMART principles at https://brainly.com/question/1455505
Make Predications When consumers choose not to
purchase a good, what is one likely response by
the producer of that good?
A. lower the price of the good
B. return the price of the good to an earlier level
C. keep the price of the good at the current level
D. raise the price of the good
Answers
Answer:
option A
Explanation:
hope it helps.
what are two differences between a US state and a u.s. territory
Answers
Answer:
A us territory does not get representation in the us congress and does not vote in the presidential election while states do.
Answer:
US states are directly administered by state governments, while US territories are administered by the federal government
Jenny skips breakfast to attend an important meeting and is extremely hungry well ahead of lunch time. One of her goals at lunch is to eat a big and delicious turkey sandwich. This is an example of a(n) _____.
Answers
The goal to eat a big and delicious turkey sandwich is simply known as motivation.
What is motivation?Motivation simply means the desire for an individual to achieve a particular goal.
In this case, Jenny skips breakfast to attend an important meeting and is extremely hungry well ahead of lunch time and one of her goals at lunch is to eat a big and delicious turkey sandwich. This is her desire which is a motivating factor.
Learn more about motivation on:
https://brainly.com/question/11871721
a. Identify the constitutional clause that is common to both Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) and Oregon v. Smith (1989).
b. Based on the constitutional clause identified in part A, explain why the facts of Wisconsin v. Yoder led to a different holding than the holding in Oregon v. Smith.
c. Describe an action that members of the state legislature could take if they disagreed with the decision in Oregon v. Smith.
Answers
Answer:
both cases dealt with the Free Exercise clause of the 1st amendmen
Explanation:
A tropical area has a drought (lower than normal rainfall) for 10 years in a row. Insects that have adaptations for dry conditions now have a larger population size than other insects. Which of the following statements best explains the increase in the population of the insects?
a. Diversity of insects increased due to the dry conditions
b. Insects with adaptations for dry conditions have migrated out of the region
c. Natural selection has favored insect species with adaptations for dry conditions
d. Natural selection has selected against insect species that are adapted for dry conditions
Answers
Answer:
c
Explanation:
Which term describes the rights that are necessary for people to enjoy their lives?
Answers
Answer:
fundamental is the answer.
Have your actions ever been judged inaccurately by a person such as a boss, a peer, or a family member?
Answers
Which of these men did the most to fight the U.S. government policy of Indian
removal?
Answers
road transportation is the best means of transportation in the context of Nepal justify
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Yes, road transportation is the best means of transportation in Nepal because as we know Nepal is a landlocked country and Nepal does not have direct access to the sea and does not have a sea route. Hence, road transportation is the best means of transportation in the context of Nepal.
Jasmine and Cynthia have been friends for over 10 years. Although they have had a few disagreements, they are always open with each other and speak their minds without attacking. Jasmine often thanks Cynthia for being such a good friend. When Jasmine lost her cat, Cynthia helped her look for it and comforted her. Cynthia had a new romantic interest, Caleb, whom Jasmine was interested in as well. Without Jasmine knowing, Cynthia began talking to Caleb. She pointed out Jasmine's shortcomings to Caleb in a bid to avert his focus from her. When Jasmine found out, she was upset and could not get over it. As a result their friendship suffered. What best describes what went wrong in the friendship
Answers
Answer:
Cynthia wasn't trustworthy and reliable, Cynthia wasn't forgiven by Jasmine, but mostly Cynthia won't apologize.
Explanation:
According to the above paragraph, Cynthia wasn't even trustworthy or faithful. It can be used when Cynthia started speaking to Celeb, pointing out the shortcomings of Jasmine. Jasmine would never forgive Cynthia, although whenever she came to knowledge concerning the incident, her confidence was broken through friendship. Once more when Jasmine seemed angry, Cynthia neither apologize for her mistake as well as their relationship weakened and separated.Where were the salt bearing areas located
Answers
PLZ HELP
Does The Bill of Rights emphasizes civil liberties and personal freedom. It is the lasting legacy of the Anti-Federalists.
Answers
Answer:
Yes, because
First Amendment: The first of ten amendments to the constitution of the United States, which protects freedom of religion, speech, assembly, and the press.
civil liberties: Civil rights and freedoms such as the freedom from enslavement, freedom from torture and right to a fair trial.
and also, yes, because
Loomed on the unresolved political agenda of the national Congress and the adoption of the Bill of Rights (the first ten amendments to the Constitution) is a legacy of the victory-in-defeat of Antifederalists.
plz mark brainliest
discriminacion social
Answers
Discrimination is the act of making unjustified distinctions between human beings based on the groups, classes, or other categories to which they are perceived to belong.
1. What’s work?
2.Mention two types of work ?
Answers
Answer:
1. Work is activity involving mental or physical effort done in order to achieve a purpose or result.
2. Positive work and Negative work.
Explanation:
1. Work is defined as a force causing the movement—or displacement—of an object. In the case of a constant force, work is the scalar product of the force acting on an object and the displacement caused by that force.
2. Positive work is when the force and the displacement are in the same direction and Negative work is when the force and the displacement are in the opposite direction.
Which of the following is not a responsibility of U.S. citizens?
Answers
Answer:
I think option A
Explanation:
A student in your third grade classroom has selected a text to read independently. Her reading fluency with this text is 72 correct words per minute. What is the best instructional response?
a. Help the student select a less complex text to read.
b. Help the student select a more complex text to read.
c. Tell the student that the text is a good fit for her independent reading.
d. Assign her a reading partner so that they can read the text together.
Answers
the answer is b. Help the student select a more complex text to read .
How many sumer temple?
Answers
WUT?? IS A SUMER TEMPLE!!!!!
GO CHK GOOGLE
Answer:
There could be upwards of seven. But just seven per area.
Explanation:
There would be one for every sumerian god and there are seven sumerian gods. Then theres the facts that they would build them in different areas too.
please helppppp
If an Internet forum is private, no one else can actually access it.
A. True
B. False
Answers
Answer:
Yes.
Explanation:
This is true since its a private forum, only you are able to access it.
Hopefully this helps! :))
Answer:
its false
Explanation:
i did it on edge
Sort these events in the order in which they occurred.
Jesus began His public ministry.
The heavens opened.
The voice of God spoke from heaven, approving Jesus.
The Holy Spirit descended in the form of a dove.
John baptized Jesus in the Jordan River.
John baptized repenting sinners.
Jesus went to John to be baptized.
John was confused by Jesus' request to be baptized
Answers
Answer:
1. John baptized repenting sinners. 2. Jesus went to John to be baptized. 3. John was confused by Jesus' request to be baptized. 4. John baptized Jesus in the Jordan River. 5. The heavens opened. 6.The Holy Spirit descended in the form of a dove. 7. The voice of God spoke from heaven, approving Jesus. 8. Jesus began His public ministry.
Explanation:
hope this helps! :)
what is the formation of district court?
Answers
Answer:
Unlike the U.S. Supreme Court, which was established by Article III of the Constitution, the district courts were established by Congress under the Judiciary Act of 1789. There is no constitutional requirement that district courts exist at all.
Explanation:
..
How did Greek
literature impact later periods in history
Answers
Answer:
Greek literature is the reason why some English words exist today. Greek roots have been used multiple times throughout history. A lot of the words we use now may be made of Greek roots. Who knows, I have probably said one already!
Why was World War I called the "Great War" when it was happening?
Answers
Answer:
WWII hadn’t happened yet.
Explanation:
It’s still called the Great War in some parts of Europe but back then it was easily the largest war to ever take place in human history.
Which of the following climate types is located between lines A and B on the map above?
A. continental
B. moderate
C. polar
D. tropical
Answers
Answer:
Which of the following climate types is located between lines A and B on the map above?
Explanation:
i don't see the map a both
What was the hiker's average velocity during part C of the hike?
Answers
HELP NEED THIS TODAY PLEASE
Answers
Answer:
grg
Explanation:
reeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
list two ways that plant helps animals( how animals depend on plant)
Answers
Answer:
Your answer is: 1) They give animals a place to stay, rest, and/or shelter. 2) They also provide food to some animals for example rabbits (wild ones) they eat weeds, grasses, clover, wildflowers, and flower and vegetable plants.
Explanation:
Hope this helped : )
Which empire lasted only one hundred years, and which lasted almost three hundred years? The Aryan Empire lasted one hundred years, while the Mauryan Empire lasted three hundred. The Gupta Empire lasted one hundred years, while the Aryan Empire lasted three hundred. The Gupta Empire lasted one hundred years, while the Mauryan Empire lasted three hundred. The Mauryan Empire lasted one hundred years, while the Gupta Empire lasted three hundred.
Answers
The Gupta Empire lasted one hundred years, while the Aryan Empire lasted three hundred.
What is the Aryan and Gupta empire?The Aryan empire are
The true statement above is that the Mauryan Empire lasted one hundred years, while the Gupta Empire lasted three hundred.
Which empire lasted longer?The Gupta empire, is known to be one of the most ancient empires that was said to have fell due to its own issues or internal conflict. It was one that lasted longer than the Mauryan.
Conclusively, The Mauryan Empire did not last forever, and it lasted from 322-185 BCE while the Gupta lasted from 320-550 CE.
Learn more about Gupta empire from
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Define the different classifications of people living within the U.S.
Answers
upper, upper-middle, middle, working and lower. these five class labels are representative of the general approach used in popular language and by researchers. i hope this helps!! <3
What did Columbus name the island where he and his first crew landed? O Haiti O the Bahamas Hispaniola O Cuba
Answers
Answer:
Hispaniola
Explanation:
On the very first voyage, Christopher Columbus traveled from Spain through the sea route to reach Asia. Post two months of his voyage, he lands on an island called 'Hispaniola' along with his crew for a stay. This island was renamed by Columbus as "La Española" which expresses the meaning 'little or tiny form of Spain,' It is presently known as 'The Dominican Republic' today after the 'treaty of Basal.'