according to economics in one lesson, who mostly bore the risks of fluctuating farm prices at that time?

Esmeralda's promise is not enforceable because society does not want gifts cheapened by making them legally enforceable because society does not want gifts cheapened by making them legally enforceable.

A legally enforceable contract means that you can keep the promise of the other party. If the other party fails or refuses to meet its obligations, the contract can be fulfilled in accordance with the law.

A non-enforceable contract or transaction is valid but not enforced by the court. Unenforceable is typically used in conflict with void (or void ab initio) and voidable. If the parties implement the agreement, it is valid, otherwise, the court will not enforce them.

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Constant, tests of whether the variable does indeed affect that outcome, is known as  a. descriptive research.

Descriptive research studies use surveys to collect data on various topics. These data are intended to know to what extent different conditions are obtained in these subjects. For example, a researcher wants to determine the qualifications of professionals employed in Maryland.

Descriptive research methods focus primarily on describing the nature of demographic segments without focusing on the 'why' of any particular phenomenon. In other words, it 'explains' the subject of the study without explaining 'why' it is happening.

The purpose of descriptive research is to describe phenomena and their properties. This research is more concerned with what happened than how or why it happened. As such, we often collect data using observations and survey tools.

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Their net equity in the property is $83,000.

Equity represents the price that might be back to a agency's shareholders if all the property had been liquidated and all the employer's money owed were paid off. We can also think of equity as a degree of residual ownership in a firm or asset after subtracting all money owed associated with that asset.

The time period refers to fairness and justice and is prominent from equality: while equality method imparting the equal to all, fairness approach recognizing that we do not all start from the equal location and must well known and make adjustments to imbalances.

Disclaimer:-your question is incomplete, please refer below for complete question.

A.$83,000

B. $148,000

C. $213,000

D. $480,000

The correct answer is option A.

To calculate equity,

subtract outstanding liens and estimated selling costs from the currently appraised value of the home as property.

⇒ ($545,000 − $397,000 − $65,000

⇒ $83,000).

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The correct answer is $25,000.

Direct labor cost = $20,000

Overhead application rate = 125% of direct labor cost

Overhead applied =20000 * 125% = $25,000

Direct labor refers back to the salaries and wages paid to people that can be once attributed to unique products or services. It includes the price of regular operating hours, extra time hours labored, payroll taxes, unemployment tax, Medicare, employment insurance, and so forth.

A direct exertions fee is calculated actually by using dividing the predicted total hard work price by using the overall direct exertions hours. For example, if the charge is for a Machinist stage I, the enterprise would calculate the mixture of wages plus taxes and fringe advantages the business enterprise pays for this hard work class over the following yr.

Once you have got the entire value, the direct labor fee is calculated by means of dividing that dollar quantity by way of the whole hours of labor calculated in advance. The end result is the direct exertions cost consistent with the hour for the production of that product or the shipping of that service.

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It should be noted that Student financial aid can be awarded in

the form of:

Student financial aids serves as the financial assistance that is been offered to students by government to support their academic goals so as to be able to help them to achieve their goals.

It should be noted that Student financial aid can be awarded in

the form of Grants as well as Work-study which will allow the student to make a little money to support his academics bills.

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Product warranties, effects of environmental problems, and lawsuits are examples of transactions or events that give rise to Contingency.

Although contingencies can be planned for, it is often impossible to predict the kind and breadth of such unfavorable events in advance. Businesses and investors conduct analyses and put defensive measures into place to prepare for potential possibilities.

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A duty that a principal owes to pay an agreed-upon amount to the agent either upon the completion of the agency or at some other mutually agreeable time is known as a principal's duty to compensate.

An agency connection may be complimentary or compensated. The principal is required to pay the agent reasonable compensation if the conditions of compensation are not specified in the agency agreement.

The main duty owed to the principal are-

Therefore, unless the agent has decided to act for free or gratuitously, the principal must pay the agent.

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The proposition that increases in the government budget deficit has no effect on aggregate demand is called the Ricardian Equivalence Theorem.

The hypothesis contends that consumers will save because they anticipate paying higher taxes in the future to reduce the debt, which will counteract the rise in aggregate demand brought on by higher government spending.

Therefore, The proposition that increases in the government budget deficit has no effect on aggregate demand is called the Ricardian Equivalence Theorem.

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Components of aggregate demand in a closed economy are consumption(C), investment(I), and government expenditure(G).

So, AD = C + I + G

And consumption is a function of disposable income(Yd) which means

C = C1 + b(Yd)

Where disposable income Yd = (Y - T ). So, disposable income is the remaining income after paying the tax to the government.

So, the AD = C1 + b(Y - T) + I + G. For simplicity we can consider investment and government expenditure as constant.

At equilibrium Y = AD so, Y = C1 + b(Y - T) + I + G.

At period 0, when tax increases ΔT amount then it will decrease consumption at b* ΔT amount. So for any given level of Y, planned expenditure is now lower than income. So initially equilibrium Y decreases by b* ΔT amount. In period 1 this change in income will decrease the consumption at a rate of b(b* ΔT) amount. So Y also decreases by amount b2 * ΔT amount and so on.

So the total change in Y is = b* ΔT + b2 * ΔT + .....

                                           = b* ΔT ( 1 + b + b2  + .....)

                                           = b* ΔT [ 1/ (1- b)]

So, ΔY = b* ΔT [ 1/ (1- b)]

or, ΔY/ ΔT = b / (1-b)

So even if tax is not a direct component of aggregate demand it has a multiplier effect on income. If tax decreases then it will increase disposable income and so as the consumption. An increase in consumption has a positive effect on income in that period and that increased income has a positive effect on consumption in the next period and so as the income. This process will go on.

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Business process represents a set of tasks or activities that produce desired outcomes. A business process is a series of steps taken by a group of stakeholders to accomplish a specific goal. Each step of a business process represents a task assigned to a participant.

It serves as the foundation for several related concepts such as business process management, process automation, and so on. Business process management (BPM) is a systematic approach to improving processes that assists organizations in meeting their business objectives. If a company is unable to perform certain business activities internally due to cost or resource constraints, it may turn to business process outsourcing.

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Economic models often simplify the real world by holding all things equal and changing one variable to determine the impact of the change. The "all things equal" assumption is also known as ceteries paribus.

An economic model is a simplified version of reality that lets us to look at, recognize, and make predictions about economic behavior. The purpose of a model is to take a complex, real-global situation and pare it down to the essentials.

An economic model is a simplified description of reality, designed to yield hypotheses about economic behavior that can be tested. A critical characteristic of an economic model is that it's far always subjective in layout due to the fact there are no goal measures of financial consequences.

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The method of GDP calculation that looks at the profits earned by business owners and the money paid for factors of production is the Income approach.

With the income method, the total amount that was paid for to access the factors of production is looked at.

This shows how much spending happened in the economy. The profits of entrepreneurs is also looked at as it is income earned, and not money spent on production.

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If a business predicts that its gross margins are going to be low they can try to increase sales and alternatively they can cut the other costs to have a positive net profit margin.

Gross Profit Margin is the percentage of the Gross Profit as compared to Revenue, Gross profit is calculated as the revenue deduct cost of goods sold.

The sales can be increased by excessive marketing of the product and the cost of admin, finance cost and other irrelevant costs can be cut down to have a positive net profit margin.

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Answer:

The consumer buying process begins when consumer recognize that they an unsatisfied need.

The form of feasibility that incorporates both physical and mental integration of the design work system during job completion is technical.

Operations management basically has to do with the efficiency of an organization in terms of its product and service offerings. It also include planning, managing and supervising in an organization.

It is to be noted that the goal of operations management is to maximize efficiency while producing goods and services that effectively fulfill customer needs

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This strategy will not result in a company that is one of the best performers in the industry if the company's management team does not meet the brand's cost per pair sold.

Corresponds to the process of lower pricing than that performed by competitors, so that there is an increase in demand and market positioning.

It corresponds to a generic marketing strategy that is applied to obtain economies of scale as production increases, which generates a reduction in unit production costs through the efficient use of production factors, generating an operational advantage.

Therefore, it is necessary for the company to compensate the low price for the manufacturing cost, which gives it economies of scale that make the low cost strategy effective.

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In the given case where Threadless allows customers to submit their own designs and to vote on which designs they would like to see printed on a T-shirt. This business uses a crowdsourcing technique.

Crowdsourcing is the process of gathering data, viewpoints, or creative output from a large number of individuals, typically online.

Through the use of crowdsourcing, businesses may access individuals with a variety of skills and viewpoints from around the world while also saving time and money.

Crowdfunding, in contrast to crowdsourcing, is used to raise money to help individuals, nonprofit organizations, or start-up businesses.

Cost reductions, speed, and the opportunity to collaborate with people who possess abilities that an internal team might lack are all benefits of crowdsourcing.

Hence, This business uses a crowdsourcing technique.

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A foreclosure is a fee levied by your lender that represents pre-paid interest on your mortgage loan.

foreclosure serves as the the action of taking in the possession of a mortgaged property in case they fail to meet up with  mortgage payments.

In this case, A foreclosure is a fee levied by your lender that represents pre-paid interest on your mortgage loan.

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Suppose that new type of mining equipment replaces low-income miners, but require highly skilled technicians to operate and maintain. The new equipment will shift the demand curve for low-income workers to the left while shifting the demand curve for high-income workers to the right.

A shift in the demand curve occurs when a determinant of demand other than price changes. It occurs when demand for goods and services changes even though the price didn't.

The demand curve shifts to the left if the determinant causes demand to drop. That means less of the good or service is demanded. That happens during a recession when buyers' incomes drop. They will buy less of everything, even though the price is the same.

The curve shifts to the right if the determinant causes demand to increase. This means more of the good or service are demanded even though there's no change in price. When the economy is booming, buyers' incomes will rise. They'll buy more of everything, even though the price hasn't changed.

Therefore, we can conclude that the correct option is B.

Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was:

Suppose that new type of mining equipment replaces low-income miners, but require highly skilled technicians to operate and maintain. The new equipment will shift the demand curve for low-income workers to the ______ while shifting the demand curve for high-income workers to the _____.

Group of answer choices:

A. left, left

B. left, right

C. right, left

D. right, right

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No, because the decision has already been made by the Board of Directors.

More about directors and decision making:

The board's decision-making process is divided into two stages: communication and decision-making. Each director decides whether to incur a cost to communicate his information to others during the communication stage. At the decision-making stage, all directors take actions (e.g., vote) based on their private information and information inferred from the discussion, and the board makes a collective decision. Directors may have conflicts of interest and thus prefer a decision that is not in the best interests of the shareholders. Directors may also have a preference for conformity and thus incur a loss if their actions differ from those of other directors, such as voting differently than the majority.

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Based on the bond price, the interest payments, and the periods, the journal entries by Winklevoss Inc. will be:

Date            Account details                                         Debit          Credit

Jul 1, 20Y1   Cash                                                     $63,532,267

                    Discount on bond payable                 $10,467,733

                    Bonds payable                                                    $74,000,000

________________________________________________________

Dec, 31         Interest expense                               $4,331,693

                    Discount on bond payable                                    $261,693

                    Cash                                                                     $4,070,000

________________________________________________________

Dec, 31         Income summary                               $4,331,693

                     Interest expense                                                   $4,331,693

Date            Account details                                         Debit          Credit

June, 30     interest expense                                  $4,331,693

20Y2           Discount on bonds payable                                     $261,693

                    Cash                                                                       $4,070,000

________________________________________________________

Dec, 31        interest expense                                  $4,331,693

20Y2           Discount on bonds payable                                     $261,693

                    Cash                                                                       $4,070,000

________________________________________________________

Dec, 31       Income summary                                   $8,663,386

                  Interest expense                                                     $8,663,386

________________________________________________________

Date            Account details                                         Debit          Credit

June, 30     Bonds payable                                    $74,000,000

20Y3          Loss on redemption                              $ 7,940,961

                   Discount on bonds payable                                  $9,420,961

                   Cash                                                                      $72,520,000

Discount on bonds payable:

= 74,000,000 - 63,532,267

= $10,467,733

Cash 31 Dec:

= 74,000,000 x 11% x 0.5

= $4,070,000

Cash 30 June 20Y2

= 74,000,000 x 11% x 0.5

= $4,070,000

Cash 31 Dec 20Y2:

= 74,000,000 x 11% x 0.5

= $4,070,000

in 20y3, the bonds were redeemed which is why the Bonds payable account was debited because as a liability account, it is debited to show a decrease.

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The risk assumption involves abstaining from any activity that will affect an individual financially. Assumption of risk is a tort law defence, specifically an affirmative defence, that bars or limits a plaintiff's right to recover against a negligent tortfeasor.

If the defendant can demonstrate that the plaintiff voluntarily and knowingly assumed the risks at issue inherent in the dangerous activity in which the plaintiff was participating at the time of their injury. A person who understands and recognizes the danger inherent in a particular activity cannot recover the damages in the event of injury under the assumption of risk doctrine.

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Best describe why countries establish limits on international trade are:

-To limit foreign influence in a sector

-To limit the importation of foreign goods

-To discipline other countries

It refers to Economic guidelines in which a country bounds the imports of other countries using some method which are necessary fr international trade.

It is also named sanctions. It is a fine that is imposed on another country. Countries can set limits on trade as a sanction and such boycotts can be in any form.

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19.7% of the u.s. gross national product is accounted for by healthcare costs.

The Gross National Product is the approximation of the total value of all goods and services which are produced by a country’s citizens and citizen-owned businesses.

GNP is generally calculated by adding up the following:

Total personal consumption expenditures (PCE)

Total government expenditures

Gross private domestic investment (GDPI)

Total income earned by citizens from overseas investments

Net exports

and then subtract domestic income earned by foreign residents

A big difference between GDP and GNP can indicate a strong involvement with international trade, production, or financial operation.

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The true statement about specialty products is D. They are distributed to only a few outlets in a geographic area.

A specialty product is a consumer good available at limited retail locations.  It implies that there is a limited supply of specialty products.

Specialty goods are mostly high-end and high-priced goods.  They are not frequently purchased by consumers.

Thus, the true statement about specialty products is D. They are distributed to only a few outlets in a geographic area.

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Someday, 3D printing could revolutionize the production of many items. for now, however, it is mostly used to create prototypes and molds. Agriculture and handicrafts-based economies were replaced during the Industrial Revolution with ones focused on large-scale industry, automated manufacturing, and the factory system. Existing industries became more productive and efficient thanks to new tools, power sources, and labor arrangements.

These first three industrial revolutionize shaped our contemporary culture. The world we live in underwent a profound transformation with the advent of each of these three innovations: the steam engine, the age of science and mass production, and the growth of digital technology.

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White-collar crimes is used to refer to crimes committed by individuals in the course of their daily business activities.

Financially driven, nonviolent or indirectly violent crime committed by people, businesses, or government officials is referred to as "white-collar crime." Public corruption, healthcare fraud, mortgage fraud, securities fraud, and money laundering are just a few examples of white-collar crime, which is often non-violent in nature.

White collar crimes are those that involve deception, secrecy, or breach of trust. They are done by people in the business world. The personnel who perpetrate the crimes are typically motivated by greed for money or by a fear of losing their jobs, money, or property. They typically involve deception.

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The current Yield is 5.41%

Given,

Global Trade, Inc. has $1,000 face value(FV) bonds outstanding

The bonds outstanding have a market price(MP) of $1,013.

The bonds pay interest annually, mature in 11 years(n).

yield to maturity(YTM) = 5.34 percent

Current yield is the ratio of coupon payment of a bond to its current market price.

Let the Annual Coupon Payment be 'CP'

Therefore, we need to calculate the coupon payment by using the following formula:

YTM = [ CP + ( FV - MP ) / n ] / [ ( FV + MP ) / 2 ]

Now substituting the values in the above formula we get,

5.34% = [ CP + ( $1,000 - $1,013 ) / 11 ] / [ ( $1,000 + $1,013 ) / 2 ]

5.34% = [ CP + ( $1,000 - $1,013 ) / 11 ] / [ ( $1,000 + $1,013 ) / 2 ]

5.34% = [ CP - $1.18 ] / 1006.5

1,006.5 x 5.34% = CP - $1.18

53.75 = CP - 1.18

CP = 53.75 + 1.18 = $54.83 annually

Current Yield = Annual Coupon payment / Current market price

Now substituting the values in the above formula we get,

Current Yield = $54.83 / $1,013

                      = 0.0541

                      = 5.41%

Hence, the current yield is 5.41%.

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Other things equal, the demand for a good tends to be more inelastic A) the fewer the available substitutes.

Inelastic merchandise is usually necessities without applicable substitutes. The maximum commonplace goods with an inelastic call for are utilities, pharmaceuticals, and tobacco products. companies imparting such merchandise hold greater flexibility with prices because demand stays constant even if fees boom or decrease.

Inelastic is a monetary term regarding the static amount of a terrific or service while its price adjustments. The inelastic manner that when the rate goes up, customers' shopping for habits live about the same, and when the rate goes down, consumers' shopping for conduct additionally remains unchanged.

An elastic call for is one in which the exchange in quantity is demanded because of exchange in rate is huge. An inelastic call is one in which the change in the amount demanded due to an alternate in charge is small.

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Kyle would increase his consumption of turkey sandwiches from 7 to 9 per week if their price fell from $6 to $4. This illustrates the idea of the law of diminishing marginal utility.

The introductory economics textbook Principles of Economics was written by N. Gregory Mankiw, a professor of economics at Harvard.

As of 2020, there have been nine editions since its initial release in 1997. Prior to the book's publication, there was debate over the substantial advance author Greg Mankiw received from publisher Harcourt.

More than a million copies have now been sold, bringing in at least $42 million for Mankiw.

Mankiw made the decision to donate the textbook royalties he had been collecting from his students to charity after hearing their concerns about the cost.

Principles of Economics is the required text for introductory courses in American economics departments.

It is the "most commonly used economics textbook," according to its current publisher Cengage.

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