Active learning- compare/contrast B and T cells
B-cells (lymphocytes) Mature in: Bone marrow
T-cells (lymphocytes) Mature in: Thymus
It covers the maturation and function of B cells and T cells, the types of immunity they are involved in, the pathogens they are used against, and the antibodies and T-cell types that they produce.
Used for: Humoral immunity (B-cells)
Used for: Cell-mediated immunity (T-cells)
Used for: Extracellular pathogens (B-cells)
Used for: Intracellular pathogens (T-cells)
Produce vast quantities of soluble antibodies identical to the BCR (B-cells)
Bind to complex antigens for activation (B-cells)
5 classes of antibodies include:
1.) IgA
2.) IgD
3.) IgE
4.) IgG
5.) IgM
3 types of T-cells include:
1.) activated by antigen-presenting cells (Helper T-cells)
2.) activated by direct contact with antigen (Cytotoxic T-cells)
3.) activated by cytokines (Regulatory T-cells)
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What type of supplement can improve exercise performance and capacity? Botanical supplement Nutritional supplement Ergogenic aid Herbal supplement
Ergogenic aid can improve exercise performance and capacity.
A method or substance used to improve performance can be widely referred to as an ergogenic aid. Ergogenic aids can be dietary, pharmacologic, physiological, or psychological, and they can take a variety of forms, from legal and safe methods like carbohydrate loading to illegal and risky ones like the usage of anabolic-androgenic steroids. Many of these methods' effectiveness is debatable, but their harmful side effects are obvious.
Physical therapists should be able to see indications of ergogenic aid usage in patients under their care and be knowledgeable about any negative consequences these drugs may have. The physical therapist may also be a source of knowledge for those looking for details on the advantages and disadvantages of ergogenic devices.
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When an individual develops a tolerance for a drug after repeated use (and needs more and more of the substance to get the same effect), this could be explained by?
When an individual develops a tolerance for a drug after repeated use (and needs more and more of the substance to get the same effect) is called habituation.
Habituation is the term used to refer to psychological dependence on a drug or
Becoming accustomed to any behavior or condition, including psychoactive substance use.
Habituation results in drug tolerance which is a person's diminished response to a drug, which occurs when the drug is used repeatedly and the body adapts to the continued presence of the drug.
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A nurse is caring for an infant who is receiving IV therapy. Which assessment finding indicates fluid volume excess
A nurse is caring for an infant who is receiving IV therapy. An elevated blood pressure and bounding pulses are finding indicates fluid volume excess.
what do you understand by fluid volume excess?
Hypervolemia is another name for fluid overflow. It occurs when your body has too much fluid. It can be brought on by a number of various illnesses, such as pregnancy, cirrhosis, heart failure, or renal failure.
Sodium retention by your kidneys leads to fluid volume excess. The fluid and salt balance in your body is controlled by your kidneys. The amount of sodium in the rest of your body rises when something makes your kidneys retain sodium. Your body produces too much fluid as a result of this.
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The probability that the member selected at random is from the shaded area of the graph is enter your response here
The probability that the member selected at random is from the shaded area of the graph is 0.0586.
How to calculate the probability?It should be noted that probability simply means the likelihood of the occurence of an event.
Based on the information, we will use the central limit theorem. This states that the distribution of the sample means will approximate a normal distribution as the sample size gets bigger.
Here, we are to find P(282 < X < 291). This will be:
P(282 < X < 291) = P[(282 - 267)/10 < Z < (291 - 267)/10)]
P(282 < X < 291) = P(1.5 < Z < 2.4)
P(282 < X < 291) = P(Z < 2.4) - P(Z < 1.5)
= 0.9918 - 0.9332
= 0.0586
In conclusion, the probability is 0.0586.
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Which action will the nurse take when a patient receiving morphine sulfate via PCA (Patient controlled Analgesia) has a shallow, irregular respiratory rate of 6/min
Notify the medical professional and get ready to give naloxone (Narcan).
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the drug naloxone for use in treating opioid overdoses. In order to stop the effects of opiates on the brain and to restore respiration, naloxone is used.
What is PCA (Patient controlled Analgesia) ?You can choose when to receive a dose of pain medication using patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), a method of pain treatment
After surgery, PCA can be used in hospitals to reduce pain. Or it can be applied to excruciating illnesses like sickle cell disease or pancreatitis.Hospice patients or cancer patients experiencing moderate to severe pain can also utilise PCA at home.Learn more about PCA (Patient controlled Analgesia) here:
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During assessment of a client with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which finding should the nurse identify when planning care for this client
When planning care for this client, nurses must identify their mobility, nutrition and vital signs.
What is Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis?ALS or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a disease that affects the nervous system in a degenerative and progressive way and causes irreversible motor paralysis. Patients with the disease experience gradual paralysis and early death as a result of the loss of crucial abilities such as
speakingmovingswallowing and breathing.What are the main nursing care?Monitor vital signs.Apply medications.Promote patient safety.Prevent disease complications.Perform basic procedures.Prevention of pressure injuries.With this information, we can conclude that the neurons of patients affected by the disease wear out or die and can no longer send messages to the muscles. nurses must identify their mobility, nutrition and vital signs.
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You go to the doctor and he gives you 12 milligrams of radioactive dye. After 24 minutes, 5.5 milligrams of dye remain in your system. To leave the doctor's office, you must pass through a radiation detector without sounding the alarm. If the detector will sound the alarm if more than 2 milligrams of the dye are in your system, how long will your visit to the doctor take, assuming you were given the dye as soon as you arrived? Give your answer to the nearest minute.
Assuming you received the dye as soon as it arrived, the closest minute to getting 2 milligrams of the dye into your system is 13 minutes.
[tex]\frac{6,5}{3,5} =\frac{24}{x}[/tex] = 12,9 minutes ≅ 13 minutes
Which imaging tests use contrast?RadiographsCT scans and MRI scansare examples of radiological procedures that may use contrast media. These are chemicals capable of enhancing tissue that would not normally appear clearly on a radiological image.
With this information, we can conclude that The contrasts of radiology and diagnostic imaging exams can be of three substances: barium, iodine and gadolinium. in this case the closest minute to getting 2 milligrams of the dye into your system is 13 minutes.
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When suctioning a client with a tracheostomy using an open system, which actions by the nurse would help to prevent hypoxemia during the procedure
Tracheostomy is the opening created at the front of the neck where a pipe is being inserted for a patient to breath normally.
What is suctioning of tracheostomy?The suctioning of tracheostomy is a nursing procedure that is being carried out by a Train band certified registered Nurse.
The process requires a careful step to prevent the patient from suffering from hypoxemia, which is decreased oxygen content of the blood.
In order to prevent hypoxemia during the suctioning procedure,
Pause for 30 to 60 seconds between suctioning attempts. Limit suctioning to 10 to 15 seconds each time. Hyperventilate the client with 3 to 6 breaths before suctioning.Learn more about hypoxemia here:
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You are attempting to control bleeding on a victim who sustained a deep cut to the forearm. You have help pressure for 10 minutes and applied a pressure dressing. You note that blood is beginning to seep through the pressure bandage. You should
The blood is beginning to seep through the pressure bandage. You should add more cloth or bandage and continue applying pressure to the cut for another 10 minutes. After the bleeding has stopped, cover the cut with a clean bandage.
The role of the pressure bandage is to protect the injured part and control bleeding without stressing the normal circulation. If attempting to control bleeding on a victim who sustained a deep cut to the forearm. Already have helped pressure for 10 minutes and applied a pressure dressing. But the blood is beginning to seep through the pressure bandage. In such cases add another bandage on he wound or cut and press it firmly. Bleeding from most injuries can be stopped by applying direct pressure to the injury. When heavy bleeding occurs where a major artery has been severed, the pressure may be insufficient and a tourniquet may be necessary.
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If you misuse drugs for whatever reason, some places where you can get help include?
Studies show that a 1% increase in dietary saturated fatty acids will raise the risk of heart disease by what percentage
Studies show that a 1% increase in dietary saturated fatty acids will raise the risk of heart disease by 2%.
Saturated fatty acid :
A saturated fatty acid is a type of fatty acid that lacks unsaturated linkages between carbon atoms. This type of fatty acid is saturated because it no longer has any double bonds, which prevents it from absorbing any more hydrogen. Animal fats frequently contain saturated fatty acids.
In the worldwide, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and disability. Additionally, a poor diet is a major CVD risk factor. Therefore, changes in diet may help to considerably lower the occurrence of CVD. It is well known that saturated fatty acids (SFA) raise LDL cholesterol, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
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A client has gained 55 lb in the last 3 years and is concerned about developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Additionally, the client's healthcare provider has diagnosed metabolic syndrome. What are the conditions contributing to the development of metabolic syndrome
Explanation:
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Marcus is a sedentary, 40-year-old man. He weighs 200 pounds. Based on his body weight, what is his Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein
The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein for Marcus with a weight of 200 pounds is 72.72 grams of protein.
The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is the amount of food that a person should eat regularly to fulfill all the nutritional needs of the body. It is frequently used to help people plan diets that are sufficiently nutrient-dense.
RDA for protein is 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram (Kg) of body weight. Marcus's weight in kg will be:
200/2.2= 90.9 kgs
RDA for protein for Marcus= 90.0 X 0.8= 72.72 grams of protein
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To help a nurse decide if a task is within his or her individual scope of practice, a prudent nurse should
To help a nurse decide if a task is within his or her individual scope of practice, a prudent nurse should obtain a list of tasks a nurse may perform from the BON
What is healthcare?Healthcare simply refers to an organized medical care given to an individual, community or an organization
So therefore, to help a nurse decide if a task is within his or her individual scope of practice, a prudent nurse should obtain a list of tasks a nurse may perform from the BON
Complete question:
To help a nurse decide if a task is within his or her individual scope of practice, a prudent nurse should
A. consider utilizing the Scope of Practice Decision-Making Model.
B. obtain a list of tasks a nurse may perform from the BON.
C. ask a physician wh
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A person who regularly consumes fish such as shark, king mackerel, and swordfish is at risk for ingesting potentially toxic amounts of
Mercury is ingested in the excess amount by the person who consumes shark, king mackerel, and swordfish.
Eating seafood is good for health like fish etc. As they are a high source of proteins and omega-3 fatty acids. Mercury is a toxic metal that when ingested causes poisoning and neurological diseases which lead to sudden death. Pregnant, nursing women and children should avoid eating fish in their diet. Larger fishes like Shark, and King mackerel feed on the small fishes due to which they have high mercury content. Mercury poisoning causes symptoms like- memory loss, numbness in the limbs, and deterioration the brain development.
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Treatment for decompression sickness may require recompression in a hyperbaric chamber. Select one: True False
True, Treatment for decompression sickness may require recompression in a hyperbaric chamber.
What is decompression sickness?Decompression sickness (DCS) occurs when dissolved gases (usually nitrogen or helium, used in mixed gas diving) exit solution and form bubbles inside the body on depressurization.It is also called bends or caisson disease.DCS occurs from underwater diving decompression (ascent), working in a caisson, flying in an unpressurized aircraft, and extra-vehicular activity from spacecraft.Signs and symptoms include fatigue, skin itch, dizziness or vertigo, pain in joints, etcDCS is a clinical diagnosis. As the goal for treating all patients with symptomatic DCS is hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), with emphasis placed on recompressionTo learn more about Decompression sickness,
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a nurse is assessing a client who is at 36 weeks of gestation. which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a potential prenatal complication
The six biggest and most common complications in pregnancy are
Threat of premature birth. Iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy. Gestational diabetes. Eclampsia.placenta previa. Toxoplasmosis.What are obstetric complications?Obstetric complications refer to interruptions and disturbances of pregnancy, labor and birth, and the early neonatal period.
With this information, we can conclude that Complications can be many and diverse in the prenatal period, so uninterrupted medical follow-up is important.
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Part of the problem with regulating herbal drugs is that it is unclear whether they should be classified as _____.
Part of the problem with regulating herbal drugs is that it is unclear whether they should be classified as foods, drugs or herbs.
Herbs are plants with medicinal properties. Herbs can be used as whole plants or parts of plants in the form of medicine.
Herbal drugs are generally sold in the form of tablets, capsules, dried or fresh extracts of plant parts, etc. Herbal drugs are taken by people for improving their health and maintain a healthy body.
Some people believe herbal drugs are safe as they are natural, but herbal drugs require to go through testing before their use just like other drugs. Herbal drugs are generally considered to be less effective than synthetic drugs.
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Which of the following medications have no primary effect on heart rate, but can lower blood pressure
Calcium channel blocker
These medications lower blood pressure and treat other conditions such as chest pain and an irregular heartbeat.
What are Calcium channel blocker ?Calcium channel blockers are medications used to lower blood pressure. They work by preventing calcium from entering the cells of the heart and arteries.
Calcium causes the heart and arteries to squeeze (contract) more strongly. By blocking calcium, calcium channel blockers allow blood vessels to relax and open.The medications may also be prescribed to relieve chest pain (angina) and control an irregular heartbeat.Calcium channel blockers are also called calcium antagonists.Learn more about Calcium channel blocker here:
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A charge nurse has one private room available on her unit to accommodate a client who needs airborne precautions. Which of the following clients should the charge nurse assign to the room
The client that the nurse should assign the room is the client that is suspected to have tuberculosis.
What is tuberculosis?Tuberculosis is defined as the disease condition that is caused by bacteria microorganisms known as mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Airborne diseases are those diseases that are being transferred from one person to another through the air.
These patients should be kept in a private room that the air movement can be monitored.
The airborne diseases are those diseases that can be discharged from an infected person through the following:
coughing, sneezing, laughing and close personal contact with the infected patient.Tuberculosis is a typical example of an airborne disease.
Therefore, client that are suspected to have tuberculosis should be kept in a private room that provides airborne precautions.
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Your health will benefit from including physical activity in your daily routine/lifestyle because it ______.
Your health will benefit from including physical activity in your daily routine/lifestyle because it helps in weight loss/control, reduces blood pressure and strengthens bones and joints.
What is health?According to WHO, health is defined as 'a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity'.There are five main aspects of personal health: physical, emotional, social, spiritual, and intellectual.Physical activity refers to all movement including during leisure time, for transport to get to and from places, or as part of a person's work.Physical activity improves your physical and emotional health, boosts mood. A healthy lifestyle can not only help you feel better, but it can also reduce the risk of some diseases, lengthen your lifespan, save you money and benefit the environment.Learn more about physical activities here:
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Which condition is associated with the excessive concern over underdeveloped muscles, consumption of steroids and supplements, and hours devoted to weight lifting
The condition that is associated with the excessive concern over underdeveloped muscles is called Bigorexia (muscle dysmorphia).
What is Bigorexia (muscle dysmorphia)?Bigorexia (muscle dysmorphia) is defined as a health disorder that prompts an individual to build up their muscles.
This concern leads them to involve in the following activities such as:
consumption of steroids and supplements, and hours devoted to weight lifting.Therefore, the condition that is associated with the excessive concern over underdeveloped muscles is called Bigorexia (muscle dysmorphia).
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The condition associated with the excessive concern over underdeveloped muscles is bigorexia.
What is Bigorexia ?The term Bigorexia refers to situation in which a person is overly concerned about the development of muscles causing the devotion of many hours to weight lifting.
This may lead a person to consumption of steroids and supplements thus preoccupying the person with the thought of being muscular.
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The obesity pandemic is primarily due to Group of answer choices the production of high-calorie, low-fat foods even though people still have a high exercise level. a lack of physical exercise. a combination of lower calories and more exercise. the increased ability to produce and consume inexpensive, high-fat foods.
The increased ability to produce and consume inexpensive high-fat food causes the obesity pandemic.
Obesity has now become the most spread chronic disease globally which occurs due to the storage of excessive amounts of fat in the body. The USA and Europe are the first countries for the high cases of obesity and overweight population. This disease is caused by consuming high-fat foods, processed marketed foods and drinks, and very less physical activity. This results in weight gain, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, depression, cholesterol, hypertension, etc., Other factors like environmental and genetics can also increase obesity.
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Suppose that surplus labor in a pakistani village is used to build a medical clinic and dig several wells. This is an illustration of?
The kind of pay illustrated here is called nonfinancial or in-kind investment.
What is in kind?The term "in kind" has to do with a payment that is not done by the use of money. This implies that what is given to the individual is not the financial due of the work that he/she has done. Rather, some kind of benefit that is non - financial is given to the individual in return for a service that is rendered.
Pakistan is a country in South Asia that has an abundance of labor that can always be used for any purpose as required by the peculiar occasion in each context.
Hence, suppose that surplus labor in a Pakistani village is used to build a medical clinic and dig several wells. This is an illustration of nonfinancial or in-kind investment.
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What would be the calculated minimally acceptable systolic blood pressure for a 9-year-old girl who has a significant bleed following an injury involving broken glass
The lower limit (5th percentile) of systolic blood pressure can be estimated with this formula: 70mm Hg + (2 x age in years).
Thus, according to the question:
Systolic blood pressure = 70mm Hg + (2 x 9)
= 70mm Hg + 18
= 88mm Hg {answer}
Blood pressure can define as the pressure exerted by flowing blood on the walls of the veins and arteries of the body. It is measured in two terms: systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.
Systolic blood pressure measures the pressure exerted by blood in the arteries when the heart pumps the blood into it whereas diastolic blood pressure measures the pressure exerted by the blood when the heart is at resting between the beats and not pumping the blood.
Normal systolic blood pressure reads 120 and normal diastolic blood pressure reads 80. So the overall normal blood pressure will be "120/80 mmHg" where mmHg is the unit in which the Blood pressure is measured.
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A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has a new prescription for sublingual nitroglycerin. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching
I should lie down when I take this medication is client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching.
Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to an older adult client following total hip arthroplasty. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to an older adult client following total hip arthroplasty. I should lie down when I take this medication is client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to an older adult client following total hip arthroplasty. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to an older adult client following total hip arthroplasty. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to an older adult client following total hip arthroplasty. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to an older adult client following total hip arthroplasty. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has an impaired immune system due to chemotherapy. Change your pet's litter box daily.
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A patient with chronic hypertension is admitted to the hospital. During the admission assessment, the nurse notes a heart rate of 96 beats/minute, a blood pressure of 150/90 mm Hg bibasilar crackles, 2 pitting edema of the ankles, and distention of the jugular veins. What will the provider order in response to this assessment data
Furosemide [Lasix] is prescribed.
What is the use of drug Furosemide?Furosemide is used to treat illnesses like heart failure, liver disease, and renal disease that cause the body to retain extra fluid (edema). This can minimize symptoms including breathing difficulties and arm, leg, and belly swelling. Additionally, this medication is used to lower blood pressure. Bringing down high blood pressure reduces the risk of heart attacks, kidney issues, and strokes. A "water pill" (diuretic), furosemide makes you urinate more frequently. This helps your body get rid of surplus water and salt.
Take this drug by mouth once or twice daily, with or without meal, as prescribed by your doctor. To minimize needing to get out of bed to use the restroom, it is advisable to avoid taking this prescription within 4 hours of going to bed.
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Rather than simply informing people in a community about health risks, you would like to help them build a sense of community and establish resources for addressing ongoing concerns that are important to them. You are thinking in terms of:
Social capital
What is social capital?A beneficial outcome of interpersonal connection is referred to as social capital. The beneficial result could be measurable or intangible and could consist of future opportunities, creative ideas, and important knowledge.
It can be used to describe how interpersonal connections and networks both inside and outside of an organization contribute to the success of that company. It can also be used to define the interpersonal connections among personnel within a business that contribute to the development of trust and respect, which improves business performance.
A group of individuals can collaborate successfully to accomplish a common objective or goal thanks to social capital. Through mutual respect, a sense of common identity, conventions, and values, it enables a community or organization—such as a business or nonprofit—to work as a unit. Simply said, social interactions allow social capital to positively impact society as a whole.
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child is exhibiting increasingly abnormal breathing patterns and the breaths are shallow. There are unusual lung sounds upon observation. What is the most likely problem associated with these symptoms
If a child is exhibiting increasingly abnormal breathing patterns and the breaths are shallow. There are unusual lung sounds upon observation. These are symptoms of development of bronchitis.
Bronchitis is a disease of the lungs where the bronchi are effected. This blocks the main air passage of the lungs and sequentially results in inflammation of the lungs. Bronchitis is common in children and infants and is usually easily curable. As the airway is inflamed it narrows the passage for air to pass through. This is the reason for shallow breaths and unusual lung sounds. The most common cause of bronchitis in children are viral infections. It might also be caused due to bacterial infection by spores or from various different allergens.
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Consider our Moon, a white dwarf, and a neutron star. Which of the following lists them in the correct order of size (diameter), from smallest to largest
Neutron star, moon and the white dwarf is the correct order from smallest to largest.
What is the size of Neutron star, moon and the white dwarf?The size of neutron star is 20 kilometers, the size of moon is 3,474.8 km and the size of a white dwarf is 4,300 kilometers. According to this data, neutron star is the smallest one which is followed by moon and the biggest one is the white dwarf star. We know that more in diameter represents more in size and less in diameter shows less in size.
So we can conclude that neutron star, moon and the white dwarf is the correct order from smallest to largest.
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