Aldehydes are more reactive than ketones towards nucleophilic attack because of __________

Answers

Answer 1

Aldehydes are more reactive than ketones towards nucleophilic attack because of presence of a hydrogen atom Aldehydes have a carbonyl group (-CHO) which consists of a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom and a hydrogen atom.

This hydrogen atom is very reactive and makes the carbonyl carbon atom more electrophilic and susceptible to nucleophilic attack. In contrast, ketones do not have a hydrogen atom attached to the carbonyl carbon atom, making it less reactive towards nucleophilic attack.



The presence of the hydrogen atom in aldehydes allows for the formation of a resonance stabilized intermediate during nucleophilic attack. The nucleophile attacks the carbonyl carbon atom, resulting in a tetrahedral intermediate with a negatively charged oxygen atom and a positively charged carbon atom.

The positive charge on the carbon atom is stabilized by resonance with the adjacent carbonyl oxygen atom and the hydrogen atom. This resonance stabilization increases the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon atom, making aldehydes more reactive towards nucleophilic attack.



In addition, the smaller size of aldehydes compared to ketones also contributes to their higher reactivity. The smaller size of aldehydes allows for a closer approach of the nucleophile to the carbonyl carbon atom, resulting in a stronger interaction and faster reaction.

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Related Questions

Will a nucleus of Zn-65 be stable or unstable?

Answers

Answer:

Unstable

Explanation:

Why might an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases be a concern? What
might be the effect of an increase? Use the diagram to help you answer.

Answers

Answer:

too many greenhouse gases can cause the temperature to increase out of control. ... The increased greenhouse effect is causing changes in our planet that can affect our lives. The major Greenhouse Gas, carbon dioxide, emitted naturally and by the burning of fossil fuels, stays in the atmosphere a long

Effects: By increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, we’re amplifying the planet’s natural greenhouse effect and turning up the dial on global warming.

The atmosphere of the Earth may begin to trap more and more heat if these greenhouse gases are present in excess. Earth warms as a result of this.

What are Greenhouse gases?

A greenhouse gas is a gas that produces the greenhouse effect by both absorbing and emitting radiant energy at thermal wavelengths that are infrared. The five main greenhouse gases in the atmosphere of Earth are ozone, carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapour.

Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxides, and water vapour are examples of greenhouse gases. (A "feedback" is the term used to describe water vapor, which reacts chemically or physically to changes in temperature.) Scientists have found that the warming effect of carbon dioxide contributes to the stabilisation of Earth's atmosphere.

Thus, the atmosphere of the Earth may begin to trap more and more heat if these greenhouse gases are present in excess. Earth warms as a result of this.

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How do magnets move objects?​

Answers

Answer: Magnets have a force which is known as no contact force. This force tries to attract the metallic objects near it, which makes it move.

Explanation:

If the available number of valence electrons for a molecule or polyatomic ion does not complete all of the octets in a lewis structure what should you do

Answers

Answer:

If the available number of valence electrons for a molecule or ion does not complete all of the octets, then multiple bonds must be drawn.

Explanation:

If the available number of valence electrons for a molecule or ion does not complete all of the octets, then multiple bonds must be drawn.

We must note that Lewis structures are representations of molecules Using dots to show the number of valence electrons on the valence shell of the atoms of  each of the constituent elements in the molecule. Each atom is expected to have an octet of electrons on its outermost shell.

Many times, we encounter Lewis structures in which the octet of some atoms are incomplete. This means that the atoms have less than eight outermost electrons.

In such cases, we must invoke the idea of multiple bonds to account for the incomplete octet.

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the empirical formula is C6H6O.vapour density is 47.find the molecular formula​

Answers

Answer: The molecular formula will be [tex]C_6H_6O[/tex]

Explanation:

Molecular formula is the chemical formula which depicts the actual number of atoms of each element present in the compound.  

Empirical formula is the simplest chemical formula which depicts the whole number of atoms of each element present in the compound.

The empirical formula is [tex]C_6H_6O[/tex]

The empirical weight of [tex]C_6H_6O[/tex] = 6(12)+6(1)+1(16) = 94 g.

The molecular weight = [tex]2\times \text{vapour density}=2\times 47=94[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the molecular formula.

[tex]n=\frac{\text{Molecular weight}}{\text{Equivalent weight}}=\frac{94}{94}=1[/tex]

The molecular formula will be=[tex]1\times C_6H_6O=C_6H_6O[/tex]

the number of molecules present in 0.036g of water​

Answers

Answer:

5

Explanation:

How many protons, electrons, and neutrons are in calcium?

Answers

Answer:

20 protons , 20 electrons and 20 neutrons

PLSSSSSS HELPPPPPPP FAST WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST I NEED A 3 PARAGRPAH ESSAY ON THIS SCIENCE ARTICLE!! INTRODUCION BODY AND CONCLUSION EACH PARAGRAPH 5 SENTENCES OR MORE!!!!!!

Answers

Answer:

jst do the work

Explanation:

its not complicated,ask your teacher for help

If 276 g of dinitrogen tetroxide and 64.0 g of hydrazine are mixed, how many grams of nitrogen gas can you produce?

Answers

Answer:

84 g of N₂        

Explanation:

We begin from the reaction:

N₂O₄  +  2N₂H₄ →  3N₂  + 4H₂O

  1st step: Find out the limiting reactant.

We convert the mass to moles.

       276 g . 1mol/ 92g = 3 moles of N₂O₄

64 g . 1mol / 32g = 2 moles of hidrazine  

Limiting reactant is the hydrazine. Ratio is 1:2, then for 3 moles of tetroixde I may need 6 moles of N₂H₄. (But I only have 2).

To determine the grams of produced nitrogen we see stoichiometry (2:3)    

2 moles of hydrazine can produce 3 moles of N₂

Definetaly our 2 moles make 3 moles of gas.

We convert the moles to mass.

3 mol . 28g /1mol = 84 g of N₂                                                                                                

                                   

Which group (family) of non-metals does not form ions?

Answers

Answer:

Noble gasses

Explanation:

nobled gasses

all elements want to loose or gain electrons to be like the noble gasses in bonding but the noble gasses do not bond.

Step 9: Measure Pressure and Volume with the Book and 4 kg of Weight Total the mass on the syringe. Record it in the correct row of the data table. kg ​

Answers

Answer:

498 g

0.498 kg

Explanation:

Answer:

4.498 kg

1.47

35.0

51.5

Explanation:

in sublimation which state of matter is absent

Answers

Liquid :) it goes directly from a solid to a gas. Have a nice day!

sublimation is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the state without passing through the liquid state


How does the nervous system work with the digestive system?

A: The muscular and nervous systems enable the involuntary breathing mechanism.
B: It doesn't
C: The enteric nervous system's network of nerves, neurons and neurotransmitters extends along the entire digestive tract - from
the esophagus, through the stomach and intestines, and down to the anus.
D: Gets nutrients (good) from food and hands it over to the blood

Anyone help I’m failing :(

Answers

Answer:

Enteric Nervous System

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a subdivision of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) that directly controls the gastrointestinal system.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Describe the structure and function of the enteric nervous system (ENS)

KEY TAKEAWAYS

Key Points

The enteric nervous system (ENS), which is embedded in the lining of the gastrointestinal system, can operate independently of the brain and the spinal cord.

The ENS consists of two plexuses, the submucosal and the myenteric. The myenteric plexus increases the tone of the gut and the velocity and intensity of contractions. The submucosal plexus is involved with local conditions and controls local secretion, absorption, and muscle movements.

While described as a second brain, the enteric nervous system normally communicates with the central nervous system (CNS) through the parasympathetic (via the vagus nerve ) and sympathetic (via the prevertebral ganglia) nervous systems, but can still function when the vagus nerve is severed.

The ENS includes efferent neurons, afferent neurons, and interneurons, all of which make the ENS capable of carrying reflexes and acting as an integrating center in the absence of CNS input.

The ENS contains support cells, which are similar to the astroglia of the brain, and a diffusion barrier around the capillaries surrounding the ganglia, which is similar to the blood –brain barrier of cerebral blood vessels.

Key Terms

enteric nervous system: A subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that directly controls the gastrointestinal system.

EXAMPLES

The second brain of the enteric nervous system is the reason we get butterflies in our stomach or need to use the restroom more frequently when we are nervous and/or under stress.

The gastrointestinal (GI) system has its own nervous system, the enteric nervous system (ENS). Neurogastroenterology is the study of the enteric nervous system, a subdivision of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) that directly controls the gastrointestinal system. The ENS is capable of autonomous functions such as the coordination of reflexes.

Although it receives considerable innervation from the autonomic nervous system, it can and does operate independently of the brain and the spinal cord. The ENS consists of some 100 million neurons, one-thousandth of the number of neurons in the brain, and about one-tenth the number of neurons in the spinal cord. The enteric nervous system is embedded in the lining of the gastrointestinal system.

Ganglia of the ENS

The neurons of the ENS are collected into two types of ganglia:

The myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexus, located between the inner and outer layers of the muscularis externa

The submucosal (Meissner’s) plexus, located in the submucosa

The Myenteric Plexus

The myenteric plexus is mainly organized as a longitudinal chains of neurons. When stimulated, this plexus increases the tone of the gut as well as the velocity and intensity of its contractions. This plexus is concerned with motility throughout the whole gut. Inhibition of the myenteric system helps to relax the sphincters —the muscular rings that control the flow of digested food or food waste.

The Submucosal Plexus

The submucosal plexus is more involved with local conditions and controls local secretion and absorption, as well as local muscle movements. The mucosa and epithelial tissue associated with the submucosal plexus have sensory nerve endings that feed signals to both layers of the enteric plexus. These tissues also send information back to the sympathetic pre-vertebral ganglia, the spinal cord, and the brain stem.

This is an illustration of neural control of the gut wall by the autonomic nervous system and the enteric nervous system. A sensory neuron is shown to stimulate the nerves in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses, which are connected to nerves in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sensory neuron is also shown signal the ganglia and central nervous system.

Neural control of the gut: An illustration of neural control of the gut wall by the autonomic nervous system and the enteric nervous system.

Function and Structure of the ENS

The enteric nervous system has been described as a second brain. There are several reasons for this. For instance, the enteric nervous system can operate autonomously. It normally communicates with the central nervous system (CNS) through the parasympathetic (e.g., via the vagus nerve) and sympathetic (e.g., via the prevertebral ganglia) nervous systems. However, vertebrate studies show that when the vagus nerve is severed, the enteric nervous system continues to function.

Explanation:

the answer is A:The muscular and nervous systems enable the involuntary breathing mechanism

how many atoms are in 1.2x10^5 moles of neon?​

Answers

Answer:

7.224 × 10^28 atoms

Explanation:

The number of moles contained in a substance (n) can be calculated from this expression:

nA = n × 6.02 × 10^23 atoms

Where;

nA = number of atoms of substance

n = number of moles of substance

Avagadro's number or constant = 6.02 × 10^23 atoms

Using nA = n × 6.02 × 10^23 atoms

In this question, there are 1.2 x 10^5 moles of neon (N). The number of atoms (nA) is as follows:

nA of neon = 1.2 x 10^5 × 6.02 × 10^23

nA = 7.224 × 10^ (5 + 23)

nA = 7.224 × 10^28 atoms

The number of neon atoms in 1.2 x 10^5 is 7.224 × 10^28 atoms.

what is light energy​

Answers

Answer:

Light energy is a form of electromagnetic radiation. Light consists of photons, which are produced when an object's atoms heat up.

Explanation:

Answer:

Light energy is a kind of kinetic energy with the ability to make types of light visible to human eyes. Light is defined as a form of electromagnetic radiation emitted by hot objects like lasers, bulbs, and the sun. Light contains photons which are minute packets of energy.

Explanation:

hope it's helpful for you.

Do number 5 vote you brainlest thanks

Answers

Answer:

DNA

Explanation:

because genetics come from DNA

What is the concentration of a solution containing 2.4 mol of NaCl dissolved in 3.0L of water?

Answers

Answer:

0.500 liters

Explanation:

Need Help Asap How do islands form

Answers

Explanation:

An island is formed when magma builds up and breaks the ocean's surface. In some cases, like the island of Hawaii, land masses merge together. ... For many volcanoes, formation can take thousands of years, though some volcanic islands can sometimes appear quite suddenly

Answer:

As volcanoes erupt, they build up layers of lava that may eventually break the water's surface. When the tops of the volcanoes appear above the water, an island is formed.

Explanation:

Petroleum is a mixture of many alkanes. The alkanes are separated and purified at oil refineries. What process decribes what happens in an oil refinery?

Answers

Answer:

Fractional distillation

Explanation:

The process of separating petroleum products into its fractions is called fractional distillation.

Fractional distillation is a method of separating a mixture of substances based on the differences in their boiling points.

Petroleum is a mixture of hydrocarbons separated in a large fractionation tower having many trays maintained at different temperatures.

As the vapor containing the petroleum mixture ascends the fractionation tower, the mixture is separated at each tray to yield the various fractions of petroleum.

Which statement is best illustrated in the diagram above regarding how the Sun's energy affects the Earth's surface from June through September in the Northern Hemisphere? The season changes from autumn to winter, daylight hours decrease, and infrared radiation is the weakest during the June solstice. B The season changes from winter to spring, daylight hours increase, and infrared radiation is the weakest during the September equinox. C The season changes from summer to autumn, daylight hours decrease, and infrared radiation is the strongest during the June solstice. The season changes from spring to summer, daylight hours increase, and infrared radiation is the strongest during the September equinox.​

Answers

Answer:

I'm sorry but there is no diagram above.

Please help! I will give brainliest.

Answers

the answer is cannot be determined
because they don’t give a value for nh3 or h2o they only gave one for o2

H2 + Cl2 --> 2HCl

If 500 molecules of H2 react with 400 molecules of Cl2, how many of HCl will be produced?

Answers

Answer:

c20 will be there ok

Explanation:

okbbbbbbbbbbyyyyyyyy

why and how do ions form?

Answers

Answer and Explanation:

Ions are electrically charged particles that are formed from the removing and addition of electrons. It can be a positively or negatively charged atom.

If I react 4.2mol N2 with H2, how many moles of NH3 would I produce?

Answers

Answer:

first balance the reaction

n2 + 3h2 --> 2NH3

then you have your ratios

so for every mole of N2 you get 2 NH3

so 8.4mol is your answer

Explanation:

Which have a mass of 0 amu ?

I give Brainliest!!!!

Answers

Answer:

Electrons

Explanation:

Protons and Neutrons have an amu of 1

Answer:

c. Electrons

Explanation:

Electrons are found outside the nucleus and are the lightest.

PLEASE HELP ME
Anything that has mass and takes up space is
A. Volume
B. Mass
C. Matter
Choose one option
A, B, C


Answers

Answer:

C. Matter

Explanation:

C- matter.....
EXPLANATION:

Select the correct answer.
When a substance changes from one phase to another, which of the following occurs?
OA. The substance loses or gains heat.
shoes
OB. The average kinetic energy of the substance changes.
OC. The temperature of the substance changes.
OD. The molecular motion of the substance changes.
Reset
Next

Answers

D. The molecular motion of the substance changes.

Thea is doing a chemistry experiment. The instructions say she needs to use pure water. Hamza offer her a bottle labelled “100% Pure Spring Water”. Suggest why this water is unlikely to be suitable for the experiment [2]

A scientist is comparing 2 samples of the same compound. One is pure and the other is impure. The compound is a solid at room temperature. Explain how the scientist could tell which is the pure compound. [2]

The melting point of pure asprin is 136oC. The melting point of a sample of asprin is measured as being between 128 – 132oC. Give two reasons that suggest the sample is not pure asprin. [2]
Gunpowder is a formulation of potassium nitrate, charcoal and sulphur in the ratio 15 : 3 : 2
What is meant by the term “formulation” [2]
Calculate the mass of charcoal in 40g of gunpowder [1]
if you can just give me hints that would be great

Answers

How is this going to help us in life wat the fawk

What element has the following Electron Configuration?

Answers

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
Here you go

7. C2H4O2 is what? vinegar

Answers

Answer:

Yes its vinegar

Explanation:

Actually [tex] \bold{\red {C_2H_4O_2}} [/tex] is the formula for acetic acid which is found in vinegar.

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