All of the following are structural parts of the CRISPR-CAS9 two component system, except are hairpin loop and single stranded tracer RNA. So, option E and F are correct option.
The CRISPR-Cas9 system is a powerful gene editing tool that has revolutionized the field of genetics. It consists of two main components: a Cas9 endonuclease enzyme and a single guide RNA (sgRNA).
The Cas9 enzyme acts as a molecular scissors, while the sgRNA provides specificity by guiding it to a specific DNA sequence to be cut.
The option (A) PAM sequence is a short DNA sequence adjacent to the target site that is necessary for Cas9 to bind and cleave the DNA. The PAM sequence is typically a short sequence of nucleotides such as NGG, which is recognized by the Cas9 protein.
The option (B) single stranded guide RNA is a synthetic RNA molecule that is designed to be complementary to the DNA sequence being targeted. The guide RNA provides specificity by guiding the Cas9 enzyme to the correct location in the DNA.
The option (C) spacer is the part of the guide RNA that is complementary to the target DNA sequence. The spacer is usually about 20 nucleotides long and determines the specificity of the CRISPR-Cas9 system.
The option (D) endonuclease is the Cas9 protein that is responsible for cleaving the target DNA at the specified location. The endonuclease is guided to the target site by the guide RNA.
The option (E) hairpin loop is not a structural part of the CRISPR-Cas9 system. It is a structure formed by single-stranded RNA that folds back on itself to form a loop. Hairpin loops are commonly found in RNA molecules and can play a role in RNA processing and stability.
The single stranded tracer RNA (F) is also not a structural part of the CRISPR-Cas9 system. It is a type of RNA molecule that is used to track the movement and processing of other RNA molecules in the cell.
Therefore, the answer is option E. hairpin loop and F. single stranded tracer RNA are not structural parts of the CRISPR-Cas9 system.
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E. hairpin loop. The CRISPR-Cas9 system is a powerful genome editing tool that has revolutionized the field of molecular biology. It is a two-component system that includes the Cas9 protein and a guide RNA (gRNA) molecule.
The Cas9 protein acts as an endonuclease that cuts the target DNA sequence, while the gRNA molecule provides the specificity of the system by guiding Cas9 to the correct location in the genome.
The PAM (protospacer adjacent motif) sequence is a short DNA sequence that is required for Cas9 to bind and cleave the target DNA. The PAM sequence is located adjacent to the target DNA sequence and provides the specificity of the system by preventing Cas9 from binding and cleaving non-target DNA.
The spacer is a short DNA sequence that is derived from a previous exposure to foreign DNA (e.g., a virus or plasmid). The spacer sequence is integrated into the CRISPR array, which is a collection of repeat sequences separated by spacers. The CRISPR array provides the memory of the system by storing a record of previous exposures to foreign DNA.
The single-stranded guide RNA (sgRNA) is a synthetic RNA molecule that is designed to target a specific DNA sequence. The sgRNA is composed of a target-specific sequence that binds to the target DNA sequence and a scaffold sequence that binds to the Cas9 protein.
The hairpin loop is a structure that is formed by the sgRNA molecule, which helps to stabilize the interaction between the sgRNA and the target DNA sequence.
The single-stranded tracer RNA is not a structural part of the CRISPR-Cas9 system.
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how do you understand geological hazards?
Answer:
Geologic Hazards
Seismic hazards related to earthquakes, including ground rupture/faulting, liquefaction, strong motion, and tsunami.Landslides of all kinds, including seismically-triggered landslides, debris flows, mud flows, and rock falls.Mineral hazards such as asbestos, radon, and mercury.Explanation:
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Does Genetic Modified Organism ( GMO ) make an apple bigger?
Answer:
the data only can determine the based on the replica of the fruit.
Explanation:
when fruit is genetically modified it's genetically is copied and the process of growing is sped up. in some since the fruit can change in size due to the result of multiple gene copies.
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Which stage of mitosis occurs the least often and why?
Explanation:
The Anaphase stage is the shortest phase of mitosis. During this phase, disjunction occurs, and migration of sister chromatids away from each other to the poles of the cell occurs, leading to the formation of daughter chromosomes. Molecular motors use ATP to shorten the spindle fibers attached to each sister chromatid
Explanation:
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i have no idea about this
Answer:
I think it's 4 or 3
Explanation:
Sorry if I'm wrong
1. What are the different properties of light that apply to the image formation of
optical devices such as mirrors and lenses?
Answer:
Optical instruments are based on optics. They use mirrors and lenses to reflect and refract light and form images. The light microscope and telescope use convex lenses and mirrors to make enlarged images of very tiny or distant objects. A camera uses a convex lens to make a reduced image of an object.
The property of light that is important to the image formation in mirrors is reflection. The property of light that is important in the formation of an image by lenses is refraction.
Light refers more specifically to the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is perceivable with the optical eyes. There are several properties of light such as reflection, refraction, diffraction, interference, etc.
The property of light that is important to the image formation in mirrors is reflection. The property of light that is important in the formation of an image by lenses is refraction.
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How many times more erosion occurs in a soil with 3% moisture than a soil with 7% moisture is a 15 m s-1 wind?
Answer:
Twice.
Explanation:
If a soil with 3% moisture has twice the rate of erosion as compared to the soil having 7% moisture if both experience same speed of wind i. e. 15 m/s. This is because moisture held the particles of soil tightly with each other and prevent erosion in the soil so if the moisture becomes half in the soil then the rate of erosion is twice or doubled at constant wind speed.
PLEASE HELP ASAP Match each word with the phrase that best defines it.
informal
a statement that is objective or unchanging
fact
done in a way that is friendly or casual
formal
a statement that is subjective or based on
interpretation
topic
done in a way that is suitable, appropriate,
or based on guidelines
opinion
the main point of a given subject
Answer:
fact: a statement that is objective or unchanging
informal: done in a way that is friendly or casual
formal: done in a way that is suitable, appropriate,
or based on guidelines
opinion: a statement that is subjective or based on
interpretation
topic: the main point of a given subject
Match each word with the phrase that best defines it.
1. Fact: a statement that is objective or unchanging
2. Informal: done in a way that is friendly or casual
3. Formal: done in a way that is suitable, appropriate, or based on guidelines
4. Opinion: a statement that is subjective or based on interpretation
5. Topic: the main point of a given subject
What are Phrases?A phrase is a group of words or a singular word which functions as a grammatical unit. For example, the English expression "the very happy boy" is a noun phrase containing the adjective phrase "very happy".
It can be a single word or a complete sentence. Phrases are used to describe the people, things, or events.
There are following types of phrases. They are:
Noun phrase.Adjective phrase.Adverb phrase.Verb phrase.Prepositional phrase.Gerund phraseInfinitive phraseParticipial phraseThus, matching the following words with its phrases
1. Fact: a statement that is objective or unchanging
2. Informal: done in a way that is friendly or casual
3. Formal: done in a way that is suitable, appropriate, or based on guidelines
4. Opinion: a statement that is subjective or based on interpretation
5. Topic: the main point of a given subject
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Which statement is true regarding mitosis?
A. 2 cells are made from one cell
B. daughter cells have 1/2 of the original DNA
C. occurs only in sex cells
D. 4 cells are made from one cell.
Answer:
A. 2 cells are made from one cell
Which of the following is an advantage angiosperms and gymnosperms have over mosses?
1. they are seed producing so can populate more areas
2. they can photosynthesize
3. they can use oxygen
4. they do not need water
Answer:
they are seed producing so can populate more areas
Explanation:
What does a mass extinction look like in the fossil record?
Answer:
There is less diversity in the fossil record
Explanation: when compared to older rock layers the fossil record will be less diverse
1 point
Which explanation best identifies the relationship between mitosis and
reproduction? *
Mitosis is a form of sexual reproduction because the daughter cells form from one
single parent cell.
Mitosis is a form of sexual reproduction because the daughter cells are genetically
different from the parent cell.
Mitosis is a form of asexual reproduction because the daughter cells form a new
nuclear membrane after reproduction.
Mitosis is a form of asexual reproduction because the daughter cells are genetically
identical to the parent cell.
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2. What might happen to the population of
rabbits if there were no foxes? sc.7.L.17.3
A
the population would increase
8 the population would decrease
© the population would stay the same
there would be no effect
D
What are 2 characteristics of index fossils?
Nicole lives in the Arctic which has a temperature as low as –40°C.
(a) What class of food should Nicole consume continuously to adapt herself to the cold temperature?
Oats, bananas, red meats, but STAY AWAY from drugs & alcohol!
The pituitary gland is most similar to:
A A worker in a factory
B A mail carrier
C The boss of a big office
D A security guard or police officer
Answer:
C. The boss of a big office
Explanation:
It tells all the other hormones what to do
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Which statements describe how traits are inherited? Check all that apply. An offspring always receives different alleles from each parent. An offspring always receives the same alleles from each parent. An offspring can receive different alleles or the same alleles from each par Traits are inherited when proteins are passed from parents to offspring. Traits are inherited when genes are passed from parents to offspring.
Answer:
Traits are inherited when genes are passed from parents to offspring.
Explanation:
that is the definition of family traits
Answer:
An offspring can receive different alleles or the same alleles from each parent
and
Traits are inherited when genes are passed from parents to offspring
Explanation:
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How are the organs attached to the other body systems?
the body has levels of organisms that built on each other cells make up tissues, tissues make up organs, and organs make up organs system the function of an organs system
depends on the the integrated activity of it organs for instance digestive system organs corporate to process food
When people living on hills put in concrete barriers, plywood fencing, and drainage pipes, they are trying ______________________
Answer: slow erosion down
Explanation:
In rabbits, straight ears (E) are dominant to floppy ears (e). Two rabbits are crossed, and 50% of their offspring have floppy ears. Which cross represents the genotypes of the parents?
1. DNA 2. Helicase 3. DNA Polymerase 4. DNA Replication 5. Pyrimidine a. Double stranded molecule that has a deoxyribose sugar. b. The end-product of this process are two identical copies of DNA. c. Enzyme that breaks hydrogen bonds to unwind and unzip DNA. d. Nitrogen containing base that has a single ring as its molecular structure. Thymine and Cytosine are an example of this type of molecule. e. Enzyme that covalently bonds sugars and phosphates during DNA replication.
Answer:
1. DNA-A.Double stranded molecule that has a deoxyribose sugar.
2. Helicase- C. Enzyme that breaks hydrogen bonds to unwind and unzip DNA
3.DNA Polymerase- E. Enzyme that covalently bonds sugars and phosphates during DNA replication
4.DNA Replication-B. The end-product of this process are two identical copies of DNA.
5.Pyrimidine-D. Nitrogen containing base that has a single ring as its molecular structure. Thymine and Cytosine are an example of this type of molecule.
Explanation:
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What would happen to the members of a food web if most of the trees died?
A. only the trees will be effected
B. only things that eat tree leaves will have less to eat
C. Nothing will happen
D. The whole food web will be disrupted
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How do living organisms maintain homeostasis within their bodies?
Answer:
The body regulates those levels in an example of homeostasis. When levels decrease, the parathyroid releases hormones. If calcium levels become too high, the thyroid helps out by fixing calcium in the bones and lowering blood calcium levels. The nervous system helps keep homeostasis in breathing patterns.
Explanation:
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Answer:
Look below.
Explanation:
They maintain homeostasis by regulating temp, glucose, toxins, blood pressure, and pH.
what happened to the
beak depth of finches born in 1978 compared to those born in 1976? Explain why you
think this occurred.
Answer:
Why do you think the average beak depth of the birds increased?
Explanation:
Because the drought reduced the number of seeds and finches with bigger beaks were able to eat the larger and harder seeds so more of them survived.
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What is the mass of a box accelerating at 3 m/s^2 applying 36 N of force? Hint: Mass = force / acceleration
Answer:
I have attached a picture of me explaining how to find the mass. Hope this helps, thank you !!
Give the one chain to the following DNA AATAGGTACCCATGTGCA To write the complementary dna chain. How many nucleotides does this molecule have in total? How many are the bonds that unite nucleotides together?
Answer:
AATAGGTACCCATGTGCA (original DNA sequence)
TTATCCATGGGTACACGT
Explanation:
Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T). Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C). There are 18 nucleotides in this sequence, as seen by the number of base pairs there are. Hydrogen bonds hold together the matching base pairs.
describe in on way in which the body gets rid of lactic acid
What is an advantage of biofuels?
Answer:
Advantages of Biofuels Biofuels are considered a green alternative to conventional fuels, which means that they have more advantages than disadvantages. 1. Biofuels are renewable resources of energy
Explanation:
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The lineage of pea plants produced round seeds for four generations. The plants that fertilized these pea plants also produced round seeds. However, in the fifth generation, the plant produced to two plants with wrinkled seeds. Can that be possible? Explain your answer using your pedigree chart.
Answer:
Explanation:
This happened because two fully recessive plants where introduced into the lineage. these plants where paired with the dominate verison. this would make all of the offspring have the two traits. this being said it would make it possible for the offspring to be Wrinkled Seeds.
When two heter0zyg0us individuals are crossed -simple d0minant inheritance-, or a heter0zyg0us individual is crossed with a h0m0zyg0us recessive one, they can produce h0m0zyg0us recessive subjects among the progeny. Heter0zyg0us individuals among the fourth generation got crossed with another plant (h0m0zyg0us recessive or heter0zyg0us) and produced two h0m0zyg0us recessive plants expressing wrinkle seeds.
---------------------------
The first step is to understand the given information. So,
The first four generations produced round seedsPlants that fertilized these plants also produced round seeds (see generation II) Among the fifth generation there are two plants with wrinkled seedsLet us assume that a diallelic gene determines the shape of seeds.
D0minant allele R codes for round seedsRecessive allele r codes for wrinkle seedsNow, let us analyze the pedigree. According to the information provided here, we can tell that
black figures represent h0m0zyg0us d0minant individuals, grey figures represent heter0zyg0us individualsempty figures represent h0m0zyg0us recessive individualsRemember that Generations are represented with roman numbers.
We will name the plants with numbers from 1 to 26.
According to the information in the statement and the information in the pedigree, we can say that grey individuals from the fourth generation are heter0zyg0us expressing round seeds. They can produce wrinkle seeds, if they are fertilized by another heter0zyg0us plant or a h0m0zygous recessive one.
Option 1:
Two heter0zyg0us plants are crossed, and their offspring have wrinkled seeds.
Option 2:
One heter0zyg0us plant is crossed with a h0m0zyg0us recessive one, and their offspring have wrinkled seeds. Let us see the cross
Look at the attached files for a better understanding
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How does an organism obtain C6H12O6 and O2 to
undergo respiration?
Answer:
oxygen is given off during photosynthesis as a waste product
Explanation:
this is something that only plants and some algae and bacteria can do. they take sunlight and combined C02 and H20. they create glucose (C6H1206) and oxygen gas (02).