All of the following are true of antibodies EXCEPT that they destroy virus-infected cells because antibodies are bind to pathogens and antigens.
Antibodies remove foreign chemicals from the body by attaching to particular antigens. The variable section of the antibody binds to the pathogen when it gets into the body as a pathogen, such as a hazardous bacteria or virus, and ultimately causes a number of activities, such as the pathogen's elimination.
Viruses and intracellular bacteria attach to particular molecules on the surface of the target cell in order to enter the cell. This can be avoided as the pathogen is said to be neutralised by antibodies that bind to it. Antibodies' ability to neutralise bacterial toxins is crucial for preventing their entry into cells.
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what is a benefit of genetic engineering
A: Does not require any technology.
B: Supported by long term research.
C: No controversy surrounding its use.
D: Can produce non naturally occurring traits.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
the other answers are incorrect
In the global open oceans, microbial blooms in surface water around the poles is dominated by ___________, and by ____________ in tropical regions.
In the global open oceans, microbial blooms in surface water around the poles is dominated by the Dinoflagellate Polarella glacialis, and by Trichodesmium in tropical regions.
What are Microbial blooms?The microbial blooms are also known as bacterial blooms. These are caused by an sudden increase in the growth of the bacteria across the water columns.
This sudden increase of the bacteria in the water columns leads to cloudy and milky appearance of the water body which is easily visible.
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A client is admitted with cellulitis and experiences a consequent increase in white blood cell count. during what process will pathogens be engulfed by white blood cells that ingest foreign particles?
During phagocytosis, pathogens are engulfed by white blood cells that ingest foreign particles.
In addition to being present in practically every type of cell in multicellular species, phagocytosis is a fundamental function for nourishment in unicellular creatures. But only a specific class of cells known as professional phagocytes are highly effective at phagocytosis. These specialized cells include osteoclasts, neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages. Professional phagocytes are in charge of clearing pathogens from the environment and presenting antigens to lymphocytes to trigger an adaptive immune response. Fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells are referred to as non-professional phagocytes since they are only capable of performing phagocytosis with poor efficiency.learn more about phagocytosis here: https://brainly.com/question/12977970
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The leverage of the biceps brachii applies its force six times closer to the fulcrum (elbow joint) than the resistance. this means it will need to exert ________ kg of force to support a load of 6 kg.
The leverage of the biceps brachii applies its force six times closer to the fulcrum (elbow joint) than the resistance. this means it will need to exert 36 kg of force to support a load of 6 kg.
The triceps brachii (TB) is the only muscle that lies along the posterior humerus. It is a 3-headed, fusiform muscle that, on the shoulder, works in a third-elegance lever since the force is implemented among the joint axis and the weight.
Within the elbow joint, the triceps brachii muscle attaches to the olecranon method of the ulna posterior to the elbow joint. While the triceps contract, it pulls the olecranon procedure proximally, swinging the ulna distally and lengthening the forearm.
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A sprinter would experience muscle fatigue sooner than a marathon runner due to?
Muscle fatigue sooner due to anaerobic metabolism in the muscles of the sprinter.
Anaerobic metabolism creates energy by burning carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen. This happens when your lungs can't put sufficient oxygen into the bloodstream to keep up with the demands of your muscular tissues for energy. Anaerobic metabolism, which can be described as ATP production without oxygen (or in the absence of oxygen), occurs by direct phosphate transfer from phosphorylated intermediates, together with glycolytic intermediates or creatine phosphate (CRP), to ADP forming ATP.
Anaerobic metabolism at the cellular stage occurs when oxygen transport and tissue oxygenation are compromised. this can be a result of hypoxemia, anemia, inadequate systemic blood waft, or a mixture of these factors.
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The terrestrial invertebrates, such as the insects of the Carboniferous grew very large. They evolved many innovations such as specialized mouthparts, and the new ability to _______.
They evolved many innovations such as specialized mouthparts, and the new ability to fly.
What is the Carboniferous period?The Carboniferous period is the period that existed between 350 - 300 million years ago.
Some terrestrial invertebrates which are air-breathing insects, myriapods and arachnids are known to have existed in that era.
With time these insects tend to develop new features through mutations and natural selection leading to;
Development of specialised mouthparts that helps in feeding andThe ability to fly.Natural selection is defined as the process that is used by organisms to adapt properly especially to a new environment which helps them to reproduce and survive.
Mutation is defined as the change in the genetic sequence of a chromosome.
Therefore, the terrestrial invertebrates, such as the insects of the Carboniferous evolved many innovations such as specialized mouthparts, and the new ability to fly.
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What kind of traits found in a group of organisms provides the strongest evidence for common ancestry of that group?
What kind of traits found in a group of organisms provides the strongest evidence for common ancestry of that group? Although the characteristics are similar, they serve various purposes in the group members.
What is common ancestry?The idea that all cellular life forms on earth share a single genesis is widely held. The universality of the genetic code and the universal conservation of several genes, especially those that code for essential elements of the translation system, support this viewpoint. By contrasting the capacity of a common-ancestry model with a multiple-ancestry model to predict the sequences of universally conserved proteins, an impressive recent work asserts to provide a formal, homology independent evaluation of the Universal Common Ancestry hypothesis.
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Schleiden concluded all plants are made of cells and Schwann concluded the same thing about animals. Together, how did they contribute to cell theory?
They proved that cells are neither created nor destroyed.
They published several ideas on cell generation.
O They created the theories on the division of cells.
O They claimed that cells were the basic unit of all living organisms.
They created the theories on the division of cells.
What about cells in plant and animal?The smallest unit of life, cells serve as the foundation for all living things. Each part of a cell has a specific purpose. Both differences and similarities exist between plant and animal cells. The mitochondria, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus are all present in both plant and animal cells.The fundamental unit of life in species belonging to the kingdom Plantae is the cell. They are eukaryotic cells, which have specialized components called organelles and a real nucleus that performs several duties.Animal cells are typical eukaryotic cells since they have a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles and are encased in a plasma membrane.
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Answer:
D
Explanation:
I got it right on my quiz also if you look at what Schleiden and Schwann wrote they even said that “All living things are made up of one or more cells.” Which basically explains option D.
Hemiplegia is the Group of answer choices paralysis of the side of the body that is contralateral to the injured brain region. paralysis of the side of the body that is ipsilateral to the injured brain region. loss of sensory feedback from the side of the body that is contralateral to the injured brain region. loss of sensory feedback from the side of the body that is ipsilateral to the injured brain region.
Hemiplegia is the paralysis of the side of the body that is contralateral to the injured brain region.
Hemiplegia is a condition brought about by brain damage or spinal cord injury that prompts loss of motion on one side of the body. That outcomes in a fluctuating level of weakness, stiffness (spasticity), and absence of control on affected side of the body. The effects of hemiplegia relying upon the area and degree of the injury. The definition comes from the Greek 'Hemi' = half.
Hemiparesis on the contralateral side of the body, since the corticospinal tract projects dominatingly to the contralateral side of the body. Harm to the right half of the mind influences the left half of the body, and harm to the left half of the cerebrum influences the right half of the body.
Loss of motion happens on the body inverse to the side of the brain in which the causal lesion happens.
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A _____ is a series of steps used to determine solutions based on needs and wants.
A Scientific method is a series of steps used to determine solutions based on needs and wants.
What is needs assessment?A needs assessment is a process that bridges the gap between an organization's current state and the desired conditions. It is a systematic procedure for identifying and addressing performance gaps as well as repairing any defects that may occur in an organization.
What are the six steps of the scientific method?Describe the issue :Observation with intentresearch : learn more about the subjecteducated guess : hypothesis forecast the outcome of the problemexperiment :Create a procedure for testing the hypothesis.analyze :Keep track of the experiment's outcomes.conclusion : compare the hypothesis to the results of the experimentWhat are the Characteristic Features of Scientific Methods?Students learn to identify and formulate scientific problems correctly and in an organized manner using scientific methods.Students are trained in information processing techniques using scientific methods.Scientific methods help students develop the ability to think critically and rationally, allowing them to make decisions on logical and rational grounds.Learn more about steps of Scientific methods:
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What unique social interactions are used by spinner dolphins and pilot whales?
They use mutualism, echo-location to communicate.
It is a unique social interactions that are used by spinner dolphins and pilot whales. They spin as a social interaction, they start to hunt.
It is the mutualism, because create a bait ball of the fish they want to eat.
The spinner Dolphins ( Stenella longirostris ) commonly use inshore island and atoll habitats for daytime rest and social interactions and forage over deep waters at night. In Hawaii, they occur throughout the archipelago.
The pilot whales are in fact one of the largest members of the dolphin family, but they are treated as whales for the Marine Mammals Protection Regulations 1992. Although they are named pilot whales because it was thought that each pod followed a 'pilot' in the group.
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What purpose does defining the area of investigation in excavation of skeletal remains serve?
The Forensic Biologist's primary job and responsibility is to provide information leading to the identity of the person, the cause of death, and the time since death.
purpose of defining the area of investigation in excavation of skeletal remains serve for :
Age Determination: It is possible to estimate a person's age based on their bones. If the entire skull is available, the scientist's task becomes easier because tooth eruption and fusion of skull sutures are important characteristics on which an opinion on the age can be given with a high degree of certainty.Determination of Cause and Manner of Death: In order to provide an opinion on the cause and manner of death, the forensic biologist closely examines each bone, its pieces, and fragments to look for signs of injuries that could have resulted in death. In many homicide cases, an examination of the skull reveals a variety of fracture patterns, including bullet holes, which helps to determine the cause of death.What is the importance of exhumation in criminal investigation?Exhumation is essential in criminal investigations. It aids in the identification of the perpetrators in many mysterious murder cases. To seal the skeletal remains in order to send them first for post-mortem examination and then to the Forensic Science Laboratory for additional examinations.
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What is pulmonary respiration? I need this answer ASAP pls
Answer:
The breath through the lungs is called pulmonary respiration.
Explanation:
The mechanism of lung breathing: Includes breathing movement, exchange of gases, lungs, transport of gases through the blood and exchange of gas by tissue. Breathing Movement.
____________________ theory is the theory that proposes that chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved from certain types of bacteria that eukaryotic cells engulfed.
The endosymbiotic theory proposed that the mitochondria and the chloroplast evolve from some types of bacteria which the eukaryotic cells engulfed.
The endosymbiotic theory tries to explain how the eukaryotic cells came into existence from prokaryotic cells. According to this theory, the eukaryotic organelles like the mitochondria and the chloroplasts were actually free living prokaryotes and were taken in one after the other via endosymbiosis.
This theory has been backed by evidences which establish the phylogenetic similarity between mitochondria and bacteria and also between chloroplast and cyanobacteria. The evidences include the presence of circular DNA in both chloroplast as well as the mitochondria and also the fact they divide by binary fission like bacteria.
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The cell body of a neuron contains the?
Answer:
the nucleus..
The cell body is the spherical part of the neuron that contains the nucleus and connects to the dendrites, which bring information into the neuron, and the axon, which sends information to other neurons.
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How would replacing the aluminum core of an electromagnet with an iron
core affect the electromagnet?
OA. It would become stronger.
OB. It would become weaker.
C. Its strength would vary randomly.
D. Its strength would stay the same.
Replacing the aluminum core of an electromagnet with an iron core would make it to become a stronger electromagnet.
What is an electromagnet?An electromagnet refers to a magnet that is produced by electromagnetic induction. The core of an electromagnetic determines the overall strength of the electromagnet.
Since aluminum is a weaker magnet than iron, replacing the aluminum core of an electromagnet with an iron core would make it to become a stronger electromagnet.
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The cells of plants and animals are similar, except for a few different structures. Which structures are only found in plant cells?
endoplasmic reticulum
ribosomes
cell membrane
lysosomes
peroxisomes
vesicles
large central vacuole
Golgi complex
cytoskeleton
mitochondria
cell wall
Answer:
large central vacuole
cell wall
Explanation:
Let me clear some things up for you. There are two types of cells - Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. The principle difference between these types of cells are the structure of their genome. In case of prokaryotes, the genomic matter do not have a defined structure, it just kind of floats around in the protoplasm. But in the eukaryotes, the genome is more structured, have all kinds of proteins associated with them, and is surrounded by a two layered sack called the nuclear membrane. Both plant and animal cells have these feature of structured nucleus, therefore, they are both eukaryotes.
Now for the difference between plant and animal cells. the features you mentioned are unique about plant cells, but do not rule them out from being eukaryotes, as the 'true' structure of the nucleus is still there. Cell walls are necessary for the plant cells because plants do not posses an endoskeleton like most of the animals do. The cell wall makes the whole plant rigid so they don't fall apart or appear like a blob. Chloroplast is where photosynthesis happens, so it should most definitely be in a plant cell. Animals don't do photosynthesis so they don't have chloroplasts. Vacuoles are also present in animal cells, but they are much smaller, greater in number, and are known as lysosomes. Functionally they are virtually the same.
ANSWER:
Both plants and animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms and most of the organelles in cells of animals and plants are similar, such as cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and ribosomes.
However, there are some organelles that are only found in plant or animal cells. Organelles that are found only in plant cells include chloroplasts, cell wall, and large central vacuoles. The cell wall provides rigidity and protection to the plant cells, chloroplast help in photosynthesis, and large vacuoles act as storage organelles.
Thus, the correct options are 'chloroplasts, cell wall, and large central vacuole.'
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If a mutation occurs when forming a _____, the mutation could be passed on to the next generation.
If a mutation occurs when forming a germ cell the mutation could be passed on to the next generation. If a gene is altered in a germ cell, the mutation is termed a germinal mutation. Because germ cells give rise to gametes, some gametes will carry the mutation and it will be passed on to the next generation when the individual successfully mates.
A mutation passed to the next generation when acquired mutation occurs in an egg or sperm cell. Once an acquired mutation is passed down, it is a hereditary mutation. Acquired mutations are not passed down if they occur in the somatic cells, meaning body cells other than sperm cells and egg cells.
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Based on your ph testing results, can you categorize either of the microbes as acidophiles, neutrophiles, or alkaliphiles? explain your answer in relation to data table 2
Bacteria are classified according to the pH range in which they can grow. Neutrophile pH range: 5.5 - 8. Acidophile pH range: 0 - 5.5. Alkaliphiles pH range: 7.5 - 11.
Note: Since I did not find the table 2, I will explain what the classification of bacteria is, and propose examples for you to understand. Then, you will have to make your classification according to the table.
What is bacteria classification concerning pH?
Bacteria are cells that have different environmental requirements. Concerning pH, most bacteria have an acidic range in which they can grow keeping constant their internal pH level.
According to their pH requirement, bacteria can be classified as,
NeutrophilesThese cells can grow in environments in which pH is around the neutral pH level ⇒ 5.5 - 8
AcidophilesThese are bacteria that grow in acid environments with pH inferior to the neutral pH level ⇒ 0 - 5.5
AlkaliphilesThese bacteria grow in basic environments with pH superior to the neutral pH level ⇒ 7.5 - 11
Examples,
Bacteria pH range Classification
Escherichia coli 6-8 neutrophiles
Salmonella spp 5-8 neutrophiles
Lactobacillus acidophilus 4-6.5 acidophiles
Vibrio cholerae 8-11 alkaliphiles
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How much time does it take for a 1-solar-mass protostar to reach the main sequence?
a. 10–100 million years
b. less than 10,000 years
c. 100,000 to 1 million years
d. 1–10 billion years
a. 10–100 million years is the answer.
Solar mass stars are thought to accrete rapidly. Premain sequence solar mass protostars are probably formed by the collapse of part of a molecular cloud into the "cloud core" in about 105 years (Hartmann, 2000). Strong outflows and jets are sometimes observed.
Star formation begins with the collapse of molecular clouds and fragmentation into highly dense masses. These masses initially contain about 0.01 solar masses, but increase in mass as the surrounding matter is collected by accretion.
Protostars are very young stars, still collecting mass from their original molecular clouds. The protostar stage is the earliest in the process of stellar evolution.
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Ms. C has recently received a heart transplant. Unfortunately, she is producing large quantities of antibodies against antigens in the donor heart. From what is Ms. C suffering
Answer: she is suffering from something called rejection syndrome
Explanation:
hope this helped a bit
fossil fuel and nuclear plants both heat warer in order to turn into __?
Hello,
fossil fuel and nuclear plants both heat water in order to turn into turbines.
The main function of tonsils is to detect and protect against infections agents that are?
The main function of tonsils is to detect and protect against infections agents that are ingested and/or inhaled.
What are tonsils?The tonsils are structures located in the back of throat, which play diverse functions including immune responses.
The tonsils are well known to protect against microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses when they are found in the airways and gastrointestinal tract.
In conclusion, the main function of tonsils is to detect and protect against infections agents that are ingested and/or inhaled.
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the drop down answers are
1.
cardiac
skeletal
smooth
2.
brain
muscle tissue
spinal cord
Answer:
1. skeletal
2. brain
When people are asked to rate one of their own personality traits, they tend to?
When people are asked to rate one of their own personality traits, they generally tend to rate at a higher scale for the trait when compared to others.
What is self overestimation?Self overestimation refers to the judgment calculation which tends to be excessively favorable for the person who is comparing with others.
Self overestimation is a common problem when people need to have a conception of a particular trait of the feature, , but this phenomenon is associated with biases that distort the real value of the trait.
In conclusion, when people are asked to rate one of their own personality traits, they generally tend to rate at a higher scale for the trait when compared to others.
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According to the gate control theory of pain, the structure that is the likely location of the gate is: Group of answer choices the substantia gelatinosa. the ventral horns of the spinal cord. the transverse section of the medulla. supraspinal nerve endings.
According to the gate control theory of pain, the structure that is the likely location of the gate is the substantia gelatinous.
What is substantia gelatinous?A group of cells called the substance gelatinosa can be found in the spinal cord's gray matter (dorsal horns). It receives direct input from the dorsal (sensory) nerve roots, particularly those fibers from pain and thermoreceptors, and is present at all levels of the cord.The spinal cord has a system that permits pain signals to be amplified in the brain before being processed at the spinal cord itself, or attenuated there, in accordance with the Gate Control Theory of Pain.The "gate" is the device that either permits or forbids the transmission of pain signals.To feel intense pain if the gates are more open since many more pain signals will flow through to the brain. The likelihood that you will feel less discomfort increases as the gates are more tightly shut.
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Write a testable question that could be used to further investigate the topic of using the fossil record to identify changes in life on earth.
What kind of organisms existed in the past?
How did organisms move about? are some testable questions hat could be used to further investigate the topic of using the fossil record to identify changes in life on earth.
Fossils are the remains of extinct plants and animals that have been encased in layers of rock.The existence of fossil records demonstrates how living things have altered or evolved over time. The specific order in which these species have lived has been identified by paleontologists. For instance, older rocks contained simpler species, while younger rocks contained complex life.Existence of species with transitional traits that are placed in sequential stratigraphic order is one pattern in the fossil record. This indicates that the fossil record demonstrates minute changes in the structures of creatures across time, supporting evolution.learn more about fossil here: https://brainly.com/question/11224681
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The primary function of the nephron loop is to generate a medullary ecf osmotic gradient that allows for what?.
The primary function of the nephron loop is to generate a medullary ecf osmotic gradient that allows reabsorption of water and sodium chloride from the filtrate.
What is a nephron loop?
Nephron loop is also known as Henle loop. The descending limb and ascending limb of the nephron loop are U-shaped tubes with different permeabilities. Normally, the collecting duct and distal convoluted tubule are impervious to water, but hormone stimulation during homeostasis changes this.nephron is present in U-shape and extends through the medulla of the kidneyFunctions of nephron loop:
Its major function is to reabsorb sodium chloride and water from the filtrate. By conserving water, the organism can produce urine that is extremely concentrated.To learn more about nephron loop visit:
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The primary function of the nephron loop is to generate a medullary ecf osmotic gradient that allows reabsorption of water and sodium chloride from the filtrate.
What is a nephron loop?
Nephron loop is also known as Henle loop.
The descending limb and ascending limb of the nephron loop are U-shaped tubes with different permeabilities.
Normally, the collecting duct and distal convoluted tubule are impervious to water, but hormone stimulation during homeostasis changes this.
nephron is present in U-shape and extends through the medulla of the kidney
Functions of nephron loop:
Its major function is to reabsorb sodium chloride and water from the filtrate.
By conserving water, the organism can produce urine that is extremely concentrated.
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A usable dilution of disinfectant is one that prevents growth of bacteria when compared with the positive control tube. reduces the growth of bacteria when compared to the positive control tube. increases the growth of bacteria when compared to the positive control tube.
When compared to the positive control, a disinfectant dilution is considered to be useful if it stops bacterial growth.
Choosing a disinfectant:
When selecting a disinfectant, keep the following things in mind:
The range of bacteria that need to be eliminated. Look into the specifications of the manufacturers.The conditions of usage of disinfectant.Application of disinfectants :
Activity: it is necessary for efficient disinfection since, once diluted, it degrades over time. Different disinfectants deteriorate at different rates. Obtain data from the manufacturers. Disinfectants that don't have a color indication, like Virkon, should be marked with an expiration date.Touch time: it has to be verified that the manufacturer's data to make sure the organism stays in contact for the specified amount of time. Considering that solid materials like cells and tissue granules are difficult for disinfectants to penetrate, autoclaving would be a more effective way to inactivate.Therefore the correct choice is an option (A).
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Why is Baraminology not a perfect system
Systematics is based on data while baraminology is based on worldview. According to evolutionary theory, a derived trait can lead to a completely new type of animal. There is no place for genetics in baraminology. Baraminology uses both genetics and physical features to classify organisms.