Allison thinks she has more power than the other party in a negotiation. As a result, she will probably use the distributive approach when she negotiates.
The distributive approach is a bargaining strategy in which the goal is to get as much of the available resources as possible. The resources are considered limited in this approach, and both parties compete to get their fair share. A distributive approach works well when there is a single issue to be resolved, and both parties' goals are diametrically opposed.
The distributive approach has several advantages, including saving time and reducing the need for information-sharing between parties. It also helps to create a clear understanding of the problem and reduces the likelihood of misunderstandings. On the other hand, the distributive approach may have some drawbacks, such as the tendency for the parties to become too competitive and create a win-lose situation. In the end, one party comes out ahead, while the other is at a loss.
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The Nature of Organization Design Imagine that you are a consultant and have been asked to lead the redesign of a large corporation. You will need to collect and consider a lot of information about the organization's strategic direction and how the organization works now. Then you'll need to consider how best to combine the building blocks of organizations to create an effective structure for this company. Before beginning to work through the details of this big project, yo decide to reflect on what you know about organization design in general. Select the correct response to the following question. What must be kept in mind as a guiding principle during the organization redesign? It should reflect today's most popular management philosophies more than the ideas of organization stakeholders. It should take into account all six building blocks of organizations and how they relate to each other. It should have deep roots in the history of the organization since while strategies change, the organization design should not. It should conform closely to a universal model of organization design, since variances from a pure model are essentially defects.
Answer:
The guiding principle during organization redesign should be to take into account all six building blocks of organizations and how they relate to each other.
Explanation:
The guiding principle during organization redesign should be to take into account all six building blocks of organizations and how they relate to each other.
ms. ray is age 46 and single. this year, mr. ray's retirement savings included a $2,720 employer contribution to a qualified profit-sharing plan account, and a contribution by ms. ray to a traditional ira. mr. ray contributed the maximum allowed. required:
a. compute ms. ray's ira deduction if current year income includes $57,100 salary. b. compute ms. ray's ira deduction if current year income includes $71,350 salary. c. compute ms. ray's ira deduction if current year income includes $71,350 salary and $7,630 dividend income.
Compute Ms. Ray's IRA deduction if the current year income includes $57,100 salary.The maximum IRA contribution allowed for tax deduction in 2020 for those under the age of 50 was $6,000. The maximum amount deductible was phased out between certain income limits.
Ms. Ray's income from salary: $57,100Ms. Ray contributed the maximum allowed to a traditional IRA: $6,000Ms. Ray's MAGI (Modified Adjusted Gross Income) for this deduction is:$57,100 − $6,000 = $51,100The maximum amount of Ms. Ray's deduction is: $6,000.Ms. Ray's deduction is gradually phased out between $32,000 and $42,000. Since her income of $51,100 exceeds this range, her maximum contribution is phased out by $9,100 ($51,100 - $32,000).The amount of Ms. Ray's allowable IRA deduction is: $6,000 - ($9,100/15,000) × $6,000= $6,000 - $3,660= $2,340.b) Compute Ms. Ray's IRA deduction if the current year income includes $71,350 salary. For this scenario, Ms. Ray's income is over the threshold and she is not qualified for the traditional IRA deduction. Therefore, Ms. Ray's IRA deduction is zero.c) Compute Ms. Ray's IRA deduction if the current year income includes $71,350 salary and $7,630 dividend income.Ms. Ray's total income is: $71,350 + $7,630= $79,980. Her contribution of $6,000 is greater than her maximum allowable deduction of $2,340 as her income exceeds the $65,000 phase-out limit.The amount of Ms. Ray's allowable IRA deduction is:$2,340 - (($79,980 - $65,000)/$10,000) × ($2,340)= $2,340 - ($1,498 / $10,000) × ($2,340)= $2,340 - $0.35 × $2,340= $2,340 - $819= $1,521. Therefore, Ms. Ray's IRA deduction if the current year income includes $71,350 salary and $7,630 dividend income is $1,521.
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You are designing a new system for detecting an explosive device. Your current design has a 1% false negative rate and a 5% false positive rate. The estimated frequency of actual devices through a typical security check point where the system will be employed is 1 in 5,000. Use the variables E to represent the explosive device and D (or D1 and D2) to represent the detector(s).
a) What is the probability that when the detector indicates the presence of an explosive device that the person is actually carrying one? Show your work?
b) On average, how many people will have to be detained and inspected for every device detected?
c) Now suppose you have additional equipment that gives you an independent test for the same types of devices, but it’s noisier: the false negative rate is 5% and the false positive rate is 10%. What is the probability of a device when both of them signal a detection? Show your work.
There is a 1.96% chance that the individual carrying the device is carrying it when the detector alerts to its presence. For each device found, an average of 20 persons will need to be held and inspected.
Which of the following can be applied to explosives analysis?Chromatographic methods, including thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, and, more recently, high-pressure liquid chromatography, are the ones that are most frequently employed for the examination of explosives. One of the earliest, simplest, and most often used techniques for finding explosives is colorimetrics.
P(E|D) = P(D|E) * P(E) / P(D)
where:
P(E|D) = probability of an explosive device given a positive detection
P(D|E) = probability of a positive detection given an explosive device = 1 - false negative rate = 0.99
P(E) = probability of an device = 1/5000
P(D) = probability of a positive detection = P(D|E) * P(E) + P(D|~E) * P(~E)
where:
P(D|~E) = probability of a positive detection given no device = false positive rate = 0.05
P(~E) = probability of no explosive device = 1 - P(E) = 4999/5000
P(D) = (0.99 * 1/5000) + (0.05 * 4999/5000) = 0.05009
Therefore,
P(E|D) = 0.99 * 1/5000 / 0.05009 ≈ 0.0198 or 1.98%
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Osage Inc. has actual sales for May and June and forecast sales for July, August, September, and October as follows:Actual: May 8,300 unitsJune 8,700 unitsForecast: July 8,400 unitsAugust 9,500 unitsSeptember 7,800 unitsOctober 7,400 unitsRequired:a. The firm’s policy is to have finished goods inventory on hand at the end of the month that is equal to 80% of the next month’s sales. It is currently estimated that there will be 6,600 units on hand at the end of June. Calculate the number of units to be produced in each of the months of July, August, and September.b. Each unit of finished product requires four pounds of raw materials. The firm’s policy is to have raw material inventory on hand at the end of each month that is equal to 70% of the next month’s estimated usage. It is currently estimated that 26,000 pounds of raw materials will be on hand at the end of June. Calculate the number of pounds of raw materials to be purchased in each of the months of July and August.
In the following question, among the Various parts to solve on forecasting - A- July: 1,680 units, August: 1,900 units, September: 1,560 units. B- July: 10,080 pounds, August: 11,400 pounds.
a. The firm's policy is to have finished goods inventory on hand at the end of the month which is equal to 80% of the next month's sales. Based on the given information, we can calculate the number of units to be produced in each of the months of July, August, and September:
July: 8,400 units x (1-0.8) = 1,680 unitsAugust: 9,500 units x (1-0.8) = 1,900 unitsSeptember: 7,800 units x (1-0.8) = 1,560 unitsb. Each unit of finished product requires four pounds of raw materials. The firm's policy is to have raw material inventory on hand at the end of each month which is equal to 70% of the next month's estimated usage. Based on the given information, we can calculate the number of pounds of raw materials to be purchased in each of the months of July and August:
July: 8,400 units x 4 pounds = 33,600 pounds x (1-0.7) = 10,080 poundsAugust: 9,500 units x 4 pounds = 38,000 pounds x (1-0.7) = 11,400 poundsFor more such questions on forecasting
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as a result of the 1783 laki fissure event in iceland, blank . multiple select question. a famine killed about 10,000 people volcanic gases killed more than half of the country's livestock (horses, sheep, and cattle) several important fishing ports were damaged, leading to a major economic downturn the growth of important agricultural plants was slowed
The Laki Fissure Event of 1783 was an eight-month long eruption that had a devastating effect on Iceland. It began with a series of earthquakes that opened a new fissure in the Earth's crust and released large amounts of sulfur dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere.
This caused an extreme amount of air pollution and a long-lasting haze that blocked the sun, resulting in a famine that killed about 10,000 people. The volcanic gases also killed more than half of the country's livestock, such as horses, sheep, and cattle. Additionally, several important fishing ports were damaged in the eruption, leading to a major economic downturn.
Finally, the growth of important agricultural plants was slowed due to the lack of sunlight, further damaging the country's food supply and economy. All in all, the Laki Fissure Event of 1783 had an immense impact on Iceland and its people.
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under the pregnancy discrimination act, a. employers may not refuse to hire a pregnant woman, fire her, or force her to take maternity leave. b. the bfoq defense is not available. c. employers must give family leave to fathers of newborns as well as to mothers.
Under the Pregnancy Discrimination Act (PDA), employers may not refuse to hire a pregnant woman, fire her, or force her to take maternity leave.
What is PDA?PDA is a federal law that prohibits discrimination based on pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions. Pregnancy discrimination is discrimination against women on the grounds of pregnancy or childbirth. This discrimination can manifest in a variety of ways.
According to the PDA, an employer cannot discriminate against an employee or job applicant because of her pregnancy or a pregnancy-related medical condition. An employer cannot force a pregnant employee to take leave or ask her to leave because of her pregnancy.
A pregnant employee has the right to work until the time she is no longer able to perform her job. An employer must offer the same treatment to a pregnant employee as to any other employee who is temporarily disabled.
In addition, the PDA applies to all aspects of employment, including hiring, promotion, pay, training, job assignments, and fringe benefits.
It also includes health insurance, leave, and retirement benefits. Any type of discrimination or harassment based on pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions is illegal under the PDA.
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Consider the following multifactor (APT) model of security returns for a particular stock. Factor Factor Beta Factor Risk Premium Inflation 1.2 6% Industrial production 0.5 8 Oil prices 0.3 3 a) If T-bills currently offer a 6% yield, find the expected rate of return on this stock if the market views the stock as fairly priced. b)Suppose that the market expected the values for the three macro factors given in column 1 below, but that the actual values turn out as given in column 2. Calculate the revised expectations for the rate of return on the stock once the "surprises" become known. Factor Expected Rate of Change Actual Rate of Change Inflation 5% 4% Industrial production 6 Oil prices 2. 0
The expected rate of return on the stock has decreased from 18.1% to 14.4% due to the "surprises" in the macro factors.
a) Expected Rate of Return = RFR + beta1*(RPM1) + beta2*(RPM2) + beta3*(RPM3)
Where RFR stands for the risk-free rate of return, and RPM stands for risk premium. The beta values used in the formula can be taken from the table provided, and the risk premiums can also be calculated using the given data. The expected rate of return will be as follows:
Expected Rate of Return = 6% + 1.2*(6%) + 0.5*(8%) + 0.3*(3%)
Expected Rate of Return = 6% + 7.2% + 4% + 0.9%
Expected Rate of Return = 18.1%
b) Calculation of the revised expectations for the rate of return on the stock once the "surprises" become known. The actual values for the macro factors are different from the expected values, and therefore, the expected rate of return will also change. The new expected rate of return can be calculated using the formula provided in part (a), but with the actual values of the risk premiums.
Where RFR stands for the risk-free rate of return, and RPM stands for risk premium. The beta values used in the formula can be taken from the table provided, and the actual risk premiums can also be calculated using the given data. The revised expectations for the rate of return on the stock are given below:
Expected Rate of Return = 6% + 1.2*(4%) + 0.5*(6%) + 0.3*(2%)
Expected Rate of Return = 6% + 4.8% + 3% + 0.6%
Expected Rate of Return = 14.4%
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when critical thinkers gather information and ideas, the first step they take is to multiple choice make a list of what information is needed and where it can be found. decide on methods for gathering information. identify holes and weaknesses. collect needed resources by assigning members specific responsibilities for items in the master list. take stock of existing information.
When critical thinkers gather information and ideas, the first step they take is to decide on methods for gathering information.
What is critical thinking?Critical thinking refers to a person's ability to think independently and critically while also evaluating evidence to form well-rounded opinions. It involves being analytical, reflective, and objective about problems and ideas, while also accepting new information and ideas.
What is the first step in critical thinking?When critical thinkers gather information and ideas, the first step they take is to decide on methods for gathering information. This is important since the way they gather information will directly impact the quality of the final product's ideas, conclusions, opinions, and so on.
After they have decided on the methods for gathering information, they should then make a list of what information is needed and where it can be found. This helps them to stay organized and ensure that all relevant information is collected. Identifying holes and weaknesses is another step in the process.
This will help them to determine what they don't know and where more research is needed, which will assist them in creating a well-rounded argument or solution for their problem. They must then collect needed resources by assigning members specific responsibilities for items in the master list.
This will ensure that everyone on the team is contributing equally and that everything is completed efficiently. Finally, they should take stock of existing information. This allows them to determine what information they already have, what information they still need, and what information is missing or incomplete.
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which of the following are characteristics of new managers with individual identities? check all that apply.doing tasks by oneselfbuilding networksacting as a specialistacting as a generalis
New managers with individual identities typically exhibit the following characteristics Doing tasks by oneself, Building networks, and Acting as a specialist.
Characteristics of new managersBuilding networks: New managers with individual identities build networks to increase their influence, power, and learning opportunities.
Acting as a specialist: A new manager with an individual identity may act as a specialist, providing expertise in a particular area.
Doing tasks by oneself: New managers with individual identities may be independent and self-reliant. They can get things done on their own and take personal responsibility for their work.
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True or False: Business people are seldom targeted for kidnapping and ransom because businesses are viewed as apolitical
False. Business people can be targeted for kidnapping and ransom regardless of whether businesses are viewed as apolitical.
In fact, some kidnappings for ransom are motivated by financial gain, with the kidnappers targeting wealthy individuals or businesses for their perceived ability to pay a large ransom. Additionally, in some countries or regions with high levels of political instability or crime, businesses and their employees may be at a higher risk for kidnapping and extortion. It's important for businesses to take measures to protect their employees and assets in such environments, including providing security training and insurance coverage for kidnapping and ransom.
Therefore, while the view that businesses are apolitical may have some merit in certain situations, it is not a sufficient reason to suggest that business people are seldom targeted for kidnapping and ransom.
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Silas asks his friend Shelby to come to his property to go fishing at his pond. If he fails to warn her that the dock has a rotten spot and she falls through and is injured a. Silas would have breached his duty to warn invitees b. Silas would have breached his duty to trespassers. c. Silas has no duty to warn. d. None of the answers are correct.
In the following question, among the given options, Silas asks his friend Shelby to come to his property to go fishing at his pond. If he fails to warn her that the dock has a rotten spot and she falls through and is injured option a). Silas would have breached his duty to warn invitees."
In general, landowners owe invitees a duty to warn them of hidden, dangerous conditions that are not reasonably apparent.
Since Silas knew about the rotten spot in the dock, he had a duty to warn his invitee, Shelby, of the potential danger before she went fishing. Silas would have breached his duty to warn invitees. In general, landowners owe invitees a duty to warn them of hidden, dangerous conditions that are not reasonably apparent. Since Silas knew about the rotten spot in the dock, he had a duty to warn his invitee, Shelby, of the potential danger before she went fishing.
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what is the present value of an annual annuity payment of $7,000 made for 12 years with a required return of 5% with the first payment starting today? group of answer choices $ 3,898 $65,145 $62,043 $11,200
The present value of an annual annuity payment of $7,000 made for 12 years with a required return of 5% with the first payment starting today is $65,145.
How to solve for present value of an annuity?The present value of an annuity is the amount of money one would need today to equal a set amount of money that is paid in the future. This can be calculated using the formula for the present value of an annuity which is:
PVA = C x [(1 - (1 + r)^-n) / r]
where:
PVA = present value of an annuity
C = periodic payment
r = interest rate
n = number of periods.
For this question, the given details are:
C = $7,000
r = 5%
n = 12
Substitute these values in the formula:
PVA = $7,000 x [(1 - (1 + 0.05)^-12) / 0.05]
PVA = $7,000 x [(1 - (1.05)^-12) / 0.05]PVA = $65,145.
Therefore, the present value of an annual annuity payment of $7,000 made for 12 years with a required return of 5% with the first payment starting today is $65,145.
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a company discarded a computer system originally purchased for $8,050. the accumulated depreciation was $7,150. the company should recognize a (an): multiple choice $7,150 loss. $900 loss. $900 gain. $0 gain or loss. $8,050 gain.
When a company discards a computer system that was purchased for $8,050, and the accumulated depreciation was $7,150, the company should recognize a $900 loss. B is the correct answer.
How to calculate the loss?To calculate the loss on disposal of the computer system, we need to determine the book value of the asset first. The book value is the difference between the original cost and the accumulated depreciation.
Book value = Original cost - Accumulated depreciationBook value = $8,050 - $7,150Book value = $900Since the company discarded the computer system, there are no proceeds from the disposal, which means the proceeds are $0.
Loss on disposal = Book value - Proceeds from disposalLoss on disposal = $900 - $0Loss on disposal = $900Therefore, the company should recognize a $900 loss on disposal of the computer system.
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a firm can choose a global market entry strategy from among four choices: exporting, blank , joint venture, and direct investment. multiple choice question. strategic alliance importing market penetration licensing
A firm can choose a global market entry strategy from among four choices: exporting, licensing, join venture, and direct investment. Thus, D is the correct answer.
A firm seeking to enter a global market has four options to choose from: exporting, licensing, joint venture, and direct investment. Exporting involves selling products or services in a foreign market without establishing a physical presence there.
Licensing involves granting another company the right to use the firm's technology or intellectual property in exchange for a fee. Joint venture involves partnering with a local firm in a foreign market to share ownership, control, and profits.
Direct investment involves establishing a wholly-owned subsidiary or acquiring an existing company in the foreign market. Each strategy has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the firm must carefully consider factors such as market size, competition, and regulatory environment before making a decision.
This question should be provided as:
A firm can choose a global market entry strategy from among four choices: exporting, ____________, join venture, and direct investment.Learn more about global market entry strategy https://brainly.com/question/30898671
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Gross Margin Net Income Cost of Goods Sold. ______(absorption, variable) costing is acceptable for external reporting under U.S. GAAP. Absorption.
Gross Margin Net Income Cost of Goods Sold. Absorption costing is acceptable for external reporting under U.S. GAAP.
What is Gross Margin?
Gross margin is the difference between revenue and cost of goods sold, expressed as a percentage. Gross Margin Percentage is a measure of profitability, calculated as Gross Profit divided by Revenue. Net income is calculated by subtracting a business's expenses from its revenue. The result is a measure of a company's profitability, commonly referred to as the "bottom line" since it is typically found at the bottom of an income statement.
The following two methods of costing are generally recognized by U.S. GAAP for external financial reporting purposes: Variable costing is one, and absorption costing is the other. Under U.S. GAAP, the application of absorption costing results in a considerable difference in the reporting of net income relative to variable costing. Therefore, while absorption costing is allowable for external financial reporting under U.S. GAAP, many businesses choose to use variable costing for internal management purposes.
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T/F to determine filing status, a taxpayer's marital status is determined based on the number of days the taxpayer was married during the year compared to the number of days they were not married.
False.
A taxpayer's marital status is determined by their legal marital status as of December 31st of the tax year. Unless the taxpayer is legally married on December 31st, they will not be able to file as married filing jointly or married filing separately.
This determination is the same regardless of how many days the taxpayer was or was not married during the year. This is because the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) does not recognize common law marriages or legal separations for federal income tax filing purposes.
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There are three firms in an economy: A, B, and C. Firm A buys $350 worth of goods from firm B and $150 worth of goods from firm C, and produces 250 units of output, which it sells at $4 per unit. Firm B buys $200 worth of goods from firm A and nothing from firm C, and produces 250 units of output, which it sells at $6 per unit. Firm C buys $300 worth of goods from firm A and $100 worth of goods from firm B. It produces output worth $800. All other products are sold to consumers. Instructions: Round your answers to the nearest whole dollar amount. a) Calculate GDP. GDP = $ b) If a value-added tax (a tax on the total value added by each firm) of 15 percent is introduced, how much revenue will the government get? Revenue $ c) How much would government get if it introduced a 15 percent income tax? Revenue $ d) How much would government get if it introduced a 15 percent sales tax on final output? Instructions: Round your answer to the nearest whole dollar amount. $
In order to calculate GDP, we need to sum up the value of goods produced by all three firms. The value of the goods produced by each firm is equal to the price of their goods multiplied by the number of units produced. The government would receive revenue equal to 15 percent of $1,000 + 15 percent of $1,500 + 15 percent of $800, or $450.
Firm A produces 250 units of output worth $4 per unit, giving them a value of 250 x $4 = $1,000. Firm B produces 250 units of output worth $6 per unit, giving them a value of 250 x $6 = $1,500. Firm C produces output worth $800.
Therefore, the GDP of the economy is equal to the sum of the value of the goods produced by each firm, or $1,000 + $1,500 + $800 = $3,300.
If a value-added tax (VAT) of 15 percent is introduced, then the government would get revenue equal to 15 percent of the total value added by each firm. Firm A adds $1,000, Firm B adds $1,500, and Firm C adds $800, so the government would receive revenue equal to 15 percent of $1,000 + 15 percent of $1,500 + 15 percent of $800, or $450.
If the government introduces a 15 percent income tax, then the government would receive revenue equal to 15 percent of the total income of each firm. Firm A has income of $1,000, Firm B has income of $1,500, and Firm C has income of $800, so the government would receive revenue equal to 15 percent of $1,000 + 15 percent of $1,500 + 15 percent of $800, or $450.
If the government introduces a 15 percent sales tax on final output, then the government would receive revenue equal to 15 percent of the total output of each firm. Firm A produces 250 units of output worth $4 per unit, giving them a value of 250 x $4 = $1,000. Firm B produces 250 units of output worth $6 per unit, giving them a value of 250 x $6 = $1,500. Firm C produces output worth $800.
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a product life cycle curve that shows rapid sales on introduction and then an equally rapid decline occurs for which type of product?
The product life cycle curve that shows rapid sales on introduction and then an equally rapid decline occurs for a type of product known as a fad product.
What are fad product?
Fad products are characterized by a sudden surge in popularity or demand, usually driven by a new trend, fashion, or novelty factor. They typically experience a short, intense period of growth, known as the introduction or launch phase, followed by a rapid decline in sales once the novelty wears off or the trend fades away.
Fad products are often associated with impulse buying, and consumers may not have a strong attachment or loyalty to the product, which can result in a short life cycle. Examples of fad products include certain fashion items, toys, gadgets, or viral social media challenges.
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pensills, a manufacturer of pencils, offers to sell optimum school district 1,000,000 pencils for $1 million. the offer, which is signed by pensills' president, says that it will remain open for six months. optimum pays pensills $100 to keep the offer open for the six month period. when can pensills' revoke the offer?
Pensills can revoke the offer anytime before Optimum School District pays the $1 million for the pencils. The offer will remain open for six months but the it can still be revoked by Pensills at any time before Optimum pays for the pencils.
The offer is signed by Pensills' president and it states that the offer will be open for six months. In order to keep the offer open for the duration of the six-month period, Optimum School District pays Pensills $100.
Once the offer is revoked, Optimum School District no longer has an opportunity to purchase the pencils from Pensills, and therefore must look elsewhere for their pencils. If Pensills revokes the offer before Optimum pays the $1 million, then Optimum will be unable to purchase the pencils and the $100 payment to keep the offer open will be lost.
The $100 payment to keep the offer open is only valid for the six-month period specified in the offer and does not guarantee that the offer will not be revoked before the payment is made. If Pensills revokes the offer, then Optimum School District must look elsewhere for their pencils and the $100 payment will be lost.
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what was the primary way newspapers made money in the penny press era?
The penny press era in the United States began in the 1830s and was characterized by the emergence of affordable newspapers that were accessible to a broader audience.
The primary way newspapers made money during this time was through advertising.
Newspapers during the penny press era charged low subscription rates, usually only one cent, which made them accessible to a wider audience. However, this low cost did not provide enough revenue to sustain the newspapers. Therefore, newspapers relied heavily on advertising revenue to make a profit.
Newspapers sold advertising space to businesses, allowing them to reach a large audience at a low cost. Advertisements were prominently displayed in newspapers, often on the front page or in a prominent section of the paper, making them highly visible to readers.
Overall, advertising was the primary way newspapers made money in the penny press era. The low cost of the papers made them accessible to a broad audience, which made them attractive to advertisers looking to reach a large audience at a low cost.
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Stock Y has a beta of 1.8 and an expected return of 18.3 percent. Stock Z has a beta of 1.0 and an expected return of 11.3 percent. If the risk-free rate is 5.6 percent and the market risk premium is 6.6 percent, the reward-to-risk ratios for stocks Y and Z are and percent, respectively. Since the SML reward-to-risk is percent, Stock Y is and Stock Z is overvalued
what are the reward to risk ratios? and sml reward to risk
The reward-to-risk ratios for Stock Y and Z are 10.17% and 5.68%, respectively. The SML reward-to-risk ratio is 9.48%. Since Stock Y has a higher reward-to-risk ratio than the SML, it is undervalued. On the other hand, since Stock Z has a lower reward-to-risk ratio than the SML, it is overvalued.
Here's how to compute the reward-to-risk ratios:
The reward-to-risk ratio is the expected return (ER) of the stock minus the risk-free rate (Rf) divided by the beta (β) of the stock.
For Stock Y,
β = 1.8
ER = 18.3%
Rf = 5.6%
Market risk premium = 6.6%
Expected return of stock Y:
ER_Y = Rf + β(ER_m - Rf)
where, ER_m = Rf + Market risk premium
ER_Y = 5.6% + 1.8(6.6%) = 17.48%
Reward-to-risk ratio of Stock Y:
Reward-to-risk ratio of Y = (ER_Y - Rf) / β
Reward-to-risk ratio of Y = (17.48% - 5.6%) / 1.8 = 10.17%
For Stock Z,
β = 1.0
ER = 11.3%
Rf = 5.6%
Market risk premium = 6.6%
Expected return of stock Z:
ER_Z = Rf + β(ER_m - Rf)
where, ER_m = Rf + Market risk premium
ER_Z = 5.6% + 1.0(6.6%) = 12.2%
Reward-to-risk ratio of Stock Z:
Reward-to-risk ratio of Z = (ER_Z - Rf) / β
Reward-to-risk ratio of Z = (12.2% - 5.6%) / 1.0 = 5.68%
The SML reward-to-risk ratio is 9.48%.
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suppose real gdp is forecasted to grow by 2.03 %, the velocity of money has been stable, and the fed announces an inflation target of 2.70 %. what is the largest money growth rate the fed could implement and still achieve its inflation target?
The largest money growth rate the Fed could implement and still achieve its inflation target is 0.67%.
This is because the money growth rate required to achieve the Fed's inflation target is equal to the real GDP growth rate plus the inflation target.
In this case, the real GDP growth rate is 2.03% and the inflation target is 2.70%, so 2.03% + 2.70% = 0.67%. To achieve the Fed's inflation target, the money growth rate cannot exceed 0.67%.
The money growth rate required to achieve the Fed's inflation target is equal to the real GDP growth rate plus the inflation target. This is because when real GDP growth increases, so does the velocity of money (V). Since V is the ratio of nominal GDP (Y) to the money supply (M), Y/M = V.
In other words, an increase in real GDP growth results in an increase in V, which increases Y/M. Therefore, in order to achieve the Fed's inflation target of 2.70%, the money growth rate (M/M) must be at least equal to the sum of the real GDP growth rate (2.03%) and the inflation target (2.70%).
So, in this case, the largest money growth rate the Fed could implement and still achieve its inflation target is 0.67%.
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to boost holiday sales, ginsberg jewelry store is advertising the following promotion: "if more than five inches of snow fall in the first three days of the year (january 1 through january 3), all purchases made between thanksgiving and christmas are free!" based on historical sales records as well as experience with past promotions, the store manager believes that the total holiday sales between thanksgiving and christmas could range anywhere between $210,000 and $410,000 but is unsure of anything more specific. ginsberg has collected data on snowfall from december 16 to january 18 for the past several winters in the file ginsberg. (a) construct a simulation model to assess potential refund amounts so that ginsberg can evaluate the option of purchasing an insurance policy to cover potential losses. what distribution is most appropriate for modeling
To assess the potential refund amounts for the promotion run by Ginsberg jewelry store and to evaluate the option of purchasing an insurance policy, we need to construct a simulation model. The most appropriate distribution for modeling would be the normal distribution.
Determine the simulation modelThe simulation model for evaluating the potential refund amounts for the promotion run by Ginsberg jewelry store will be based on the following assumptions:
It will be assumed that the snowfall data for each of the past several winters are independent and identically distributed, drawn from the same probability distribution, for a total of 32 observations.It will be further assumed that the normal distribution is the most appropriate distribution to model the snowfall data.
The mean and the standard deviation of the snowfall data will be calculated based on the 32 observations.
The mean will be used to simulate the amount of snowfall that is expected in the first three days of January, and the standard deviation will be used to simulate the variation in the amount of snowfall that could occur.
Using the simulated snowfall data, we will calculate the refund amounts for each of the sales made between Thanksgiving and Christmas.
If more than five inches of snow fall in the first three days of the year (January 1 through January 3), all purchases made between Thanksgiving and Christmas are free.
Therefore, for each sale, we will calculate the refund amount as follows:
If snowfall <= 5 inches: Refund amount = 0
If snowfall > 5 inches: Refund amount = Sale amount
The total refund amount will then be calculated by summing the refund amounts for all the sales made between Thanksgiving and Christmas.
This will give us an estimate of the potential loss that Ginsberg jewelry store could face if more than five inches of snow fall in the first three days of the year.
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In lean systems, _____ is aimed at clarifying and documenting the steps in a process so that they are executed exactly the same way every time by every worker.
In lean systems, standardization is aimed at clarifying and documenting the steps in a process so that they are executed exactly the same way every time by every worker.
A lean system is a type of quality management approach that emphasizes reducing waste and increasing efficiency in order to maximize productivity.
Lean systems may be implemented in a variety of industries, including manufacturing, healthcare, and service industries. These principles can also be applied to other sectors, such as administration, marketing, and logistics.
Standardization is a process of establishing a set of rules, procedures, or standards to follow. Standardization is the process of creating and implementing standards or rules for a certain type of operation.
This ensures that tasks are performed in a uniform manner, resulting in more reliable and predictable results. The implementation of standardization aims to eliminate uncertainty and ensure that processes are carried out in a consistent and repeatable manner.
This helps to increase efficiency and reduce errors that can lead to waste.
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the management of elextric corp., a computer manufacturing company, wants the employees in the organization to contribute to the quality of the firm by making gradual, continuous improvements in their departments. given this information, elextric corp. embraces an approach known as .
The management of Elextric Corp., a computer manufacturing company, wants the employees in the organization to contribute to the quality of the firm by making gradual, continuous improvements in their departments. Given this information, Elextric Corp. embraces an approach known as the "Continuous Improvement Approach.
What is Continuous Improvement Approach?Continuous Improvement Approach is an ongoing effort to enhance procedures, services, or products incrementally through continuous feedback from customers and employees. It aims at continuously identifying inefficiencies, defects, and other issues with the current processes to improve them over time. It is a long-term, systematic approach that focuses on improving organizational performance by continuously monitoring and reviewing its processes and operations.
In this approach, the focus is not on making major changes but on making small, incremental changes that add up over time to significant improvements. The employees are encouraged to make suggestions and contribute their ideas to help the organization improve its processes.
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a worker who works a job such as cleaning houses or child care but is not reporting the income earned to the tax authorities, would be categorized by the government as:
The worker who earns income from cleaning houses or child care but does not report the income to the tax authorities would be categorized as participating in the underground economy or the informal sector.
Why do you use the term "informal sector"?These viewpoints are included in the definition of the informal economy, which includes all economic activity by individuals or groups of individuals that is not, or is only partially, covered by formal agreements.
Why is there an informal industry in India?Unregistered businesses that do not offer their employees social security are considered to be part of the informal economy. Informality has decreased in many emerging nations, including India, although at a very slow rate. It is particularly noticeable in urban squalor, poverty, and unemployment.
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mickey mouse construction borrowed $5.5 million to finance the construction of an entertainment complex in a smart community development project in orlando, florida. The company made "interest only" payments of $440,000 each years and then repaid the principal in a single lump sum payment of $5.5 million. What was the interest rate on the loan?
Mickey mouse construction borrowed $5.5 millions to finance the construction of an entertainment complex has an interest rate on the loan is 8%.
What is the interest rate?The interest rate on the loan borrowed by Mickey Mouse Construction can be determined by the formula:
Interest = Principal × Rate × Time.
The given parameters are:
Principal = $5.5 million
Interest = $440,000 annually
Time = 1 year
Using the formula above, we can find the interest rate as follows:
Interest = Principal × Rate × Time
$440,000 = $5,500,000 × Rate × 1
Rate = $440,000/($5,500,000 × 1)
Rate = 0.08 or 8%
Therefore, the interest rate on the loan is 8%.
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an abc system usually blank a traditional cost system. multiple choice question. supplements replaces is the same as
The ABC system typically supplements or replaces a traditional cost system.
The Activity-Based Costing (ABC) system is an approach that focuses on activities that are the direct cause of costs. This system identifies activities that consume resources and assigns overhead costs to them. The ABC system helps businesses better understand their costs and more accurately assign overhead expenses to each product or service.
Unlike traditional cost systems, the ABC system considers multiple factors when assigning overhead costs, such as the number of activities that go into producing a product, the frequency of those activities, and the amount of resources required for each activity. By taking these factors into account, the ABC system allows businesses to identify inefficiencies in their operations and develop strategies to increase their profits.
The ABC system is especially useful for businesses that produce many different products or services, since it can provide more accurate overhead cost allocations. It can also help organizations understand the different costs associated with producing each product or service, enabling them to make better decisions about pricing and resource allocation.
Overall, the ABC system is a useful tool for businesses that want to better understand their overhead costs and make more informed decisions about pricing and resource allocation.
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what are the major financial uncertainties faced by an electronic components manufacturer deciding whether to build a plant in thailand or the united states?
Answer:
The major financial uncertainties faced by an electronic components manufacturer while deciding to build a plant in Thailand or the United States are currency risk, political risk, and interest rate risk.
Explanation:
What are the components?
The components refer to various items used in the production of a specific product. The components' quality plays a vital role in the final product's quality. For example, the quality of the mobile phone camera's components plays an essential role in the final product's quality. If the components used in the camera are of low quality, the camera's final product will also be of low quality. Therefore, the components are one of the major aspects to consider when choosing to build a plant in a particular country. Currency riskCurrency risk refers to the risk of losing money on international transactions due to fluctuation in the currency exchange rate. When companies manufacture products in a foreign country, they pay in foreign currency. If the currency's value goes down, the company's revenue will decrease. Hence, electronic component manufacturers face currency risk when deciding to build a plant in a foreign country. If they build a plant in Thailand, they have to pay in Thai baht, and if they build a plant in the United States, they have to pay in US dollars. Political risk is the risk associated with political instability or political changes in the host country that affects the investor's profitability. Political risk can arise due to various reasons, such as civil unrest, terrorism, coup, war, or political change. Political risks can cause delays, damage, and loss of money to the company. Hence, electronic component manufacturers face political risks when deciding to build a plant in a foreign country. Interest rate risk is the risk associated with the change in interest rates that can affect the company's revenue. Electronic components manufacturers have to raise capital to finance their plants. Hence, they take loans from banks or issue bonds. If the interest rates go up, they have to pay more interest on the loans, which reduces their profit margin. Therefore, electronic component manufacturers face interest rate risk when deciding to build a plant in a foreign country.
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The major financial uncertainties faced by an electronic components manufacturer while deciding to build a plant in Thailand or the United States are currency risk, political risk, and interest rate risk.
What are the components?The components refer to various items used in the production of a specific product. The components' quality plays a vital role in the final product's quality. For example, the quality of the mobile phone camera's components plays an essential role in the final product's quality. If the components used in the camera are of low quality, the camera's final product will also be of low quality.
Therefore, the components are one of the major aspects to consider when choosing to build a plant in a particular country. Currency risk refers to the risk of losing money on international transactions due to fluctuation in the currency exchange rate. When companies manufacture products in a foreign country, they pay in foreign currency.
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use the following data: purchase costs leasing costs down payment: $4,500 security deposit: $1,500 loan payment: $350 for 48 months lease payment: $350 for 48 months estimated value at end of loan: $5,000 end-of-lease charges: $750 opportunity cost interest rate: 4 percent per year calculate the costs of buying versus leasing a motor vehicle.Round your answers to the nearest whole number.) Buying& Leasing Purchase cost Leasing cost
Buying a vehicle involves upfront and monthly loan payments, while leasing requires monthly lease payments and a security deposit. Hence Leasing cost is $16,812.
The total cost of buying includes the purchase cost and loan payments, while leasing costs encompass lease payments, security deposit, and potential end-of-lease charges.
Calculating these costs helps in deciding between the two options.
Buying & Leasing
Purchase Cost 14,680
Leasing Cost 16,812
Working Notes:
Buying =Down payment + Loan payments + Opportunity cost - Estimated value at end of loan
Down Payment =$2,400
Loan payments = No of months x monthly payment = 470 x 36 = 16920
Opportunity cost = Down Payment x interest rate x no of years
Opportunity cost = 2400 x 5% x 3
Opportunity cost = 360
The estimated value at end of loan = 5000
Buying =Down payment + Loan payments + Opportunity cost - Estimated value at end of loan
Buying =2400 + 16920 + 360 - 5000
Buying =14680
Leasing Cost
=Lease payments + Opportunity cost + End of lease charges
Lease payments = No of months x lease monthly payment = 440 x 36 = 15,840
Opportunity cost = Security deposit x interest rate x no of years
Opportunity cost = 680 x 5% x 3
Opportunity cost =102
End of lease charges = 870
Leasing Cost
=Lease payments + Opportunity cost + End of lease charges
=15,840 + 102 + 870
=16,812
Notes: When calculating both costs, the potential cost of the original payment is taken into account as its initial cash outflow that may generate interest. The security deposit is also not taken into account when calculating the cost of leasing because it is returned at the conclusion of the term; only its opportunity cost is taken into account.
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