From the distances between genes and their order, it is possible to get recombination frequencies per region (simple and double recombination frequencies). The probability of obtaining a unc-32 vab-7 + offspring is 0.09 = 9%.
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We are usually asked to get the order of genes in a chromosome. To do so, we need to get the distances between genes. And to get distances between genes, we need to get their recombination frequency.
When three genes are involved, we get the distances by taking the recombination frequency, P, per region.
We talk about regions, R, when we are making reference to the space between two genes.
Gene 1 -----(R1)----- Gene 2 --------(R2)------ Gene 3
P1 P2
P1 = recombination frequency between Gene 1 and Gene 2P2 = recombination frequency between Gene 2 and Gene 3⇒ P1 = (SR + DR) / N
⇒ P2 = (SR + DR)/ N
Where:
SR is the number of simple recombinants in each region, DR is the number of double recombinants in each region, and N is the total number of individuals.The genetic distance will result from multiplying that frequency by 100 and expressing it in map units (MU). One centiMorgan (cM) equals one map unit (MU).
In the exposed problem, we need to do the inverse way. We already have the order and distances between genes, and we need to get the recombination frequency, P.
We know that the order of genes is as follows,
unc-32 ------------- vab-7----------------- dpy-17
Distances are:
Region 1 = 10 MURegion 2 = 20 MUWe need to get the probability of obtaining a phenotypic unc-32 vab-7 + offspring from a cross between a heter0zyg0us fly (unc-32 vab-7 dpy-17/ + + + ) and the triple recessive nematode (unc-32 vab-7 dpy-17 / unc-32 vab-7 dpy-17).
Cross:
unc-32 vab-7 dpy-17 / + + + x unc-32 vab-7 dpy-17 / unc-32 vab-7 dpy-17
To get the genotype unc-32 vab-7 + , a simple recombination, SR, must occur in region 2.
So we need to get the simple recombination frequency in Region 2.
To do so, first we need to clear the following equation
Distance between vab-7 dpy-17 = P2 x 100 = 20 MU
20MU = P2 x 100
P2 = 20 / 100
P2 = 0.2
The recombination frequency in region 2 (P2) is 0.2.
Now, we need to get the simple recombination frequency in this region.
P2 = (SR + DR) / N
P2 = Simple recombinants Frequency + Double recombinants Frequency
R1 = 10 MUR2 = 20 MUDouble recombinants Frequency = 10% x 20% = 0.1 x 0.2 = 0.02P2 = Simple recombinants Frequency + Double recombinants Frequency
0.2 = Simple recombinants Frequency + 0.02
Clearing the equation,
Simple recombinants Frequency = 0.2 - 0.02 = 0.18
Simple recombinant frequency in region 2 will produce the following two chromosomes,
unc-32 vab-7 ++ + dpy-17So half of this frequency will produce one chromosome, and the other half will produce the other chromosome.
unc-32 vab-7 + ⇒ 0.09+ + dpy-17 ⇒ 0.09So, the probability of obtaining a phenotypic unc-32 vab-7 + offspring is 0.09 = 9%.
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How can increases travel boosted the spread of certain species
Answer:
a
Explanation:
ajiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
WILL MARK BRAINLYIST!! (if mostly/ all correct)
1. According to the article "Drilling down into petroleum's impact on life on Earth", Peak oil is measured in RPRs (reserve-to-production ratios), which is recorded in years.
Question: Why does Iran have a higher RPR (80 years) than the United States (9 years)?
A. The United States consumes more oil than Iran.
B. Iran consumes more oil than the United States.
C. Iran produces more oil than the United States.
D. The United States produces more oil than Iran.
2. According to the article "Drilling down into petroleum's impact on life on Earth", carbon is a natural element that regulates Earth's temperature and makes the planet livable.
Question: Which event has led to major shifts in the carbon cycle becoming?
A. Peak oil has been reached this past decade.
B. Humans learned how to extract and burn fuel.
C. The API established units of measurement for oil.
D. Ancient algae and plankton were buried and crushed.
"(if you came for question 3 the answer is 1,2 and 3)"
-
4. According to the article "Ask an Amazon Expert: Why we can't afford to lose the rain forest", how is the Amazon rain forest connected to climate change?
A. Trees of the Amazon remove carbon dioxide from the air.
B. People of the Amazon produce most of the carbon dioxide that causes climate change.
C.Soil in the Amazon absorbs carbon dioxide.
D. Water in the Amazon River produces carbon dioxide, adding to climate change.
5. Which selection from the article "Scientists study Persian Gulf reefs for coral survival clues" identifies the biggest threat to coral reefs?
A. Warming waters spark bleaching events. Along with the bleaching, the ocean is becoming more acidic.
B. The researchers demonstrated that this new organism was the most commonly found algae throughout the gulf's coral reefs. They say it probably adapted as a result of the gulf's harsh conditions.
There are five questions which are related to the Drilling down into petroleum's impact on life on Earth.
1. C. Iran produces more oil than the United States.
RPR is referred to as the Reserve to Production Ratio which is measured in years. Higher RPR of Iran demonstrates that it has more extraction rate than United States.
2. B. Human learned how to extract and burn fuel.
The major shift in Carbon cycle is because fossils and fuels have been excessively used extracted and burned for fuel and energy.
4. A. Trees of the Amazon remove Carbon dioxide from the air.
Forests are essential because they help remove carbon dioxide from air. The existing forests of Amazon are absorbing carbon dioxide which results in moderate climate and reduced climate change.
5. A. Warming waters spark bleaching events. Along with the bleaching, the ocean is becoming more acidic.
The biggest threat to coral reefs is bleaching event. Warming the waters spark to bleaching events.
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what is the chemical formula for the sugar carbohydrate produced by photosynthesis?
A. H2O
B. CO2
C. C6H12O6
D. O2
Answer: C
Explanation:
Help please :) thank you
Answer:
C
Explanation:
am su that is the answer u need
What structure of an armadillo has inspired inventions by humans?
a.
The pointed beak of an armadillo which can protect it from predators
b.
The sharp claws of an armadillo which can help it catch prey
c.
The hard covering of the armadillo which can roll up into a ball
d.
None of the above
The armadillo is an animal. They are mostly described as the New World placenta animals. They have various peculiar characteristics including sharp claws which they use in digging and a hard protective covering.
The structure of an armadillo that has inspired inventions by humans is the hard protective covering of the armadillo which can roll up into a ball (option C).
The hard protective shell of the armadillo inspired humans to produce a hard protective material that was produced from glass shaped into hexagons to protect soft and fragile surface avoiding penetration like a bulletproof vest.
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1. How would you describe the movement of the sun over 30 minutes?
Answer:
The earth rotates from west to east. The sun does not move around the earth in 30 minutes. The sun is seen in a different part of the sky, but this is due to the rotation of the Earth. The intensity of light and heat changes as the Earth rotates.The speed of the sun changes the angle of the sky in 30 minutes, it is always moving from east to west, so in 30 minutes it will move further west, no matter what time you experiment.Have an amazing day friend! :D
Do turtles have exoskeleton?
Answer:
Mark me brainliest （⌒▽⌒）Explanation:
The turtle shell isn't like any other protective element of any living animal: it's not an exoskeleton, like some invertebrates have, nor is it made of ossified scales like armadillos, pangolins, or some snake and reptile species. ... The turtle shell is actually a peculiar evolution of a turtle's bone structureNo. Turtles are vertebrate animals with internal skeletons. Even the shell is made of bone covered by a thin layer of tissue and keratin scutes (material similar to your fingernails). The entire skeleton is on the inside. A turtle’s shell is no more an exoskeleton than your own skull is.
most species alive today have yet to be identified True or false
Answer:
answer!!
Explanation:
False
Which brain region is believed to play a critical role in OCD?
anterior cortex
prefrontal cortex
orbitofrontal cortex
cingulate cortex
which of the is a correct way to label speed
Answer:speed In m/s
Explanation:
n
Answer: And the best way to label the line segments are with their endpoints, and that's another word here. So a point is just literally A or B, but A and B are also the endpoints of these line segments, 'cause it starts and ends at A and B. So let me write this A and B. A and B are endpoints, another definition right over here.
Explanation: I GOT IT RIGHT BRAINLIEST PLZ <3 <3 <3
In mitochondria cristae act as sites for what
Answer:
Explanation:
The tubular or sheet-like cristae membranes are the main site of oxidative phosphorylation, harboring the complexes of the respiratory chain and the F1Fo-ATP synthase [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. Fig. 1. Mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) in yeast.
Question 8 of 10
Which is true of Pluto?
A. Pluto orbits the sun every 2.5 Earth years.
B. Pluto's orbit is shorter than Saturn's.
C. Pluto has a moon that is about half its size.
D. Pluto is only larger than Mercury.
Answer:
c
Explanation:
You close your eyes, with your hand in front of your face for one minute. You quickly blink your eyes and find that even with your eyes closed, you can "see" your hand briefly. Why does this occur?
1) because elaborative rehearsal has transferred this image to your Long-Term Store/Memory, where it is stored indefinitely
2) because auditory images are held in Sensory Store/Memory for up to several seconds
3) because visual images are held in Sensory Store/Memory for up to about 1/4 second
4) because maintenance rehearsal keeps this image in your Short-Term Store/Memory indefinitely
Answer:
because visual images are held in sensory store/memory for up to 1/4 second
You can "see" your hand briefly because visual images are held in Sensory
Store/Memory for up to about 1/4 second.
When the sensory organ involving the eyes views an object briefly, the
information is usually passed to the brain which tells the type of object and
the action to take in response to the stimuli.
In this case, the visual image are usually held in the sensory
store/memory(brain) for few seconds which is why it is seen briefly even
after closing the eyes.
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positive and negative punishment are meant to?
Answer:
yessssssssssssssssssssss
can some one answer this questions please
A tapeworm attaches to the wall of its host’s intestine and starts to absorb the host’s nutrients. Eventually this can cause great harm to the host as the host loses many important nutrients.
Which type of infectious agent is a tapeworm?
a virus
a bacterium
a fungus
a parasite
Answer:
a parasite
Explanation:
this is because it survives within other organisms, known as the host.
Answer:
D) A Parasite
Explanation:
It said in the lesson: Parasite - an organism that lives on/in another organism and harms it
And this is what the tapeworm is doing.
Have A Great Day!!! :):):)
Rainbow trout is non-native to the United States. However, this species is breeding with the native Gila trout. Scientists recently observed that the Gila trout were becoming extinct. What is the cause of their extinction?
Answer:However, this species is breeding with the native Gila trout. Scientists recently observed that the Gila trout were becoming extinct. What is the cause of their extinction? The European buckthorn was introduced to North America as an ornamental plant.
Explanation:
that's because when they become extinct it makes them turn
describe evidence from biogeography that species evolve adaptations to their environment
Answer:
Biogeography, the study of the geographical distribution of organisms, provides information about how and when species may have evolved. Fossils provide evidence of long-term evolutionary changes, documenting the past existence of species that are now extinct.
To give one classic example, the forelimbs of whales, humans, and birds look quite different on the outside. That's because they're adapted to function in different environments. However, if you look at the bone structure of the forelimbs, you'll find that the organization of the bones is remarkably similar across species. It's unlikely that such similar structures would have evolved independently in each species, and more likely that the basic layout of bones was already present in a common ancestor of whales, humans, and birds.
What is the name for the structure that allows one way movement of blood from the atria to the ventricle on the oxygenated side of the heart?
The heart is a muscular organ of the body that pumps blood to the organs of the body. The name for the structure that allows one-way movement of blood from the atria to the ventricle on the oxygenated side of the heart is;
The Mitral ValveThe valves of the heart prevent the backward flow of blood from the heart. There are four types of valves, namely, the tricuspid valve, the mitral valve, the aortic valve, and the pulmonary valve.
The oxygenated part of the heart is the left side. The mitral valve regulates the flow of blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle.
Therefore, the mitral valve allows one-way movement of blood from the atria to the ventricle on the oxygenated side of the heart.
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Summarize the features of a safe and sanitary composting facility. Explain the role played by each feature. (Not Multiple Choice, pls answer quickly!)
Given what we know about sanitary procedures, we can confirm that the features of a safe and sanitary composting facility lie in proper employee hygiene.
The most important part in limiting the pathogenic impact of compost is that of employee hygiene, which includes:
Thorough hand washing after handling compostKeeping the compost free of dust Keep any and all cuts covered at all timesThe employees must have proper vaccination protection before handling compost.These are the features of a safe and sanitary composting facility and their role is to limit the effect and spread of pathogens that may result from the build-up of compost.
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why cellular respiration and photosynthesis are a
cycle?
Answer: Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are considered a cycle because the product (end material) of one reaction serves as the starting material for the other reaction. The starting material for cellular respiration is sugar and water and the products are carbon dioxide and water.
Explanation: hope it helped
Fill in the following blank answers :
From the following mRNA sequence organized into triplets:
5' ACC AUG UCC ACA UUC CCA GUG CUU CGG GAA GAU AUC CCG CUA AGA GAG AGA CAU GUC AAA GAG GCU GCU GCU GCU GCU GCU GCU GCU GCU GAG CAU CGG CGG CGG GAC AUG GGC AUC CAA GGA GCC GCU UCG GCC GCC ACG GUG CCG CCC CAU CAA UGC CAC CCU GGC UGU GGA GAA GGA GGG GGG CUG CCC UAG GUG 3'
1. Identify start codon
2. translate sequence to proteins
3. identify the base dna sequence
Answer:
Most likely 2
Explanation:
Have a great day
In what type of organism is cell differentiation
necessary?
A. prokaryotes
B. kingdom archaebacteria
C. single-celled organisms
D. multi-cellular organisms
air is made of ____and ____
Answer:
Air is made up of:
Nitrogen (78%)Oxygen (21%)Other gases (1%)Explanation:
Hoped this helped.
The invention that led to widespread transport of livestock was the railroad
Answer:
Barbed wire was invented and patented by Joseph Glidden in 1874 and had a major impact on the cattle industry of the Western U.S. Accustomed
Explanation:
Explain why sickle cell anaemia is persistent in the tropics yet it is lethal and these areas have high malaria Providence.
Sickle cell anemia is persistent in the tropics because those with sickle cell anemia cant contract the malaria virus because of the shape of their blood cells, and this is advantageous in the tropics where there are more malaria cases. So those with sickle cell anemia live to pass on their genes.
2) Given DNA strand: TAT GGT GAT GTG TAG
mRNA strand:
amino sequence:
Answer:
mRNA: AUA CCA CUA CAC AUC
Protein: ILE PRO LEU HIS ILE
is broccoli a dicot or monocot?
Answer:
Broccoli is a dicot
Explanation:
I looked it up on the internet :)
What is the relationship between DNA, chromosomes, and
the nucleus?
Answer:
In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes. Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones that support its structure.
Other Info That Might Help:
In contrast, in eukaryotes, all of the cell's chromosomes are stored inside a structure called the nucleus. Each eukaryotic chromosome is composed of DNA coiled and condensed around nuclear proteins called histones. Humans inherit one set of chromosomes from their mother and a second set from their father.