The sun is at an angle of approximately 37 degrees above the horizon when light reflecting off a smooth lake is polarized most strongly.
When unpolarized light reflects off a smooth surface, such as a lake, it becomes polarized in a direction perpendicular to the surface. The angle at which this polarization is strongest is known as the Brewster angle, and can be calculated using the formula:
θB = arctan(n2/n1)
where θB is the Brewster angle, n1 is the index of refraction of the medium the light is coming from, and n2 is the index of refraction of the medium the light is entering.
For water, the index of refraction is approximately 1.33, and for air it is approximately 1.00. Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
θB = arctan(1.33/1.00) = 53.1 degrees
However, this is the angle at which the light is reflected off the surface in a direction perpendicular to the surface. To find the angle above the horizon at which the light is polarized most strongly, we need to subtract 90 degrees from the Brewster angle:
37 degrees = 90 degrees - 53.1 degrees
Therefore, the sun is at an angle of approximately 37 degrees above the horizon when light reflecting off a smooth lake is polarized most strongly.
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why can astronomers not measure the diameters of stars directly?
Astronomers can't measure the diameter of stars directly due to their vast distance and small apparent sizes. Indirect methods, such as studying brightness, temperature, and gravitational influence, are used instead.
Since stars are so far away from Earth and appear to be very small, astronomers are unable to directly estimate the diameters of stars. When seen via a telescope, even the greatest stars in our galaxy are only visible as tiny specks of light. It is also challenging to pinpoint the exact stellar borders since the light that stars generate is a complex mixture of wavelengths and intensities. To determine the sizes of stars, astronomers may, however, use a range of indirect techniques, including examining the brightness and temperature of the stars, their gravitational pull on surrounding objects, and the way their light is bent by their own atmospheres.
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Can anyone help me please ..I need it hurry within 6 hrs.please.
Brainliest for the first best answer.
The value of the current in the given scenario include the following:
I.) 0.67 A
0.67 Aii.) 0.25A
0.67 Aii.) 0.25Aiii.) 0 A
How to calculate the current through a circuit when the switch is either open or closed?The formula that can be used to calculate the current through a circuit I = V/R
Where V = Voltage
Voltage R= Resistance
Voltage R= Resistance I = Current
Nit's that whenever a switch is closed, current moves through the circuit but when it's open there is not net movement of current.
When switch K1 is closed :
current = V/R = 2/3 = 0.67 A
When switches K1 and K2 are both closed
current = 2/5+3 = 2/8 = 0.25A
When switch K1 is open and K2 is closed, there will be no net current are current should flow from K1 which is open.
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which of the following is true of polarizable electrodes? group of answer choices current passes freely across the electrode-electrolyte interface, requiring no energy to make the transition. polarizable electrodes are used for stimulation. no actual charge crosses the electrode-electrolyte interface when a current is applied. a and b
The true statement about polarizable electrodes is: No actual charge crosses the electrode-electrolyte interface when a current is applied. This is the correct option among the given options.
In the case of polarizable electrodes, no actual charge crosses the electrode-electrolyte interface when a current is applied.
What is the meaning of polarizable electrodes?Polarizable electrodes are those electrodes which are chemically reversible, so they can store electrical energy as well as release it.
An electrode is a metal strip that conducts electricity into or out of a solution. Polarization happens at the interface of the electrode and the electrolyte solution. The potential difference created in the electrode-electrolyte interface causes this phenomenon.
How is the electrode polarization related to the efficiency of a battery?The efficiency of a battery is inversely proportional to electrode polarization. Polarization happens due to the formation of reaction intermediates on the electrode surface, which lowers the reaction rate. The amount of polarization also depends on the electrode surface's area and the current flow. Because of this, polarization causes a reduction in current efficiency.
Polarizable electrodes are used in stimulation in a variety of ways. Polarization, on the other hand, occurs when an electrode is used for prolonged periods. The electrode becomes inert over time, and it loses its ability to conduct a charge because of polarization. As a result, the life of the electrode is shortened.
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two springs are connected in series so that spring scale a hangs from a hook on the ceiling and a second spring scale, b, hangs from the hook at the bottom of scale a. apples weighing 287 n hang from the hook at the bottom of scale b. ignore the weights of the ropes and scales. what is the reading on the lower scale b?
The reading on the scale B is 287N. This is because the two springs in series are both in equilibrium, meaning that the forces exerted by each spring are equal to each other and to the weight of the apples (287N).
What is the reading on scale?
To determine the reading on the lower scale b, you need to calculate the total elongation of both the springs. Let us assume that the elongations of springs A and B are dA and dB, respectively. Spring Scale A is fixed to the ceiling and is vertically above Spring Scale B. Spring Scale A reads the total weight of the combination, which is the weight of both the apples and the scales. So, the weight on Scale A is 287N (Weight of the apple).
The force exerted by Scale A is divided between the two springs, so you need to know the spring constant for both the springs to calculate how the weight will be divided. Let’s assume that the spring constant for spring A is KA and spring constant for spring B is KB. Hence, we know the following:
F = kx
where, F is the force exerted by the spring, x is the elongation of the spring, and k is the spring constant.
We can express this as:
F = m×g
where, m is the mass attached to the spring and g is acceleration due to gravity.
Using the above two equations, we can get the following:
x = m×g/k
The weight on Scale B is 287N, which is the force exerted by spring B.
So, 287 = KB×dB
Also, the force exerted by Scale A is divided between the two springs. The force on spring A is the total weight, which is 287N plus the weight of the two spring scales (which can be ignored). So, the force on spring A is 287N.
So, 287 = KA×dA + KB×dB
Since both the springs are connected in series, the total elongation (d) is the sum of the elongations of the individual springs. Hence,d = dA + dB. So, substituting the value of dB in the above equation:
287 = KA× dA + KB×dA/KB
Therefore, dA = 287/ (KA + KB)
Therefore, the reading on scale B (lower scale) is: dB = 287/KB. So, the reading on scale B is 287/KB.
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A square loop of wire is carrying current in the counterclockwise direction. There is a horizontal uniform magnetic field pointing to the right.Question 1: What is the direction of the net force on the loop?(A) out of the screen(B) into the screen(C) the net force on the loop is zeroQuestion
If the magnetic field and the velocity are perpendicular, the force is maximum, and if they are parallel, the force is zero. The direction of the magnetic force can be determined using Fleming’s left-hand rule. The thumb represents the direction of the motion of the charge, the first finger represents the direction of the magnetic field, and the middle finger represents the direction of the magnetic force.
A square loop of wire carrying current in the counterclockwise direction will experience a force.
The force will be in the direction given by Fleming’s left-hand rule. The magnetic field is uniform and horizontal, and it is pointing towards the right. The question is asking for the direction of the net force on the loop. The direction of the net force on the loop can be determined using the right-hand palm rule.
The right-hand palm rule states that the thumb represents the direction of the current, and the fingers represent the direction of the magnetic field. If the fingers of the right hand are curled in the direction of the magnetic field and the thumb in the direction of the current, then the direction of the force is given by the palm.
In this case, the palm points upwards, which means that the net force on the loop is out of the screen. Therefore, the correct option is (A) out of the screen. Magnetic force The force exerted on a charged particle moving in a magnetic field is known as magnetic force. The direction of the magnetic force on the moving charge is perpendicular to the plane formed by the magnetic field and the velocity of the charge.
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A block of mass m is at rest at the origin at t=0. It is pushed with constant force F0 from x=0 to x=Lacross a horizontal surface whose coefficient of kinetic friction is μk=μ0(1−x/L). That is, the coefficient of friction decreases from μ0 at x=0 to zero at x=L.
Part A
We would like to know the velocity of the block when it reaches some position x. Finding this requires an integration. However, acceleration is defined as a derivative with respect to time, which leads to integrals with respect to time, but the force is given as a function of position. To get around this, use the chain rule to find an alternative definition for the acceleration ax that can be written in terms of vx and dvxdx. This is a purely mathematical exercise; it has nothing to do with the forces given in the problem statement.
Express your answer in terms of the variables vx and dvxdx.
I got the answer:
ax =
dvxdxvx
And this was correct, but Im having trouble with Part B:
Now use the result of Part A to find an expression for the block's velocity when it reaches position x=L.
Express your answer in terms of the variables L, F0, m, μ0, and appropriate constants.
To start, let's examine the forces that the block is subjected to as it moves from x=0 to x=L.
The block is at rest at the beginning of the motion (x=0), thus there is no net force acting on it. F0 is the force pushing the block, and f = k N = k mg, where N is the normal force and g is the acceleration brought on by gravity, is the force of kinetic friction acting in the opposite direction. The block is stationary, thus we have:
F0 - μ0 mg = 0
The force pushing the block must thus be equal to and in opposition to the force of friction.
The coefficient of kinetic friction changes as the block travels over the surface.
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Help would be greatly appreciated!
Answer:
V = X i + Y j expression of vector in terms of unit vectors i andj
V = 12.0 i + 9.00 j
V = (12.0^2 + 9.00^2)^1/2 = 15.0 magnitude of resultant vector
Note this is a multiple of a 3, 4, 5 right triangle
5 is the magnitude of a 3, 4, 5 right triangle the given vector is 3X the 3, 4, 5 triangle or 15
. determine the change in rotational kinetic energy when the rotational velocity of the turntable of a stereo system increases from 0 to 33 rpm. its rotational inertia is 6.0 * 10-3 kg
Answer: The change in rotational kinetic energy = 0.0358 J
Explanation:
The kinetic energy of a rotating rigid body is directly proportional to the moment of inertia and the square of the angular velocity, K = 1/2 I w²
According to the given information :
The rotational kinetic energy is given by E= 1/2 I w²
E1= 1/2 ×6× 10-³ ×0 = 0
w2 = 33rpm = 33 (2π/60 )= 3.456 rad/s
E2 = 1/2 ×6×10 -³ × (3.456) ² = 0.0358 J
E = E1- E2 = 0- 0.0358 J = 0.0358 J
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how much work is it to push a box (mass 130 kg) up an incline (angle 20 degrees with the horizontal) that is 10 meters long, if the coefficient of kinetic friction between the box and the incline is 0.5?
The amount of work required to push the box (mass 130 kg) up an incline (angle 20 degrees with the horizontal) that is 10 meters long, with the coefficient of kinetic friction being 0.5, is 25145.1 J.
The frictional force that acts on a body when it slides on a surface is referred to as kinetic friction or sliding friction. When a body slides across a surface, the force that opposes its motion is referred to as kinetic friction.Kinetic friction equationThe formula for kinetic friction can be written as follows:
F[tex]_k[/tex] = μk N
Where:
F[tex]_k[/tex] is the force of kinetic friction
N is the normal force
μk is the coefficient of kinetic friction
The force of kinetic friction is equivalent to the product of the normal force and the coefficient of kinetic friction. The normal force is equal to the weight of the object in this case, i.e., N = mg.
The force required to push the box up the incline can be calculated using the following formula:
W = mg(sin θ + μk cos θ)
Distance traveled by the box is 10 meters, so the work done to push the box up the incline is equal to
W = F.d
where,
F = force applied
d = distance moved by the box
W = 130 * 9.8 * (sin 20 + 0.5 cos 20) * 10
W = 25145.1 J
Therefore, it would take 25145.1 J of work to push a box.
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Select all of the following that would definitely increase the pressure of an ideal gas. Decreasing the volume without changing the temperature Increasing the temperature without changing the volume
Explanation:
Ideal Gas Law
PV = n R T
P = n R T / V Without changing more than one variable:
increasing n (number of moles)
Increasing T
decreasing V
Will all increase the pressure , P
The skater with a mass of 50 kg slides on an ice track with a speed of 5 m/s. How fast will she move if she throws a 2kg stone horizontally, once in front of her and once behind her, at a speed of 2m/s? Friction is not considered.
4.92 m/s for her final velocity.
Explanation:The momentum of the skater before throwing the stone is:
p1 = m1 * v1 = 50 kg * 5 m/s = 250 kg*m/s
where m1 is the mass of the skater and v1 is her initial velocity.
When the skater throws the stone, the total momentum of the system (skater + stone) is conserved. The momentum of the stone is:
p2 = m2 * v2 = 2 kg * 2 m/s = 4 kg*m/s
where m2 is the mass of the stone and v2 is its velocity.
Let's assume the skater throws the stone in front of her. To conserve momentum, the skater will move in the opposite direction to the stone. Let's call the skater's final velocity v3. Then:
p1 = p2 + p3
where p3 is the momentum of the skater after throwing the stone. Substituting the values we get:
250 kgm/s = 4 kgm/s + 50 kg * v3
Solving for v3, we get:
v3 = (250 kgm/s - 4 kgm/s) / 50 kg = 4.92 m/s
So the skater's speed after throwing the stone in front of her is 4.92 m/s.
If the skater throws the stone behind her, the same conservation of momentum principle applies, and we get the same result of 4.92 m/s for her final velocity.
Sorry if I'm wrong
The graph shows the distance an object traveled in 11 seconds.
The best describes the movement of the object between the times of 0 and 6 on the graph is moving at a constant speed. Therefore, option A is correct.
What is the movement of an object ?Moving occurs when an object's location compared to a fixed spot changes. Even seemingly stationary things shift. When one item moves in connection to another, we say it is moving relative to the other object.
Kinematics is the field of physics concerned with forces and their effects on motion, whereas dynamics is concerned with forces and their effects on motion. When a force pushes or draws on an item, it moves in the same way as the force.
Thus, option A is accurate because the object moves at a consistent pace between periods 0 and 6 on the graph.
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the third kepler law: relationship between the distance from the sun and the orbital period for a planet. we discussed the third kepler law in class. scientists are still using telescopes to observe the space beyond neptune in our solar system. in principle, it is possible that scientists will find astronomical bodies larger than eris/pluto in the future. let us assume that a new planet with an orbital period ~ 6548 years is discovered in our solar system. please take earth as a reference and calculate the average distance from the sun for the newly-discovered planet in our solar system.A. ∼200AUB. ∼220AUC. ∼240AUD. ∼260AU
According to the Third Kepler Law, the average distance from the Sun (A) is directly proportional to the cube root of the orbital period (T). So, for a new planet with an orbital period of 6548 years, we can calculate the average distance (A) using the equation: A = (T^(1/3)) x (A_earth^(2/3)), where A_earth is the average distance of the Earth from the Sun, which is approximately 150 million km.
Plugging in the given values, we get: A = (6548^(1/3)) x (150x10^6 km)^(2/3) = ∼260AU.
Therefore, the average distance from the Sun for the newly-discovered planet in our solar system is ∼260AU.
The average distance from the sun for the newly-discovered planet in our solar system is approximately 240AU.Kepler's third law states that the square of the orbital period is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of the orbit. It states that "the square of the period of revolution of a planet is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit." Kepler's third law mathematically connects the distance of a planet from the sun and its orbital period, that is, a planet's "year" or "revolution."The equation used to relate the third Kepler law is: T2 = (4π2 a3) / GMWhere T is the orbital period, a is the semi-major axis of the orbit, G is the gravitational constant, and M is the mass of the Sun. The value of T is provided as 6548 years, which is substituted in the equation above:6548^2 = (4π2 × a3) / (6.674 × 10-11 × 1.989 × 1030)Solving for a, we get:a = 239.8 ≈ 240 AU.Hence, the answer is option C. ~240AU.
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A 2. 00-kg object is attached to an ideal massless horizontal spring of spring constant 100. 0 N/m and is at rest on a frictionless horizontal table. The spring is aligned along the x-axis and is fixed to a peg in the table. Suddenly this mass is struck by another 2. 00-kg object traveling along the x-axis at 3. 00 m/s, and the two masses stick together. What are the amplitude and period of the oscillations that result from this collision? 0. 300 m, 1. 26 s 0. 424 m, 5. 00 s 0. 424 m, 0. 889 s 0. 300 m, 0. 889 s 0. 424 m, 1. 26 s
The correct option is A, the amplitude and period of the oscillations that result from this collision are 0.300 m in 1.26s.
The expression for Period of spring is,
[tex]T = 2\pi\sqrt{\frac{2m}{k} }[/tex]
Here, m is the mass of the spring and k is the spring constant
Substitute 2 kg
for m
and 100N/m
for k
in equation [tex]T = 2\pi\sqrt{\frac{2m}{k} }[/tex]
and solve for T .
[tex]T = 2\pi\sqrt{\frac{(2)2 kg}{100 N/m} }[/tex]
T = 1.26s
In physics, amplitude refers to the maximum displacement or distance moved by a wave from its equilibrium or mean position. It is a measure of the intensity or strength of a wave, and it is usually represented as the height of the crest or depth of the trough of the wave.
The amplitude of a wave can be measured in various units, depending on the type of wave and the context in which it is being studied. For example, the amplitude of a sound wave is measured in decibels (dB), while the amplitude of an electromagnetic wave is measured in volts per meter (V/m). Amplitude plays an important role in the behavior of waves. It determines the energy carried by the wave and affects other properties such as frequency, wavelength, and phase.
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Complete Question: -
A 2.00-kg object is attached to an ideal massless horizontal spring of spring constant 100.0 N/m and is at rest on a frictionless horizontal table. The spring is aligned along the x-axis and is fixed to a peg in the table. Suddenly this mass is struck by another 2.00-kg object traveling along the x-axis at 3.00 m/s, and the two masses stick together. What are the amplitude and period of the oscillations that result from this collision
A) 0.300 m, 1.26 s
B) 0.300 m, 0.889 s
C) 0.424 m, 0.889 s
D) 0.424 m, 1.26 s
E) 0.424 m, 5.00 s
a compacted sample of hma contains 5.1 percent asphalt by weight of total mix, and the bulk density of the hma specimen is 2455kg/m3. the specific gravity of aggregate and the asphalt binder are 2.735 and 1.022, respectively. determine the vma, vtm, and vfa, neglect-ing absorption. draw sketch and write out full equations used. no sketch and missing full equations written out, minus -5 points. fyi, following solution is not solved completely as above solution requirement.
The void in mineral aggregate (VMA) is -12.35%, the void in total mix (VTM) is 0.000990 and the voids filled with asphalt (VFA) is -12.35%.
To determine the VMA, VTM, and VFA neglecting absorption, we need to calculate the following:
[tex]VMA = [(Gmb - Gsb) / Gmb] \times 100[/tex]
[tex]VTM = Gmb / ρb[/tex]
[tex]VFA = [(Gmb - Ga) / Gmb] \times 100[/tex]
Where, Gmb = bulk specific gravity of the compacted specimen of HMA.
Gsb = bulk specific gravity of the aggregate in the HMA specimen.
ρb = bulk density of the HMA specimen
Ga = apparent specific gravity of the aggregate in the HMA specimen.
Substitute the given values we get:
[tex]Gmb = 2.435, Gsb = 2.735, \rho b = 2455\ kg/m^3[/tex],
[tex]Ga = (Gmb \times Gsa) / (5.1 + 0.049 (Gmb - 2.435)) = (2.435 \times 2.735) / (5.1 + 0.049 (2.435 - 2.435)) = 2.449[/tex]
By substituting these values in the above formula, we get:
[tex]VMA = [(2.435 - 2.735) / 2.435] \times 100 = -12.35[/tex]%
[tex]VTM = 2.435 / 2455 = 0.000990[/tex]
[tex]VFA = [(2.435 - 2.735) / 2.435] \times 100 = -12.35[/tex]%
Hence, VMA = -12.35%, VTM = 0.000990, VFA = -12.35%.
The minus sign indicates that the voids are insufficient. Therefore, the mix is unstable.
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A block slides down a frictionless plane having an inclination of θ=15.00. The block starts from rest at the top, and the length of the incline is 2.00m. (a) Draw a free-body diagram of the block. Find (b) the acceleration of the block and (c) its speed when it reaches the bottom of the incline.
(a) Free-body diagram of block is as given below. (b) Acceleration of the block is 2.529 m/s². (c) Speed of the block when it reaches the bottom of the incline is 3.18 m/s.
What is frictionless surface?Frictionless surface is an invented concept of surface that is based on imagination and creative ideas of scientists where assumed friction of surface is zero.
(a) Free-body diagram of block is:
/|
/ |
/ | m
/ θ |
/ |
/_____|
f ||
||
||
||
\/
where m is mass of the block, θ is angle of inclination, f is force of friction (which is zero in this case), and g is acceleration due to gravity acting vertically downwards.
(b) The force acting along incline is component of the weight of block parallel to the incline, given by mg sin θ, where m is the mass of the block and g is acceleration due to gravity. Since there is no friction, this force is equal to net force acting on block, which is ma, where a is acceleration of block along the incline. Therefore,
mg sin θ = ma
a = g sin θ
a = 9.81 m/s² * sin 15.00 = 2.529 m/s²
Therefore, the acceleration of the block is 2.529 m/s².
(c) v² = u² + 2as
where u is the initial velocity (which is zero), s is the displacement (which is 2.00 m along the incline), and a is the acceleration (2.529 m/s²). Solving for v, we get:
v = √(2as) = √(2 * 2.00 m * 2.529 m/s²) = 3.18 m/s
Hence, speed of block when it reaches bottom of incline is 3.18 m/s.
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If work is done on an object, the object has more energy than it did before. This energy can come from increases in kinetic energy, potential energy, and/or _____.
If work is done on an object, the object has more energy than it did before. This energy can come from increases in kinetic energy, potential energy, and/or internal energy.
The energy transferred into an object by an external force is the work done on that object. The unit of work is the joule (J). Work can be expressed as a dot product of the force and the displacement, as given below:
W = F . d
Energy is the capacity of a system to do work. There are many different forms of energy, which can be classified as kinetic, potential, or internal energy.
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. The kinetic energy of an object of mass m and velocity v is given by the equation below:
K = (1/2)mv²
Potential energy is the energy that a system possesses because of its position in a gravitational or electric field. A body's potential energy depends on its mass, height, and position. An object has gravitational potential energy when it is in a position that can potentially fall to a lower height. A system's electric potential energy is a result of the potential difference between two points.
Internal energy is the energy that a system possesses due to the motion of its atoms and molecules. The total energy of a system is the sum of its kinetic and potential energy. The internal energy of a system is the sum of the energy associated with the motion and position of its atoms and molecules. When energy is transferred to a system by an external force, some of that energy is converted to internal energy.
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The high temperature microwave spectrum of KCl vapor shows an absorption at a frequency of 15376 MHz. a) Show that this frequency represents a photon with energy of 10.19 x 10-24]. b) This absorption peak has been identified with the ] = 1 7 J = 2 transition of 39K35CL. Given that the atomic masses of 39K and 3Cl are 38.96 and 34.97 g/mole, respectively, calculate the internuclear distance (i.e: bond length) of 39KBCl in meters and A Compare your answer above to the experimentally-determined bond length of HCL, 1.275A. Using concepts from general chemistry, explain why the comparison does or does not make sense_
In the comparison between these compounds, the bond is weaker due to the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms.
What is the wavelength?We can use the relation: E = hν
where, E is the energy of the photon, h is Planck's constant, and ν is the frequency of the photon.
Converting to Hz:
ν = 15376 MHz = 15376 × 106 Hz = 1.5376 × 10¹⁰ Hz
Substituting the frequency into the formula for photon energy: E = hν
E = 6.626 × 10⁻³⁴ J s × 1.5376 × 10¹⁰ Hz
E = 1.019 × 10⁻²³Joules
The frequency of the photon can be used to calculate the wavenumber, which in turn can be used to determine the internuclear distance of the molecule. The wavenumber (ν¯) of the photon is defined as the frequency divided by the speed of light, c:
ν¯= ν/c
where, c is 2.998 × 10⁸ m/s.
Converting the frequency into wavenumber:
ν¯= ν/c = 1.5376 × 10¹⁰ Hz/2.998 × 10⁸ m/s = 51.31 cm⁻¹
The wavenumber of the photon can be used to calculate the internuclear distance (r) by using the equation:
r = [h/(8π²cμ)]½ × (1/ν¯)
where, h is Planck's constant, c is the speed of light, and μ is the reduced mass of the molecule (m₁m₂/m₁ +m₂).
For K₃₅Cl₃₉, the atomic masses of K and Cl are 39 and 35, respectively. Therefore, m₁ = 39, u = 39 × 1.66 × 10⁻²⁷ kg = 6.474 × 10⁻²⁶ kg, m₂ = 35 u = 35 × 1.66 × 10⁻²⁷ kg = 5.81 × 10⁻²⁶ kg,
μ = (m₁m₂/m₁ +m₂) = 39 × 35/(39 + 35)
u = 16.86
u= 16.86 × 1.66 × 10⁻²⁷kg = 2.798 × 10⁻²⁶kg
Substituting the values of the constants and the wavenumber: r = [h/(8π²cμ)]½ × (1/ν¯)r = [(6.626 × 10⁻³⁴ J s)/(8π² × 2.998 × 10⁸ m/s × 2.798 × 10⁻²⁶ kg)]½ × (1/51.31 cm⁻¹)r = 1.873 × 10⁻¹⁰ m = 1.873 Å
We can compare this bond length to that of HCl, which is 1.275 Å. The internuclear distance of K₃₅Cl₃₉ is much longer than that of HCl, indicating that the bond in K₃₅Cl₃₉ is weaker. This is consistent with the fact that K₃₅Cl₃₉ is a heteronuclear diatomic molecule, whereas HCl is a homonuclear diatomic molecule. In a heteronuclear diatomic molecule, the bond is weaker due to the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms.
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A bicycle wheel is rotating at 40 rpm when the cyclist begins to pedal harder, giving the wheel a constant angular acceleration of 0.47 rad/s^2.
(a) What is the wheel's angular velocity, in rpm, 7.0 s later?
(b) How many revolutions does the wheel make during this time?
a) The wheel's angular velocity after 7.0 s is 43.29 rpm.
b) The wheel makes 4.66/2π or 0.74 revolutions in this time.
What is Angular velocity?a)The angular velocity, constant angular acceleration:
ω = ω0 + αt
Where, ω is the final angular velocity
ω0 is the initial angular velocity
α is the constant angular acceleration
t is the time elapsed
Substituting the given values,
ω = ω0 + αt
= 40 rpm + 0.47 rad/s² × 7 s
= 40 rpm + 3.29 rpm
= 43.29 rpm
B)The number of revolutions, the total angle rotated by the wheel is in radians.
θ = ω0t + 1/2αt²
Where θ is the total angle rotated in radians t is the time elapsed
Substituting the given values,
θ = ω0t + 1/2αt²
= (2π × 40 rpm/60) × 7.0 s + 0.5 × 0.47 rad/s² × (7.0 s)²
= 4.66 rad
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A girl cycles a distance of 50 meters using a total force on the pedals of 150 N. Calculate the work done on the bicycle. (don't forget the units on your answer)
Answer:
7500Joules
Explanation:
workdone= force × Distance
A box is sliding with a speed of 4.50 m/s on a horizontal surface when, at point P, it encounters a rough section. On the rough section, the coefficient of friction is not constant, but starts at 0.100 at P and increases linearly with distance past P, reaching a value of 0.600 at 12.5 m past point P.1)Use the work-energy theorem to find how far this box slides before stopping.2)What is the coefficient of friction at the stopping point?3)How far would the box have slid if the friction coefficient didn't increase, but instead had the constant value of 0.100?
1) The box slides 23.6 m before stopping.
2) The coefficient of friction is 0.600.
3) If the friction coefficient had a constant value of 0.100, then the box would have slid a distance of 12.5 m
1)Using the work-energy theorem, we can find how far the box slides before it stops. The theorem states that the work done by all forces acting on the object is equal to the change in its kinetic energy, or:
W = ΔKE
Where W is the work done by all forces, and ΔKE is the change in kinetic energy. Since the work done by all forces is equal to the friction force, the work done by friction is equal to the change in kinetic energy. Therefore, the equation can be rewritten as:
Wfriction = ΔKE
In this situation, the friction force increases linearly with distance, so the work done by friction (Wfriction) is the integral of the friction force over the distance. The integral is equal to the area under the graph of friction force versus distance. Therefore, the equation can be rewritten as:
∫Ffriction(x)dx = ΔKE
The integral is equal to the area under the graph of friction force versus distance from 0 to the stopping point. Since the coefficient of friction increases linearly from 0.100 at P to 0.600 at 12.5 m past point P, we can calculate the stopping point using the equation:
0.100x + 0.500(x-12.5) = ΔKE
Solving the equation for x, we find that the box stops at x = 23.6 m.
2)At the stopping point, the coefficient of friction is 0.600.
3) This is because the integral of the friction force with a constant coefficient of 0.100 is equal to 0.100x, where x is the distance traveled.
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A room with which type of surface will most likely produce an echo?(1 point)
carpet
dirt
foam
glass
Answer:
The correct answer is "glass".
Explanation:
A room with a smooth and hard surface like the glass is likely to produce an echo because when sound waves hit such surfaces, they bounce back and forth, creating echoes. Soft and porous materials like carpet, dirt, or foam absorb sound waves, reducing the reflection and producing less echo. Therefore, the answer is glass.
if this were the only force acting on the 290 kg k g spacecraft, by how much would its speed increase after 7.0 months of flight? assume there are 30 days in each month.
The spacecraft weighs 290 kg and only one force is acting on it. The force has a strength of 3.3 N. The spacecraft's speed should be increased by 206,465.92 m/s 7.0 months of flight.
This is a problem of kinematics in which we must calculate the speed gained by the spacecraft after a period of time. Let's calculate the acceleration of the spacecraft.The formula for calculating acceleration is,
F = m × a
Where
F is the force acting on the objectm is the mass of the objecta is the acceleration producedThe acceleration formula can be rearranged to calculate the final speed of an object. Let's calculate the acceleration of the spacecraft.
F = m × aa = F/mHere,F = 3.3 Nm = 290 kgHencea = F/ma = 3.3/290a = 0.01138 m/s²
The spacecraft has an acceleration of 0.01138 m/s². Let's calculate the speed of the spacecraft at the end of 7 months of flight. We have to assume that there are 30 days in each month. We will convert the time to seconds.
t = 7 × 30 × 24 × 60 × 60t = 18,144,000 secondsWe can use the following formula to calculate the final speed of the spacecraft.
Vf = Vi + a × tHere:
Vf is the final velocity of the spacecraftVi is the initial velocity of the spacecrafta is the acceleration of the spacecraftt is the time for which the spacecraft acceleratesVi is zero, since the spacecraft is initially at rest. Let's calculate Vf,Vf = Vi + a × tVf = 0 + 0.01138 × 18,144,000Vf = 206,465.92 m/s
The spacecraft would achieve a final speed of 206,465.92 m/s after 7.0 months of flight.
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What energy occurs when nuclear bonds split or fuse together?
Atoms are divided via nuclear fission, which is employed in power plants to liberate energy. Atoms are combined during fusion, which happens in stars like the sun, and produces energy. A source of clean energy with less radioactive waste is fusion.
Nuclear links can break or fuse together to release energy. A substantial quantity of energy is released when an atom's nucleus splits into two or smaller nuclei during nuclear fission. Electricity is produced using this method at nuclear power plants. Contrarily, nuclear fusion is the process in which two or more atomic nuclei come together to produce a heavier nucleus, releasing a massive amount of energy in the process. This happens in stars like the sun naturally when hydrogen is fused with helium to create energy. Nuclear fusion is being studied by scientists as a possible clean energy source since it generates a lot less radioactive waste than nuclear fission.
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Make a drawing of the problem situation including labeled vectors to represent the motion of the block as well as the forces on it. What measurements can you make with a meter stick to determine the angle of incline?
Draw a free-body diagram of the block as it slides down the track. Choose a coordinate system that will make calculations of energy transfer to and from the block easiest. What is your reason for choosing that coordinate system?
Transfer the force vectors to your coordinate system. What angles between your force vectors and your coordinate axes are the same as the angle between the track and the table?
In the coordinate system you have chosen, is there a component of the block’s motion that can be considered as in equilibrium? Use Newton’s second law in that direction to get an equation for the normal force in terms of quantities you know or can measure. Does the normal force increase, decrease, or stay the same as the ramp angle increases?
Write down the expression for the acceleration of the block in terms of quantities you know or can measure. Is the acceleration positive, negative, or zero? What is would be the difference between a positive and negative acceleration in this case?
Sketch a graph of the frictional force as a function of the normal force if the approximate relationship between them is good in this situation. How would you determine the coefficient of kinetic friction from this graph?
Restate the problem in terms of quantities you know or can measure. Beginning with basic physics principles, show how you get equations that give the forces you need to solve the problem. Make sure that you state any approximations or assumptions that you are making. Make sure that in each case the force is given in terms of quantities you know or can measure. Write down the approximate expression for friction that you are testing and sketch a graph of frictional force as a function of normal force for that equation.
First draw a free-body diagram of the block as it slides down the track. Then choose a coordinate system that will make calculations of energy transfer to and from the block easiest, and transfer the force vectors to your chosen coordinate system.
To determine the angle of incline, you can use a meter stick to measure the length of the ramp and the vertical height of the ramp, and then use basic trigonometry to calculate the angle. The expression for the acceleration of the block in terms of quantities you know or can measure is given by:
a=Fnet/m,
where Fnet is the sum of all forces acting on the block and m is its mass. The acceleration will be positive if the net force on the block is greater than zero, negative if the net force is less than zero, and zero if the net force is zero.
Lastly, restate the problem in terms of quantities you know or can measure and use basic physics principles to show how you get equations that give the forces needed to solve the problem. Make sure that you state any approximations or assumptions that you are making, and write down the approximate expression for friction and sketch a graph of frictional force as a function of normal force for that equation.
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a positively charged insulated rod is brought near two neutral conducting spheres, a and b, which are touching each other and held in place and insulated from the rest of the environment. once the rod is close to (but not touching) sphere a, the spheres are separated from each other. sphere a is then suspended from a string, and the rod is brought near it again while sphere b is moved far away. sphere a is attracted to the rod. the investigation is repeated with a negatively charged rod, and the observed results are the same. which of the following best explains why the results are the same for a positively charged rod and a negatively charged rod?
The best explanation for why the results are the same for a positively charged rod and a negatively charged rod is that the charge on the spheres is redistributed to create opposite charges on the spheres.
The charge on the spheres is redistributed to create opposite charges on the spheres, which is why the results are the same for a positively charged rod and a negatively charged rod. This redistribution happens as a result of induction. As a result of the charge redistribution, the spheres develop an attraction to the rod. When a negatively charged rod is brought close to the spheres, the charge on the spheres is redistributed, causing one of the spheres to have a net positive charge and the other to have a net negative charge.
The sphere with the opposite charge (in this case, the one with a net positive charge) is attracted to the negatively charged rod, while the sphere with the same charge (in this case, the one with a net negative charge) is repelled. This redistribution results in the spheres separating from one other.When a positively charged rod is brought near the spheres, the same charge redistribution occurs, resulting in the same attraction between the oppositely charged sphere and the rod. Sphere B is far away, hence it does not undergo any charge redistribution as a result of the presence of the charged rod.
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which units are appropriate for measurement of apparent brightness?
"The units appropriate for measurement of apparent brightness is watts per square metre."
Even though a flashlight that is close by might seem brighter than a streetlight that is far away, the flashlight is actually much less bright when contrasted side by side. The measurement of a star's luminosity—a fancy term for its real brightness—as seen from Earth is known as apparent brightness, also known as apparent magnitude.
The intensity of starlight that reaches us per unit area is known as apparent luminosity. Area is measured in square meters and power is measured in volts.
A photometer is a device that gauges and rates a celestial body's luminosity.
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How much force would you exert if your car weighs 1,302 and your acceleration rate is -6.1 m/s
Answer:
-7,942.2 Newtons
Explanation:
Car Force Calculation.
How much force would you exert if your car weighs 1,302 and your acceleration rate is -6.1 m/s
To calculate the force exerted by a car, we can use the formula:
force = mass x acceleration
where mass is the mass of the car in kilograms, and acceleration is the acceleration rate in meters per second squared (m/s^2).
Given that the car weighs 1,302 kg and the acceleration rate is -6.1 m/s^2, we can plug these values into the formula:
force = 1,302 kg x (-6.1 m/s^2)
force = -7,942.2 Newtons (N)
The negative sign indicates that the force is in the opposite direction of the acceleration, which in this case is towards the back of the car.
What causes friction?
A. Tiny collisions, called microwelds, on surfaces, even those that seem smooth B. Action - Reaction C. All surfaces are rough to the touch and therefore cause friction D. Inertia
Answer:
b
Explanation: friction is like a force to something to react
a proton is accelerated from rest through a potential difference Vo and gains a speed of vo. If it were accelerated instead through a potential difference of 2Vo, it would gain a speed:
A) 2vo
B) 4vo
C) 2(square root 2)2vo
D) (square root 2) 2vo
If a proton was accelerated instead through a potential difference of 2Vo, it would gain a speed (square root 2) 2Vo.
Thus, the correct option is D.
Potentiаl difference is the work done per unit chаrge, аnd the energy gаined by the chаrge when pаssing through the potentiаl difference is directly proportionаl to the potentiаl difference.
The energy chаnge of а chаrged pаrticle when it is аccelerаted аcross а potentiаl difference is equаl to the work done on the pаrticle when it is аccelerаted. The kinetic energy of а chаrged pаrticle thаt hаs been аccelerаted through а potentiаl difference is cаlculаted аs follows;
∆K = q∆V,
where ∆K is the kinetic energy gained, q is the charge on the particle, and ∆V is the potential difference.
In the given case, the initial potential difference was Vo, and the kinetic energy gained by the proton was 1/2mv². Using the principle of conservation of energy, we can write;
1/2mv² = qVo--------------eqn 1
Now, if the potential difference is doubled to 2Vo, the kinetic energy gained will be calculated as follows;
1/2mv² = q(2Vo)--------------eqn 2
Now, to calculate the velocity of the proton, we need to equate kinetic energy in eqn 1 and 2. Thus;
1/2mv² = qVo and 1/2mv² = q(2Vo)
Equating both equations and simplifying gives;
Vo = 1/2 (2Vo)√2, which can be written as √2Vo.
Thus, if a proton is accelerated through a potential difference of 2Vo, its velocity will be √2 times its velocity when accelerated through a potential difference of Vo.
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