As extremophiles are hard to culture outside of their native environments, scientists classify and identify specific species with the help of DNA sequencing due to their genetic uniqueness.
What are extremophiles?
An organism that can survive under conditions that make it difficult to survive, such as those with severe temperature, radiation, salinity, or pH level, is known as an extremophile.
Ecologically speaking, these creatures have dominated the planet's evolutionary history. Extremophiles have existed for more than 40 million years and have persisted in thriving in the harshest environments, making them one of the most prevalent lifeforms.Classification of extremophiles:
Thermophiles - This refers to the microorganisms that grow best at high temperatures between 41 and 122 °C Example: cyanobacteria, purple sulfur bacteria, Clostridium psychrophiles Psychrophiles- This refers to microorganisms that grow and multiply at very low temperatures with from −20 °C(−4 °F) to 20 °C Example: Pseudoalteromonas, Moraxella, Psychrobacter, Flavobacterium Halophiles - This refers to the organisms that are capable of withstanding extreme saline conditions. Example: Salinibacter, Halomonas etc.acidophiles Acidophile - This refers to the microorganisms that survive in extreme acidic conditions of optimal growth in the range of pH 3–5. Example: E. coliTo learn more about extremophiles visit:
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Read each of the sentences that describe phases of the cell cycle. Drag each sentence into the correct box.
While meiosis takes place in germ cells producing gametes, mitosis takes place in the somatic cells.
What are the cell cycle's 4 main phases?Eukaryotic cell cycle consist of four distinct phases: G1, S, G2, and M. DNA replication takes place during the S or synthesis phase, and the cell divides during the M or mitotic phase. Other two phases, G1 and G2 phases, called the "gap phases," are equally important. The the cell enlarges in gap 1, or G1 phase, and gets ready to divide in gap 2, or G2 phase. The period between cell divisions (represented by the stages G1, S, and G2), together make up interphase.
Which 7 phases comprise the cell cycle?The G1, S, and G2 stages of interphase, the mitotic phases of mitosis and cytokinesis, and the G0 phase make up the cell cycle. There are five of these mitosis phases: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
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What was Wilson's goal for peace?
Woodrow Wilson's goals for peace included disarmament, free trade, self-determination of nations, a pact to end secret treaties and also a league of nations to realize collective security.
President Woodrow Wilson of The United States of America on January 8, 1918, as address to Congress, proposed a 14-point program to establish world peace. At the end of World War I, these points were taken as the basis for peace negotiations.
Wilson, in his speech, very directly addressed all that he understood were the causes for the world war and called for a reduction in armaments, the abolition of secret treaties, an adjustment in the colonial claims which can work in the interests of both the native people as well as the colonists and also the freedom of the seas.
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What human activities are involved in burning fossil fuels?
Burning fossil fuels involves activities such as mining, transporting, and combusting the fuel. Depending on the application, burning fossil fuels may yield electricity, heat or other forms of energy. Its emissions are known to have negative environmental impacts, including increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
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How do humans effect the marine ecosystem?
Human activities affect marine life and marine habitats through overfishing, habitat loss, the introduction of invasive species, ocean pollution, ocean acidification and ocean warming.
About Marine ecosystemsMarine ecosystems are life in the sea that includes biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) elements. In essence, everything contained in the sea is included in the marine ecosystem.
The biotic elements are fish, shellfish, algae, and anemones. While the abiotic elements are water, oxygen, sunlight, salt, sand, and rocks.
Citing various sources, the sea has an area of more than two-thirds of the earth's surface or around 71 percent.
Because it is so broad, the food chain is diverse. One of the food chains in a marine ecosystem is energy sun-algae-small fish-big fish-sharks-decomposers.
In this food chain, solar energy helps algae photosynthesize. The results of algae photosynthesis are food for small fish.
Small fish as first consumers are then eaten by big fish. Sharks occupy the highest place as predators that eat large fish. Then it will be broken down by decomposers when it dies.
The importance of the marine ecosystem because it provides many benefits for life, such as a place for research, a source of food, a source of drinking water, as a tourist attraction, flood control, and a place for cultivating shellfish, fish, and others.
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What was Mendel's first conclusion about pea plants?
Answer:
Mendel found that crosses between parents that differed for one trait produced F1 offspring that all expressed one parent's traits.
Explanation:
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The process of mitosis is the same in plant and animal cells until the division of the cytoplasm. At this stage, plant cells develop ___________.
At the stage of cytoplasm division in the process of mitosis, plant cells develop a cell plate, also known as the cell plate, also known as the cell plate. This structure eventually will form the cell wall between the two daughter cells. Animal cells do not develop a cell plate and instead rely on contractile fibers in the cell called microfilaments to pull the chromosomes apart and physically separate the cytoplasm of the cell.
Compare the horseshoe crab that lives today with the fossil that is millions of years old. What kind of habitat do you think its fossilized ancestor lived in? Explain your answer.
Answer: Horseshoe crab fossils have been estimated to be 445 million years old. They co-evolved with other primitive arthropods called trilobites, a long-extinct close relative of the horseshoe crab, in the shallow seas of the Paleozoic Era (540-248 million years ago).
The sustainable use of rainforest resources is exemplified by?
a. lumber harvesting
b. ranching
c. harvesting nuts
d. none of the above
The sustainable use of rainforest resources is exemplified by harvesting nuts. Thus, the appropriate response for this question is C.
What is the sustainable use of rainforest resources?The sustainable use of rainforest resources is regulated through Logging and replanting. The method of selective logging of mature trees ensures that the rainforest canopy is preserved.
This method allows the forest to recover because the younger trees gain more space and sunlight to grow. Planned and controlled logging ensures that for every tree logged another is planted.
An example of this is sustainable foresty, which balances the removal of trees to sell with the conservation of the forest. Selective logging involves only removing a small number of trees, allowing the forest to regenerate naturally.
Therefore, the sustainable use of rainforest resources is exemplified by harvesting nuts. Thus, the appropriate response for this question is C.
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Answer:
The answer is C
WILL MARK BRAINILEST!! PLEASE HELP
You can measure humidity in your own backyard. (10 points)
A. What tool could you use to measure humidity in your backyard? (4 points)
B. What steps should you follow to measure humidity with this tool? (4 points)
C. What result will let you know the air has a low humidity? (2 points)
Technically this is Earth Science
Which option describes a disadvantage of genetic engineering in agriculture?
Answer: (*Cracks Knuckles*)
Explanation: Food safety, environmental effects, and socioeconomic issues,cross-pollination, pest resistance, human health, the environment, the economy, and productivity.
What is the genotype of a person's trait if an organism has two identical alleles for that trait?
The genotype will be homozygous if an organism has two identical alleles for a trait.
Homozygous and heterozygous are the two terms which are used to describe allele pairs in an organism. Organisms which carry two identical alleles are called homozygous whereas those organisms which have different alleles are called heterozygous.
For example, the gene which happens to code for hair color has two alleles one of which is "B" which codes for brown-colored hair and "b" which codes for blonde hair. Homozygous individuals will have the same color alleles, that is, either "BB" or "bb" genotype whereas the heterozygous individuals will have the "Bb" genotype.
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draw and label one complete cell cycle
The cell cycle is comprised of the following steps: Mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase) and cytokinesis follow interphase (G1, S, G2). During interphase, the cell prepares to divide, organelles duplicate, and DNA replicates in the S phase.
The cell cycle is a four-stage process during which the cell grows (gap 1, or G1), replicates its DNA (synthesis, or S), prepares to divide (gap 2, or G2), and divides (mitosis, or M, stage).
The cell cycle is divided into four stages: gap 1 (G1), synthesis (S), gap 2 (G2), and mitosis (M). A single cell cycle takes about 24 hours for most human cells.
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What types of adaptations would help organisms living in the high intertidal zone of a sandy beach survive?.
The types of adaptations that would help organisms living in the high intertidal zone of a sandy beach survive are clinging fаst to the rocky surfаces; others find shelter in crevices or hiding under thick mаts of seаweed when the tide is out.
What is the intertidal zone?The intertidаl zone is аn ecosystem found on mаrine shorelines, where а multitude of orgаnisms living on the shore survive chаnges between high аnd low tides.
The intertidаl zone cаn be further divided into three zones: high tide, middle tide, аnd low tide. The high tide zone is only submerged аt high tide аnd is hotter аnd drier аs а result. The middle tide zone is submerged аnd exposed for equаl аmounts of time. The low tide zone is only exposed during low tide аnd hаs the greаtest biodiversity of the three zones becаuse it provides more fаvorаble conditions for those orgаnisms thаt cаnnot tolerаte аir exposure for long.
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cal Scenario: Bone Composition and Osteoporosis The skeleton contains two types of bone tissue: spongy (cancellous) bone and compact bone. As the names suggest, compac marrow. Label the structures in the figure of skeletal tissue. View Available Hint(s) Osteon Compact bone Spongy (cancellous) bone Central canals Circumferential Lamellae Submit
The bones, which also produce red and white blood cells, store minerals, provide the body structure and support, and allow motion, protect the body's other organs.
Bones come in a range of shapes and sizes and have complex internal and exterior systems. They have a number of uses and are both light and sturdy. A group of specialized bone cells weave a complicated web of bonded minerals and a flexible matrix, which together make up around 70% of bone and prevent it from being evenly solid. Bones' distinctive make-up and structure enable them to be reasonably strong and hard while still being light.
The elastic collagen fibres, also known as ossein, make up 90 to 95% of the bone matrix, with the remaining material being crushed up. Collagen's flexibility increases fracture resistance. The binding of the inorganic mineral salt calcium phosphate into the chemical structure known as bone mineral, a kind of calcium hydroxyapatite, hardens the matrix. The mineralization process is what gives bones their stiffness.
Through the course of life, certain bone cells called osteoblasts and osteoclasts actively build and remodel bone. The tissue is intertwined into two basic patterns called cortical and cancellous bone, each with a distinct appearance and properties, within any given bone.
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What is processed food in the stomach called?
Processed food in the stomach is referred to as a bolus. A bolus is a semi-solid mass of food that is formed in the mouth by the mechanical and chemical actions of chewing and saliva.
It is the first step in the digestive process, as it is composed of food that has been partially broken down and is now ready to be further processed by the digestive system.
The bolus is first swallowed and then enters the stomach, where it is further broken down by the action of stomach acids and digestive enzymes. These enzymes break down the food into smaller molecules so that they can be absorbed by the small intestine and eventually enter the bloodstream. Ultimately, these molecules provide the body with energy and the essential nutrients it needs to function.
Processed foods are those that have been altered from their natural state in some way, such as by cooking, canning, freezing, or adding preservatives. These processed foods are easier to digest than their unprocessed counterparts, but their nutritional content may not be as high.
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What is the theory of punctuated equilibrium?
It describes the rate of geologic time.
It explains why mass extinctions occur.
It describes one way that new species arise.
It explains how domestic animals evolved.
The theory of punctuated equilibrium describes one way that new species arise.
The third option is correct.
What is Punctuated equilibrium?Punctuated equilibrium is described as a term, which signifies the change in evolution of animals and plants in a comparative static manner.
The theory of punctuated equilibrium states these changes takes place in shots of time intermittently which is in contrary to the concept that life forms modify gradually with time in response to their surroundings,
The term is also in contrary to Darwin's more dynamic evolution model. In conclusion, punctuated equilibrium suggests that evolution only occurs in bursts of time, which are brisk.
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why is it important to assign each organism a scientific name?
In order to classify an organism as a species and assign it a scientific name, one must give a thorough description that identifies the traits that set it apart from other similar or related creatures.
These names make it possible for the scientific community to share a name database. Without them, discussing various species is difficult to do. Binomial nomenclature is the system used to classify species, and it gives each organism a general name for the family it belongs to as well as a unique name to identify it. A natural history museum needs to receive a voucher specimen.
To ensure that there is a term that all the scientists gathered for a discussion would understand, it is crucial to give every living creature in the world a scientific name. If there is no scientific name, different scientists will refer to a single species, such as the mango, by different names.
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In the hydrosphere, increases in temperature cause ice to melt. The liquid water become less reflective than the ice, which
leads to an increase in temperature. What type of feedback loop is this, and why?
Answer: positive feedback loop
Explanation:
A positive feedback loop is a process in which an initial change in a system leads to a further change in the same direction, amplifying the initial change. In this case, an increase in temperature causes ice to melt which leads to an increase in temperature because the liquid water is less reflective than the ice, which means that the water absorbs more heat from the sun leading to further increase in temperature. This process amplifies the initial increase in temperature, creating a self-reinforcing cycle.
This is a positive feedback loop because it amplifies the initial warming rather than dampening it. This can lead to runaway warming and melting of ice, which can have severe impacts on the global climate and sea level rise.
This positive feedback loop is known as the ice-albedo feedback, where the albedo is the measure of the reflectivity of a surface. The ice has a high albedo (reflective) while the water has a low albedo (non-reflective), meaning that more heat is absorbed by the water than the ice, leading to a temperature increase.
Answer: It is a positive feedback loop because it responds to an increase in temperature with a change that further increases the temperature.
Explanation: Plato
Why is type O negative blood considered the universal red blood cell donor?
It has all three types of antigens.
It has all three types of antibodies.
It lacks all three types of antigens.
It lacks all three types of antibodies.
Type O blood type is the only blood group that is safe to utilize in an emergency when a patient's blood group is unknown. The fact that it works with all blood groups is the explanation.
What are the four main blood type categories?
The four main blood types (groups) are A, B, AB, and O. The genes you inherited from your parents define your blood type. There are a total of 8 blood types, each of which can be either Right hand drive positive or Right hand drive negative.
What blood type is the rarest?
Only 1% of our contributors have AB negative, the rarest of a seven major blood types. Although being in little supply, there is
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The first step taken when looking through the oculars of a microscope is to adjust the oculars until only one circle of light can be viewed.
True
False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
If multiple circles of light can be seen when looking through the lenses, they should be adjusted a position that produces just one circle of light. This allows the sample to be seen clearly when the next steps are taken, such as adjusting the magnification and focus.
What are isobars?
O lines on a weather map that connect places of equal temperature
O lines on a bar graph showing pressure measurements
O lines on a weather map that connect places of equal wind speed
O lines on a weather map that connect places of equal pressure
Answer:
D.
Explanation:
a line on a map connecting points having the same atmospheric pressure at a given time or on average over a given period.
A curved part is used for a high forehead or _______.
A. round face
B. long face
C. square face
D. receding hairline
A curved part is used for a high forehead or receding hairline. Hence, option D is correct.
What is a receding hairline?The loss or thinning of hair on the scalp, especially at the front and top of the scalp, beginning at the temple, is referred to as a receding hairline. The condition affects more men than women and has a wide range of potential causes.
Aging, changes in hormone levels, hereditary factors, drugs, and medical conditions are typical reasons.
A curved part is used for a high forehead or receding hairline. Hence, option D is correct.
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2.03 integumentary system structures note guide
The integumentary system is composed of the structures or organs that make up the external portion of the body.
The integumentary system forming the external portions of the body includes, skin, nails, hairs, as well as exocrine glands like the sweat glands and sebum glands. The function of the integumentary system is protection, body temperature regulation, elimination of wastes, etc.
The exocrine glands are the type of glands that release the secretions with the help of ducts present on the body surfaces. The secretions that are secreted by exocrine glands are: sweat, tears, saliva, milk, and digestive juices, oil, etc.
The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:
Write a short note on the integumentary system and structures.
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What are the possible blood types of the child if the father has AB blood type and the mother has a blood type?
If the father has AB blood type and the mother has a blood type, the possible blood types of the child are A, B, AB and O.
The blood type of a child is determined by the combination of genes inherited from the mother and father. This is because the AB blood type is a combination of both A and B blood types and the "O" blood type is the universal donor blood type that can donate blood to recipients of any ABO blood group.
So any combination of those genes can result in one of the four possible blood types.
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Your question is incomplete but probably, the complete question was:
What are the possible blood types of the child if the father has AB blood type and the mother has a blood type?
A
B
AB
O
Either A or B
What do your data tell you about how the intensity (amount) of light affects the rate of photosynthesis performed by the plant? Remember that a rate involves a change in amount over time. Does this answer make sense? Why or why not?
The data tell that the high intensity (amount) of light affects the rate of photosynthesis performed by the plant by leading to an increase in it.
What is Photosynthesis?This is referred to as the process in which green plants manufacture their food in the presence of sunlight and other compounds such as water etc.
The green pigment known as chlorophyll is responsible for trapping the sunlight in plants and is responsible for providing the needed energy which is used to power the reaction. This therefore means that an increase in the light intensity will lead to a corresponding increase in the rate of photosynthesis.
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From the experiment, it can be concluded that at low intensities, the rate of photosynthesis increases with the increase in the amount of light intensity. Therefore, the rate of photosynthesis is directly proportional to the light intensity and inversely proportional to the distance.
Muscle fatigue occurs when the cells run out of oxygen. Without oxygen present, the animal_________ switches to ___________.
Oxygen deprivation in the cells leads to muscle tiredness. Because oxygen is the last electron acceptor in the chain, mitochondria depend on it to function.
What are mitochondria and what do they do?
The majority of the chemical energy required to drive a cell's metabolic operations is produced by mitochondria, which are lattice cell organelles (mitochondrion, singular). Adenosine triphosphate, a tiny molecule, serves as a storage container for the chemical energy generated by the mitochondria.
Why is the powerhouse of the cell the mitochondria?
Because they are in charge of cellular respiration, the mitochondria are referred to as the "powerhouse" of the cell. Adenosine triphosphate, a type of energy, is released (ATP). It serves as the cell's energy currency.
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how does bacteria affect the nitrogen cycle??
Answer: Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil and within the root nodules of some plants convert nitrogen gas in the atmosphere to ammonia. Nitrifying bacteria convert ammonia to nitrites or nitrates. Ammonia, nitrites, and nitrates are all fixed nitrogen and can be absorbed by plants.
Which of the following is not a way in which trees benefit the environment?
a.They remove a significant amount of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
b.They remove a significant amount of oxygen from the atmosphere.
c.Their roots hold soil in place, reducing rates of erosion.
d.They remove ozone and particulates from the atmosphere.
It is not a way in trees benefit the environment they remove a significant amount of oxygen from the atmosphere. The correct option is (B).
What do you mean by the benefit the environment?The preservation of special habitat and local biodiversity is a significant environmental advantage. Unaltered natural regions are essential for food, shelter, and reproduction for wildlife and vegetation, often in ways that people have not always understood.
Reducing or eliminating harmful emissions at the point of use is good for the environment. along the entire fuel chain, a reduction or elimination of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions.
Therefore, it is not a way in trees benefit the environment they remove a significant amount of oxygen from the atmosphere
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Define the following terms.
Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences.
autotetraploid
paracentric inversion
Edwards syndrome
pericentric inversion
Patau syndrome
monosomy
trisomy
euploidy
autopolyploidy
allopolyploidy
amphidiploid
aneuploidy
1. is a general condition when an organism gains or loses one or more chromosomes but not a complete set.
2. is a general condition where complete haploid sets of chromosomes are present.
3. is a loss of one chromosome from an otherwise diploid genome.
4. is a gain of one chromosome in addition to an otherwise diploid genome.
5. is a trisomy of chromosome 13 in humans.
6. is a trisomy of chromosome 18 in humans.
7. is the addition of one or more extra sets of chromosomes, identical to the normal haploid complement of the same species.
8. is the case of polyploidy when the chromosomes originate from the hybridization of two different species, usually closely related.
9. is a polyploid that has two extra sets of chromosomes, identical to the normal haploid complement of the same species.
10. is an autotetraploid derived from two known original species.
11. is an inversion that has breakpoints that include the centromere
12. is an inversion that has breakpoints that do not include the centromere
1. When an organism gets or loses chromosomes, but not a full set, it is said to be aneuploid.
2. The presence of entire haploid sets of chromosomes is referred to as euploidy.
3. A monosomy is a diploid genome that has lost one of its chromosomes.
4. Trisomy is the addition of one chromosome to a genome that is normally diploid.
5. Humans with Patau syndrome have a trisomy of chromosome 13.
6. In humans, chromosome 18 trisomy causes Edwards syndrome.
7. The insertion of one or more additional sets of chromosomes that are identical to the typical haploid complement of the same species is known as autopolyploidy.
8. Allopolyploidy is a kind of polyploidy in which the chromosomes are the result of the hybridization of two distinct
11. The centromere is one of the breakpoints for the inversion known as pericentric inversion.
12. A paracentric inversion is one that does not have breakpoints at the centromere.
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A green pea plant (yy) is crossed with a yellow pea plant (YY).
If a green pea plant (yy) is crossed with a yellow pea plant (YY) then all offspring will be yellow and heterozygous for the trait with genotype Yy.
What is a heterozygous genotype?A heterozygous genotype is a genetic composition in which two different alleles are present for a particular gene, thereby both gene variants may contribute to the phenotype when it does not involve complete dominance such as occurs in this case.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that a heterozygous genotype is composed of two different alleles that may contribute to the phenotype.
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