Sunlight is the main source of energy on Earth, which makes it an extremely important abiotic factor. Sunlight is necessary for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert carbon dioxide (CO2) and water to oxygen (O2) and sugar – food for the plants that later becomes food for animals.
What causes a sharp stabbing pain in the chest that comes and goes?
Reason of sharp stabbing pain in the chest is high blood pressure, large amount of fatty oil present in our body.
Encountering an irregular horrible pain in the chest can be stressing, however there are numerous potential reasons for this sort of chest torment. Albeit some can be serious and even perilous, others are harmless.
Heart Attack : A respiratory failure is a serious lack or complete blockage of blood stream to the heart muscle. A coronary episode might cause a dull, pounding, or horrible feeling in the chest. The aggravation might happen in the focal point of the chest or just left of the middle.
Heartburn: Indigestion is chest torment that happens when stomach corrosive breaks out of the stomach and back up into the throat (food pipe). The throat is the cylinder that interfaces the mouth and stomach. Individuals commonly experience indigestion as a sharp or consuming torment in the focal point of the chest.
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About how often is a full moon observed from the Earths surface?A. Every two weeksB. Once each leap yearC. Once a monthD. Each a week
The pattern of lunar stages endures near a month, at 29.5 days, a period known as the synodic month. In this manner, the full moon happens ordinarily once each scheduled month, be that as it may, when the full moon occurs inside the initial two days of an allowed month.
Indeed. The Moon requires around one month to circle Earth (27.3 days to finish a transformation, however, 29.5 days to change from New Moon to New Moon). As the Moon finishes each 27.3-day circle around Earth, both Earth and the Moon are moving around the Sun.
This is viewed as the underlying or the principal day of the moon's stage. Following fifteen days or so we see the whole moon and consequently, we call it a full moon day. As we currently realize that the moon goes in a circle at a uniform speed we can presume that following fifteen days from the full moon day we will again have the new moon day.
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Who first isolated and identified DNA?
The discovery of DNA can be attributed to a number of scientists, but the first person to isolate and identify it was Swiss physician and biologist Friedrich Miescher.
Miescher’s discovery of “nuclein” as he called it, occurred in 1869 while he was studying white blood cells from pus. He observed that there was a substance in the nucleus of these cells that was different from proteins, which were the only known biomolecules at the time. He called this substance “nuclein”.
Miescher’s breakthrough was largely ignored for the next 50 years, until other scientists began to recognize its importance. In the 1950s, James Watson and Francis Crick used X-ray crystallography to determine the structure of DNA, and it was then that the full implications of Miescher’s discovery were realized.
Miescher’s work was the foundation for the discoveries of Watson and Crick, which led to the modern understanding of DNA. While Miescher’s discovery was largely overlooked for many years, it is now recognized as one of the most important discoveries in modern science. Without Miescher’s work, the field of genetics and our understanding of the mechanisms of life would not be where it is today.
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which of the following countries produces the most greenhouse gasses
According to the latest data from the Global Carbon Atlas, the five countries with the highest total [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] emissions since the Industrial Revolution are the United States, China, Russia, Germany and the United Kingdom.
Carbon dioxide ( [tex]CO_{2}[/tex]) is an odorless gas that is essential to life on earth. [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] is also known as a greenhouse gas. Too high a concentration can disrupt the natural temperature regulation in the atmosphere and lead to global warming.
Concentrations of [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] are increasing, especially as a result of the industrial revolution and the exponential growth of manufacturing activities around the world. Deforestation, agriculture and fossil fuel use are the main sources of [tex]CO_{2}[/tex].
In 2020, the largest emitters were China, the United States, India, Russia and Japan.
Why is mitosis crucial life?
Mitosis is crucial for life as it replaces the worn out cells in the body and provides new cells for growth.
Mitosis is basically a kind of cell division which involves one cell, the mother cell, divides in order to produce two new cells which are known as the daughters cells which are genetically identical to itself. When we look at the cell cycle, mitosis is the part of the process of division in which the DNA present in the cell's nucleus is split to form two equal sets of chromosomes.
Since mitosis allows the DNA to split into two equal sets, it helps in ensuring equal division of chromosomes during the formation of daughter cells. The cells in the body get worn out and are replaced by the help of mitosis division. Mitosis results in the formation of two new daughter cells and hence provides new cells for growth.
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Identify the key structural features of a DNA molecule
a. DNA strands are antiparallel and include a 5'end and a 3'end.
b. Strong ionic bonds and hydrophobic interaction hold DNA together.
c. DNA contains the nucleotide bases adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil.
d. DNA is most often found as a left-handed helix, commonly referred to as Z-DNA.
e. The backbone of DNA is made of a sugar and a phosphate molecule.
f. DNA bases are always paired purine with pyrimidine.
Answer:
the backbone of a DNA is made of a sugar and a phosphate molecule
mention for comparisons among taxis,nastism and tropic
Tropism is the term used to describe the directional movement of plants, whereas taxis is used to describe the directional movements of animals in reaction to a stimulus.
What exactly is nastism?Nastisms, also known as nastic motions, are typically found in plants and are non-directional reactions to stimuli (such as temperature, humidity, and light irradiance). Movement in plants can be caused by changes in turgor or growth, hence K+ ion concentration often regulates such movement in plants.
What distinctions exist between tropism and taxis?Tropism is defined as the directional movement of plants, whereas taxis is defined as the directional movement of animals in response to a stimulus. The most prevalent taxi types are chemotaxis and phototaxis, which react to light (in response to chemicals).
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Which of the following is the best description of cell division that takes place through the process of meiosis
A. Embryo is growing and developing in the womb
B. A sperm cell and egg cell combine, forming a zygote
C. Humans begin producing sperm
D. Skin cells are constantly being replaced as old ones shed away every day
The best description of cell division that takes place through the process of meiosis is when the humans begin to produce sperms. Thus, the correct option is C.
What is Meiosis?Meiosis is a type of cell division. It is also called as reductional division. Meiosis occurs in the sex cells. These result into production of gametes in the organisms which reproduce through sexual mode of reproduction.
Meiosis is divided into two divisions which are Meiosis I and Meiosis II. These results into four daughter cells which contain haploid or half set of chromosomes in comparison to the parent cells. The gametes produced from meiosis undergo fusion to produce diploid zygote (2n).
Therefore, the correct option is C.
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In squirrels, grey is dominant and brown is recessive. A homozygous recessive female is crossed with a heterozygous male. Deduce how many of their offspring will be brown.
A homozygous recessive female is crossed with a heterozygous male. 25% of their offspring will be brown.
What do you mean homozygous recessive?An organism with one dominant allele and one recessive allele is said to have a heterozygous genotype. In our example, this genotype is written Bb. Finally, the genotype of an organism with two recessive alleles is called homozygous recessive.
In a heterozygous genotype, the dominant allele overrules the recessive one. Therefore, the dominant trait will be expressed. The recessive trait won't show, but you're still a carrier.
Cystic fibrosis is one example of a homozygous recessive disease. The broken gene is involved in transporting chloride, something all cells need to do.
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What are 4 specialty areas within the field of biomedical engineering?
There are four areas of specialty within the field of biomedical engineering namely biomechanics, systems physiology, bioinstrumentation and rehabilitation engineering.
Biomedical engineering which is also known as the medical engineering basically involves the application of engineering principles as well as the design concepts in the field of healthcare. There are four major areas of specialty in the field of biomedical engineering which are biomechanics, systems physiology, bioinstrumentation and rehabilitation engineering.
Biomechanics involves application of mechanics to biological or medical problems. Systems physiology involves the use of engineering strategies to gain an integrated understanding of the functioning in living organisms. Bioinstrumentation involves application of measurement and electronics principles to develop devices that can be used in diagnosis and treatment of disease. Rehabilitation engineering focuses on improving the quality of life for individuals which have physical impairments.
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Which of the following answer choices does not include an application of biotechnology?
GMOs
Gel electrophoresis
Crossing over
Transgenic organisms
Hence the correct answer is Transgenic organisms.
What are the 4 applications of biotechnology?Therapeutics, diagnostics, GM food, processed food, bioremediation, waste treatment, and energy production are only a few examples of the applications of biotechnology. We can now battle hunger and disease, produce more safely, cleanly, and efficiently, minimise our ecological imprint, and save energy thanks to the five branches of modern biotechnology: human, environmental, industrial, animal, and plant. When developing or producing various products, biotechnology makes use of biological systems, living organisms, or components of these. Examples of procedures that fall under the definition of biotechnology include brewing and baking bread (yeast is a live creature that can be used to produce the desired result).To learn more about biotechnology refer to:
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Use the diagram to answer questions 1-3 about relative dating.
1. Which fossil species seems the oldest?
2. Which species seems to have evolved more recently?
3. Which species evolved first: Ammonite or Crinoid Stem?
Based on the given chart, following is the characteristic of different fossil species - Trilobite fossil species seems the oldest, Crinoid species seems to have evolved more recently, Ammonite species evolved first.
Fossils -The existence of fossils, which also demonstrate how various species have evolved, provides indisputable proof that ancient organisms were distinct from those that are alive now.
The morphological, or anatomical, record is the comparative anatomy of living species and fossils. Paleontologists can determine the lineages of various species by examining the anatomy of both living and extinct species.
For species having hard body components like shells, bones, or teeth, this strategy is effective. As a result, the fossil record tells the tale of the past and demonstrates how shape changed over the course of millions of years. All fossils, known and unknown, are included in the fossil record, along with their stratigraphic and fossiliferous localities (rock formations that contain fossils).
Trilobite fossil species seems the oldest.
Crinoid species seems to have evolved more recently.
Ammonite species evolved first.
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Which statement is true about fossils?
O Most life on earth has been preserved as fossils.
O The conditions for forming fossils are rare.
O Any organism can be preserved as a fossil no matter its form.
O The fossil record provides a thorough and complete view of Earth's history.
Answer: I believe The conditions for forming fossils are rare.
Explanation: hope this helps
dna strands are antiparallel. what does that mean?
DNA strands are antiparallel because two strands run in opposite directions of one another.
DNA structureDNA, an abbreviation of deoxyribonucleic acid, codes genetic information.
The structure of DNA is a double helix, which means spiral, and consists of two DNA strands. Each strand is made of nucleotides. As the monomer of DNA, each nucleotide consist of a phosphate, nitrogenous base, and deoxyribose sugar, but the orientation of the sugar molecule is opposite in the two strands.
Both strands of DNA grow from [tex]5^{'}[/tex] to [tex]3^{'}[/tex] end, in opposite directions.
The antiparallel orientation makes the base pairs can complement each other and structurally more stable than parallel. This structure also affect when DNA replication.
Thus, DNA strands are antiparallel means that one strand runs in [tex]5^{'}[/tex] to [tex]3^{'}[/tex] direction and the other runs in [tex]3^{'}[/tex] to [tex]5^{'}[/tex] direction.
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Answer:
opposites and parallel
Explanation:
Please Help! I Have Limited Time!
Maya wrote a few steps to describe how carbon circulates between the atmosphere and living organisms. Step 4 is missing.
Step 1: Carbon enters the atmosphere as carbon dioxide from respiration and combustion
Step 2: Plants use carbon dioxide to make glucose
Step 3: Plant-eating animals consume the glucose present in plants
Step 4:
Which of the following best describes step 4?
A. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is used by plants for photosynthesis.
B. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is converted into glucose by animals.
C. Dead animals decompose and recycle the carbon in the form of oxygen and water.
D. Dead animals are buried and form fossil fuels, which produce carbon dioxide when burned.
Unit 10: Career Exploration
This activity will help you meet these educational goals:
● Content Knowledge—You will learn about the responsibilities of different types of
Biologists.
● Inquiry—You will conduct online research in which you will collect information, make
observations, and communicate your results in written form.
● 21st Century Skills—You will employ online tools for research and analysis, use critical
thinking, and communicate effectively.
Introduction
Biologists have different responsibilities based on their career choice or specialty. You have to
understand the opportunities available to you should pursue a career in this field.
__________________________________________________________________________
Directions
Task 1: Biologist Responsibilities
Research one or more of the following biology-related job fields: Field Biologist, Senior Biologist,
Conservation Biologist, Conservation Scientist, or Evolutionary Ecologist. Find a sample resume
within that field and identify some key skill sets that resume has. Are these skills that you feel you
already possess? Or would you need to grow some of these skills? Be sure to upload the sample
resume to the dropbox.
Type your response here:
There are many different job paths you might choose with this degree, but biology is a prerequisite for careers in the science and health sectors.
What is career in Biology?Relevant experience demonstrates your dedication to the field and helps you gain practical skills in a competitive employment market. It also gives you the chance to network with other professionals.
Profession experience might provide you a helpful understanding of the work if you're undecided of the area of biology you want to pursue.
You can qualify for a scholarship or bursary to help pay for your year-long industrial placement if your biology degree program includes one.
Therefore, There are many different job paths you might choose with this degree, but biology is a prerequisite for careers in the science and health sectors.
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Which type of plasma membrane transport is used for gas exchange?
Since simple diffusion is responsible for the actual gas exchange, oxygen and carbon dioxide can pass across membranes without the use of energy.
Gas exchange utilises what type of cell transport process?Diffusion has a major role in gas exchange during breathing. A concentration gradient drives the transport mechanism of diffusion. The concentration of gas molecules shifts from one area to another.
What type of membrane transport mechanism does the gas use to pass the membrane?diffusive facilitation Others require assistance to pass the plasma membrane's hydrophobic core, unlike some molecules, like as carbon dioxide and oxygen, which can diffuse through it on their own. When a diffusion process is assisted, membrane proteins help molecules move across the plasma membrane.
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These animals live in the Sound’s salt marshes, eating a mixture of plants and animals, and were hunted to near extinction.
The animals that live in the Sound’s salt marshes, eating a mixture of plants and animals, and were hunted to near extinction is the Diamondback terrapins.
Why do animals go into extinction?There are many reasons why animals go into extinction and they include:
Habitat loss which is the primary cause of higher extinction rates.habitat changes, over-exploitation of wildlife for commercial purposes, the introduction of harmful nonnative species, pollution, and the spread of diseases.The diamondback terrapin is a species of turtle native to the brackish coastal tidal marshes of the Northeastern and southern United States, and in Bermuda.
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Complete the following sentence.
Farmers are protected from legal suits aimed at limiting their farming practices by various Right to
United States.
laws in all the states of the
Right to farm laws in the United States deny nuisance lawsuits against farmers who use accepted and standard farming practices and have been in prior operation even if these practices harm or bother adjacent property owners or the general public.
Right-to-farm laws
The United States' right to farm rules forbid nuisance lawsuits against farmers who follow established farming practices, even if they cause harm or annoyance to nearby property owners or the general public.
Noise, scents, visual clutter, and hazardous constructions can all be agricultural annoyances.
All 50 states have a Right to Farm law in some form.
Many of these laws were created after 1980 as a result of the decline in farmland availability and challenges posed by private and public nuisance actions that make farming less likely.
The rules are intended to lessen the threat that nuisance lawsuits and burdensome state and local government regulation pose to common farming operations.
Unlike traditional agricultural preservation measures, which are intended to protect farmland itself,
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a diploid yeast species that can reproduce either sexually or asexually. An experiment was performed to induce mitotically dividing S. cerevisiae cells in G2 to undergo meiosis. Which of the following best describes the steps these cells will follow to form gametes?
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a diploid yeast species, which means that it has two copies of each chromosome. To form gametes, S. cerevisiae cells must go through a process called meiosis.
Meiosis is a type of cell division that results in the formation of four genetically diverse haploid cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
The steps the cells will follow to form gametes are:
Prophase I: The chromosomes condense and become visible under a microscope. Homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over.
Metaphase I: The homologous chromosomes line up at the center of the cell.
Anaphase I: The paired homologous chromosomes are separated and pulled to opposite poles of the cell.
Telophase I: The chromosomes reach the poles and the cell begins to divide.
Cytokinesis: The cell physically divides in two, forming two haploid cells.
A second round of cell division, called meiosis II, takes place in which the chromosomes are again separated resulting in the formation of four haploid cells.
It's worth to mention that, yeast cells are capable of switching between sexual and asexual reproduction depending on environmental conditions. The formation of meiotic spores depends on the presence of specific nutrients, mating partners and stress.
How could an increase in mitochondria-rich cells increase energy in a mouse?
Answer:
From birth, the mouse's muscle cells made more mitochondria and burned more fat than the muscle cells of normal mice would. Additional research on mice showed that a drug known as AICAR had the same influence as endurance training.
Answer:
This is pretty simple: mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, so as soon as you add more, there is more energy.
this response of the shoot system benefits the plant by allowing the plant to —
The shoot system benefits the plant by allowing the plant to respond to the sunlight by moving the stem as well as shoot towards the direction of the sunlight.
The plant shoot enables the plant to respond in the presence of a sunlight This sunlight helps to facilitate photosynthesis in the leaves which is found in the secondary stems. Shoot system in the plants consists of a number of different components, which is including; Bud, leaf, node and stem.
Stem is the main support for a plant and node is the attachment point for buds and leaves. Bud is a location of new plant growth and leaf is the main source of the photosynthesis.
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Which activity is more likely to be the work of a research scientist rather than an engineer?
A. Developing safer space suits to protect astronauts
B. Creating materials to absorb thermal energy from fires
C. Finding ways to use a 3D printer to make food packaging
D. Using tools to measure radiation levels in space
Answer:
D. Using tools to measure radiation levels in space
Explanation:
You want to identify the activity that is more likely to be the work of a research scientist rather than an engineer.
EngineeringThe task of an engineer is to apply the laws of physics and the properties of materials to the creation of useful artifacts. Such artifacts may include space suits, fireproof materials, or food packaging.
ResearchThe task of a research scientist is to observe the world and the interaction of its parts. The purpose is to come to an understanding that allows prediction of future behavior.
Of the choices offered, the most likely task of a research scientist is ...
using tools to measure radiation levels in space.
How do I make this into a summary ?
Palaeontologists are scientists who study the fossilized remains of plants and animals that lived long ago.
The study of fossils:
Palaeontologists have discovered fossil remains of cetaceans with skulls different from modern whales, as well as a more ancient cetacean with hind legs and a pelvis. Although the pelvis wasn't fused to the backbone and the cetacean was able to swim, its ankle bones were unique to the order of biogeography animals like bison, pigs, hippos, and deer. This indicates that evolutionary change is driven in part by geographical change, as these animals tend to be found in the same regions.
What are Fossils?
Fossils basically are the remains or traces of animals, plants, and other organisms that lived in the distant past. They can come in the form of bones, teeth, shells, footprints, or even impressions in sediment. Fossils provide valuable evidence about the history of life on Earth.
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The DNA of an elephant and the DNA of a cherry tree will probably differ in all of the following respects EXCEPT the. B. kinds of nucleotides utilized in ...
The types of nucleotides used to create DNA are likely to vary between the DNA of an elephant and a cherry tree.
Which of the following doesn't make up the structure of DNA?Deoxyribose sugar, a phospate molecule, and one nitrogenous base from adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine are all components of the nucleotides that make up DNA strands. Uracil never makes up a DNA nucleotide. It can be found in RNA.
What are the top three structural differences between DNA and RNA?Therefore, the three primary structural differences between RNA and DNA are as follows: RNA has a single strand, whereas DNA has two. RNA has uracil while DNA has thymine. Deoxyribose is a sugar that is present in DNA but not RNA.
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Question:
The DNA of an elephant and the DNA of a cherry tree will probably differ in all of the following respects EXCEPT the
A. kinds of genes for which the DNA codes
B. kinds of nucleotides utilized in forming DNA
C. number of DNA molecules
D. length of DNA molecules
E. sequence of DNA nucleotides
Which statement accurately identifies the order of tissues pictured from left to right in the microscopic image?
Epithelial cells, smooth muscle, connective tissues
Epithelial cells, connective tissues, smooth muscle
Connective tissues, smooth muscle, elastic fibers
Connective tissues, elastin fibers, smooth muscle
The statement that accurately identifies the order of tissues pictured from left to right in the microscopic image is Connective tissues, smooth muscle, elastic fibers.
Option D is correct.
What are connective tissues?Connective tissues are described as tissues that supports, protects, and gives structure to other tissues and organs in the body.
Connective tissue also known to stores fat, they also helps move nutrients and other substances between tissues and organs, and helps repair damaged tissue.
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which human activity has a negative impact on animal populations
Answer: pollution
Explanation:
Deforestation, the clearing of forests on a large scale, is a human activity that has a significant negative impact on animal populations.
Option (A) is correct.
The removal of forest habitats directly and indirectly affects animal populations in several ways.
Habitat loss: Deforestation destroys the natural habitats of countless animal species. As forests are cleared for agriculture, urbanization, or logging, animals lose their homes, leading to displacement, fragmentation, and reduced access to food, water, and shelter.
Disruption of ecological balance: Forests play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance. Deforestation disrupts this balance, leading to changes in species composition, food webs, and ecological interactions.
Threats to endangered species: Many endangered animal species rely on forest ecosystems for their survival. Deforestation poses a severe threat to these vulnerable populations, pushing them closer to extinction.
Loss of biodiversity: Forests are rich in biodiversity, hosting numerous animal species. Deforestation diminishes this biodiversity, resulting in the loss of unique genetic resources and potential benefits derived from their interactions.
The negative impact of deforestation on animal populations highlights the importance of sustainable land use practices and conservation efforts to protect and preserve habitats for the well-being of wildlife.
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The complete question is:
Which human activity has a negative impact on animal populations?
A. Deforestation
B. Pollution
C. Overfishing
D. Habitat fragmentation
A set of biology exam scores are normally distributed with a mean of 606060 points and a standard deviation of 666 points. Antoaneta got a score of 515151 points on the exam. What proportion of exam scores are higher than antoaneta's score? you may round your answer to four decimal places.
The proportion of test scores that are higher than Antoaneta score is 0.9332.
Antoaneta scored 51 points on the test with a normal average of 60 points.
Antoaneta's score is 51 − 60 = − 9 relative to the average.
Standard deviations are relative to the mean: -9/6 = -1.5
This is Antoaneta's z-score.
To find the value of the proportion of exams above the Z-score of −1.5, look at the Z-table.
Z-score −1.5 = 0.0668, the test score is below Antoaneta's score
0.0668, the test score is below Antoaneta's score
If 0.0668 the test score is below the Antoaneta score
→ 1 - 0.668 = 0.9332
Test score 0.9332, meaning that the score is 9.3% higher than Antoaneta’s.
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Across
1. A volcano surrounded by tall,
cone-shaped mountain made out of
lava, ash, and pyroclasic rock.
3. Piles of hardened lava
surrounding an underwater volcanic
eruption.
5. Large boulder like chunks of
cooled lava that is shot up in the air
during an eruption.
8. A pit in the ground left by a
collapsed volcano.
9. Small pieces of lava.
12. Pools of water warmed by hot
rocks beneath ground.
14. Rock formed from materials
deposited at the bottom of a body of
water.
17. Glassy strains of harden
volcanic material.
18. The independently moving pieces
of the Earth's crust.
19. Fields of hardened lava in
smooth, rope like strands.
20. A volcano surrounded by gently
sloping hills in a circular or
fan-shaped pattern.
Down
2. A volcano surrounded by a small
Icone of volcanic rock.
4. Magma that has risen to the
surface of the Earth.
Composite volcanoes have steep sides, are towering, and may reach heights of up to 10,000 feet. They are constructed from alternating layers of cinders, volcanic ash, and lava flows.
What kind of volcano is a composite volcano?Large volcanoes (tens of thousands of feet or meters tall) that are made up mostly of lava flows, pyroclastic deposits, mudflow (lahar) deposits, and lava domes are known as composite cones. Composite volcanoes frequently erupt during extended epochs (tens to hundreds of thousands of years).
What features distinguish a composite volcano?Composite volcanoes have steep sides, are towering, and may reach heights of up to 10,000 feet. They are constructed from alternating layers of cinders, volcanic ash, and lava flows. the Japanese volcano Mount Fuji, the Californian Mount Shasta, and the American Mount
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1. Why do some genetic mutations lead to completely nonfunctional proteins while others do not affect the functioning of the resulting protein at all?
The type of genetic mutation is responsible for the nonfunctional or functioning of the respective proteins. Most nonsense mutations result in nonfunctional proteins.
What is a genetic mutation?A genetic mutation may be defined as the process of an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA. It can result from DNA copying mistakes made during cell division, exposure to ionizing agents like UV radiations, etc.
Nonsense mutations occur when a premature nonsense or stop codon is introduced in the DNA sequence. When the mutated sequence is translated into a protein, the resulting protein is incomplete and shorter than normal.
Gene variants prevent one or more proteins from working properly. By changing a gene's instructions for making a protein, a variant can cause a protein to malfunction or not be produced at all.
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