Protein synthesis consumes four high-energy phosphate bonds per added amino acid. Transcription consumes two high energy phosphate bonds per added nucleotide. Calculate how many protein molecules will have been made from an individual mRNA at the point when the energy cost of translation is equal to the energy cost of transcription. Assume that the nucleotides in the coding portion of the mRNA constitute 5% of the total that are transcribed.
Answer:
30 protein molecules per mRNA molecule
Explanation:
In this problem, it is necessary to have into account that the transcriptional process requires six (6) phosphate bonds to synthesize one (1) codon (i.e, each three nucleotides), and also discards 95% more energy to make mRNA, it means 19 times this amount of energy >> 6 x 19 = 114 bonds. In consequence, transcription requires 120 phosphate bonds (6 + 114 = 120), while translation requires four (4) phosphate bonds per codon. From this deduction, it is possible to find the number of protein molecules synthesized with regard to the energy cost of the translation process and the transcriptional process >>> 120 bonds (transcription) /4 bonds (translation) = 30 protein molecules.
You have engineered a protein that contains a nuclear localization signal, a nuclear export signal, a C-terminal peroxisomal targeting signal, and an import signal for the endoplasmic reticulum. with all of these signal sequences, where would you expect to find the protein after its synthesis?
Answer:
The correct answer is - Endoplasmic reticulum
Explanation:
In this case, the N-terminal endoplasmic reticulum signal sequence of the engineered protein is recognized primarily. This signal is used to target the particular protein co-translationally, to the endoplasmic reticulum for post-translational modifications or changes.
Such post-modifications are glycosylation that taken place in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Other than Glycosylation Protein phosphorylation , Sumoylation and Ubiquitination, are other changes or modifications.
The image shows a cell placed in an aquatic environment. Using your
knowledge of water tonicity, what type of environment was the cell placed
in, and what effect will this have on the cell?
The environment outside of the cell is hypertonic, and the cell will swell.
The environment outside of the cell is hypertonic, and the cell will shrink.
The environment outside of the cell is hypotonic, and the cell will swell.
The environment outside of the cell is hypotonic, and the cell will shrink.
Answer:
the water will go out of the cell
Explanation:
Which of the following would be affected when a protein is denatured?
a.) amino groups
b.) primary structure
c.) side chains
d.) tertiary structure
"b" why because primary structure needs protein and if protein denatured,primary structure will affected instantly!
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When a protein is denatured by chemical, heat or other substances, the primary structure remains intact. Hence, the correct answer would be the tertiary structure.
Denaturation of proteins generally causes the breakage of weak bonds on which the folding and the entire protein structure is built. When this happens:
the peptide bonds between the component amino acids remain intact. Hence, the primary structure is conservedthe destruction of other bonds means that the secondary and tertiary structures are affected.Agents that are capable of denaturing proteins include high temperature, changes in acidity/basicity, UV radiation, high concentration of salts, and so on.
The correct answer as to which would be affected when a protein is denatured in this case would, therefore, be the tertiary structure.
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You have been studying two Hippogriff traits as a senior graduation project at Hogwarts (because you are magical), beak size (big beaks, B, are dominant to small beaks, b) and feather color (brown feathers, F, are dominant to white feathers, f). You mate two brown, big-beaked Hippogriffs and obtain the following results: 15 of the baby Griffs are brown and big-beaked; 4 of the baby Griffs are white are big-beaked; and 1 of the baby Griffs is white and small-beaked. What are the genotypes of the parent Hippogriffs
Answer:
BbFf is the genotype of parent Hippogriffs
Explanation:
Given -
Big beaks, B, are dominant to small beaks, b.
Brown feathers, F, are dominant to white feathers, f.
Two brown, big-beaked Hippogriffs are mated to produce 15 brown and big-beaked; 4 white and big-beaked; and 1 white and small-beaked offspring
The genotype of parents is BbFf
The carrying capacity of a biological species in an environment is the maximum population size of the species that the
environment can sustain indefinitely, given the food, habitat, water, and other necessities available in the
environment. A stable population will be
the carrying capacity
A)at; near
B)far above; far below
C) far above; overshoot
D)
far below; the same as
Answer:
A) at; near
A population is most stable at the carrying capacity
The temperature of the earth's surface during different seasons is also affected by
the passage of the sun's rays through the atmosphere.
True
False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
The sun's light rays produce heat which is actually the only reason why we are not living in a block of ice.
Winter is when we are farther from the sun thus it is colder than the summer when we absorb more of the sun's rays.
The statement "the temperature of the earth's surface during different seasons is also affected by the passage of the sun's rays through the atmosphere" is definitely true.
What is an Atmosphere?An atmosphere may be characterized as a type of layer that significantly consists of a mixture of numerous gases that surrounds any celestial body or planet like the earth, mars, etc. The atmosphere of the earth is composed of about 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and one percent other gases.
The rays of the sun typically produce a significant amount of heat. Due to this, we are not living in a block of ice and get a source of energy directly from the sun.
During winter, the sun is farther from the surface of the sun, so we receive less amount or indirect light but in summer, we absorb more of the sun's rays. Due to this, the temperature increases and we feel extremely hot outside.
Therefore, the statement "the temperature of the earth's surface during different seasons is also affected by the passage of the sun's rays through the atmosphere" is definitely true.
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The introduction of Caulerpa, also known as killer algae, into California was ultimately the result of _______.
a.
hull fouling
b.
the aquarium trade in exotic, nonnative aquatic species
c.
intentional release
d.
an algae farming company
Answer: A
Explanation: Hull Fouling
The introduction of Caulerpa, also known as killer algae, into California was ultimately the result of the aquarium trade in exotic, nonnative aquatic species. The correct option is b.
What is exotic species?Exotic species are those that have been introduced, either intentionally or unintentionally, by humans into an ecosystem where they did not evolve. Such introductions are most likely a natural occurrence.
Endemic species are those that are found only in one region and nowhere else on the planet.
Invasive species have the potential to extirpate native plants and animals, reduce biodiversity, compete with native organisms for limited resources, and alter habitats.
This has the potential to have significant economic consequences as well as fundamental disruptions to the coastal and Great Lakes ecosystems.
Caulerpa, also known as killer algae, was introduced into California as a result of the aquarium trade in exotic, nonnative aquatic species.
Thus, the correct option is b.
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can anyone answer that
Answer:
1. Short-term energy storage
2. Lipids
3. Speed up chemical reactions, support cell's structure
4. Nucleic acids
Explanation:
The image comprising of a tabular representation portrays the four biological molecules, their building blocks and function. The four biological molecules in nature are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.
- Carbohydrates are biological polymers made up of monomers called monosaccharides. They function to store energy in cells for a short period of time. Examples are glucose, starch etc.
- Lipids are formed from monomers called FATTY ACIDS. They function in the long term storage of energy. Examples are phospholipids, fats etc.
- Proteins are formed from monomers called AMINO ACIDS. They provide various functions including speeding up of chemical reactions, provide cellular structure support etc. Examples are haemoglobin, melanin, hormones etc.
- Nucleic acids are polymers of NUCLEOTIDES. They function majorly in the storage of genetic information. Examples are DNA, RNA etc.
the children prepared a juice drink for their food festival by dissolving powdered juice in water what kind of mixture did they form? a. colloid b. suspension c. solution d. saturated solution
The speed with which force is developed by skeletal muscles is determined by the Group of answer choices myosin ATPase isoform. Ca2 ATPase activity. sarcoplasmic calcium concentration.
Answer:
myosin ATPase isoform.
Explanation:
Skeletal muscle is also known as voluntary muscle and it can be defined as a type of muscle connected with the skeleton by tendons, so as to form a mechanical system that enables the movement of the limbs and other body parts with respect to another. Skeletal are found only in vertebrates.
Basically, the length and shortening velocity determines the amount of force a muscle would generated. When a muscle is at its ideal (resting) length, it generates the greatest amount of force while it generates the least amount of force when stretched or shortened with respect to the resting length
The speed with which force is developed by skeletal muscles is determined by the myosin ATPase isoform.
Using the information in this photo, what can MOST LIKELY be learned about the rocks in the illustration?
A)
relative age
B)
absolute age
C)
melting point
D)
average rainfall
Answer:a
Explanation: got it right on usates
Which term indicates that a single gene has two or more alleles present in a population?
A. Genotype
B. Point mutation
C. Polymorphism
D. Pleiotrophy
Genetic polymorphism is the existence of multiple alleles of a single gene.
What are genes?Genes are regions of DNA which code for a particular protein or any other gene product.
Genes can exists as a single copy or as multiple copies.
Alleles are alternate forms of a particular gene.
A single gene that has two or more alleles present in a population is known as genetic polymorphism.
Therefore, multiple alleles of a single gene is known as genetic polymorphism.
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To enter or leave a cell substance must be through
a - microtubules
b - Golgi apparatus
c - the plasma membrane
d - the nucleus
Answer:
d - the nucleus
I hope it helps......
c - the plasma membrane
The plasma membrane is barrier between the outside and the inside of the cell
Many bacteria, including E. coli, are capable of growing under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Some mutations are introduced into an E. coli strain that inactivate several enzymes involved in DNA repair. The mutant strain grows normally when kept in an incubator with a 100% nitrogen gas atmosphere. However, the strain dies when exposed to a normal laboratory atmosphere. Why
Answer:
Due to inability to survive in aerobic condition.
Explanation:
The strain dies when exposed to a normal laboratory atmosphere instead of nitrogen gas atmosphere because the mutation causes change in the capability of the strain to survive in the aerobic conditions. This mutation inactivate several enzymes which is also responsible for their capabilities of surviving under both anaerobic and aerobic environment so that's why the strain dies when exposed to normal atmosphere..
if a skunk has 20 chromosomes in each sperm cell how many chromosomes are in it's haploid cells
Answer:
El 20 Chromesons in el spem muna ceasa.
that you
Simplify the product of (3+ J7/3-17)
found in the previous step.
(3 + 7)(3-7)=
Which is NOT an example of a renewable energy source?
O Coal
O Wind
O Water
O Sun
Please help ASAP
Answer:
coal
Explanation:
wind and water never end so they're renewable and the sun like ofc also never ends
but you can run out of coal
Answer:
Coal
Explanation:
A renewable energy source is a source of energy that is not likely to run out within our lifetimes. The wind will never go away. Neither will the Sun. Although we know that the Sun is going to explode, since it is a star, it is not likely that it will happen in our lifetimes. Water is also not likely to run out completely within our lifetimes. However, coal on the other hand will run out some day; it takes millions of years to make coal, and people are using it faster than it can replenish itself.
A good way to remember which energy source is renewable and which is not is to look at how much it pollutes. Fossil Fuels such as Coal, Oil, and Natural Gas pollute a lot, and they are all nonrenewable energy sources. On the other hand, clean energy sources such as solar power, hydropower (water power), and wind power do not pollute as much, and they are all renewable resources. (Please note that this relationship is not causation, but rather correlation. The amount of pollution an energy source emits does not cause it's renewability.)
I hope this helps!
Pyruvic acid passes through two
of the
and into the
Explanation:
I don't know
in drosophila melanogaster, the common fruit fly, curved wings "I" and purple eyes "r" are two linked recessive genes found on chromosomes 2. The dominant wild type alleles for those genes are long wings"L" and red eyes "R"
a)describe the expected ratio of offspring in the f2 generation of these genes were located on different chromosomes
b)the results in the f2 generation of these flies were: 40 long winged, red eyes; 40 curved winged, red eyes; 10 long winged, purple eyes, and 10 curved winged, red eyed. how many map units apart are the genes for curved wings and purple eye color?
Answer:
the other person is right, he had messed up before saying that 60 x 40 = 100, but 60 + 40 = 100. Then I had told him that his answer was wrong and that he should put the answer as 240 instead since 60 x 40 = 240 and not 100.
Explanation:
The expected ratio of offspring in the f2 generation of these genes were located on different chromosomes is 25%
What are chromosomes?A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells the most important of these proteins are the histones.
Chromosomes allow DNA to be accurately copied during these cell divisions. So one more time. Chromosomes are found in the nuclei of our cells and allow DNA to be accurately copied during cell division.
Chromosomes are thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells. Each chromosome is made of protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
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40 BRAINLEY
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
Linnaeus based one of his classification categories on plants. He even named the Kingdom Plantae. Which best describes the organisms in this kingdom?
A. They are autotrophic and have eukaryotic cells
B. They are made of prokaryotic cells
C. They are multicellular and do not have cell walls
D. They are always single celled and produce their own food
Answer:
b
Explanation:
all plants are make of prokaryotic cells.
(iv) Measles. Mumps, Diphtheria Polio odd one
Answer:
polio
Explanation:
please mark me as brainliest
Which one of the following plate tectonic settings would have mountains without active volcanoes?
a. ocean-continent
b. continent-continent
c. ocean-ocean
Explanation:
continent----continent
true or false with reason :- partner firm is a non trading concern
Answer:
True
Explanation:
A partnership firm can be said to be a trading business with a maximum limit of ten partners involved in the purchase and sale of goods and services.
The microtubules that form in prophase and control the chromatids are called___
A type of tissue called _______ tissue is responsible for communicating between the brain and the rest of the body
Answer:
Nervous tissue is responsible for communicating between the brain and the rest of the body
Answer:
A nerve/nervous tissue
Explanation:
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Exam Instructions
Question 13 of 20 :
Select the best answer for the question
13. What molecular cloning tool do bacteria naturally produce to defend against viral infections?
O A. DNA ligase
O B. Restriction enzymes
O C. Antibiotics
O D. PCR
Mark for review (Will be highlighted on the review page)
Si
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о
Answer:
O B. Restriction enzymes
Explanation:
Restriction enzymes has the ability to recognize specific DNA sequences and cut them in a specific manner in order to produced by the bacteria as a defense mechanism against foreign DNA containing substance such as viruses etc. This restriction enzyme is also called restriction endonucleases. This is a cloning tool that bacteria produced naturally in order to defend itself from the infection of virus.
What best describes the structure of dna
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A double helix. It best describes the structure of a DNA molecule. Moreover, the DNA is not a single stranded and it does not comprise amino acids
where does peristalsis first occur in the digestive tract?
esophagus
liver
large intestine
small intestine
Answer:
peristalsis first occur in oesophagus
so, option A is correct