calculate the free energy change for this reaction at 25 °c. is the reaction spontaneous? (assume that all reactants and products are in their standard

You can use mass percent composition as a conversion factor between grams of a constituent element and grams of the compound. The conversion factor in each mass percent composition are (a) 11.19 g H‚ 100 g H₂O (b) 53.29 g O‚100 g fructose (c) 84.12 g C‚100 g octane (d) 52.14 g C‚100 g ethanol

The percent by mass of each element present in a compound is called Mass Percent.

(a) Water is 11.19% hydrogen by mass.

Here it is given mass of hydrogen is 11.19 %. That means 11.19 % of solute should be added in 100 g H₂O.

(b) Fructose, also known as fruit sugar, is 53.29% oxygen by mass.

Here it is given mass of oxygen is 53.29 %. That means in 53.29% of solute should be added in 100 g fructose.

(c) Octane, a component of gasoline, is 84.12% carbon by mass.

Here it is given mass of carbon is 84.12 %. That means in 84.29% of solute should be added in 100 g Octane.

(d) Ethanol, the alcohol in alcoholic beverages, is 52.14% carbon by mass.

Here it is given mass of carbon is 52.14 %. That means in 52.14% of solute should be added in 100 g Ethanol.

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that You can use mass percent composition as a conversion factor between grams of a constituent element and grams of the compound. The conversion factor in each mass percent composition are (a) 11.19 g H‚100 g H2O (b) 53.29 g O‚100 g fructose (c) 84.12 g C‚100 g octane (d) 52.14 g C‚100 g ethanol

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Question: You can use mass percent composition as a conversion factor between grams of a constituent element and grams of the compound. Write the conversion factor (including units) inherent in each mass percent composition.

(a) Water is 11.19% hydrogen by mass.

(b) Fructose, also known as fruit sugar, is 53.29% oxygen by mass.

(c) Octane, a component of gasoline, is 84.12% carbon by mass.

(d) Ethanol, the alcohol in alcoholic beverages, is 52.14% carbon by mass.

Answer:

2.2 x 10⁻³⁴ J

      or

2.2 x 10⁻¹⁸ J

Explanation:

You can calculate the energy using the photon energy equation:

E = hc / λ

In this equation,

-----> E = energy (J)

-----> h = Planck's Constant (6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ J*s)

-----> c = speed of light (3.0 x 10⁸ m/s)

-----> λ = wavelength (m)

You can plug the given wavelength, along with the other constants, into the equation and simplify to find the energy.

E = hc / λ

E = (6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ J*s)(3.0 x 10⁸ m/s) / (9 x 10⁸ m)

E = 2.2 x 10⁻³⁴ J

I suspect that you may have forgotten the negative sign in front of the 8 (9 x 10⁻⁸). This would change your answer to 2.2 x 10⁻¹⁸ J.

Nitrogen is an essential part of proteins and nucleic acids (DNA).

All living things require nitrogen. It is a part of proteins, ATP, chlorophyll, DNA, and RNA. Given that it makes up a significant portion of the structures of biomolecules in living organisms, its synthesis and consumption in the biogeochemical cycle are of highest importance. Proteins are made up of amino acids (NH2 group).

The structural development of living species' genetic material (DNA, RNA) also involves nitrogen. It is a part of the nitrogenous bases, which together with other nucleotides create RNA and DNA.

Therefore, a nitrogen deficit can cause major structural issues for such an organism.

A number of undesirable consequences can result from the nitrogen cycle being disrupted. For instance, an abundance of nitrogen in aquatic systems leads to eutrophication. Acid rain can be caused by a rise in atmospheric nitrogen.

The majority of ecosystems can tolerate low nitrogen levels since the majority of nitrogen is not biologically accessible in nature. Ecosystems become out of balance when humans significantly increase the quantity of nitrogen that is accessible through fertilizers, fertilizer use, and other means.

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The molar mass of the compound:

If the solution has an osmotic pressure of 8.44 torr, then the molar mass of the unknown non-electrolyte is 223.14 g.

What is osmosis?

Therefore,

π[tex]V=inRT[/tex]  ( for electrolytes)

Where,   π= Osmotic pressure

i = Van 't Hoff factor

n= moles

R= Gaseous constant = 62.363577 L torr [tex]mol^{-1}K^{-1}[/tex]

T= Temperature

V= Volume of solution

Given:

T= 298K

V= 150 mL= 0.150 L

Given mass of unknown electrolyte= 15.2 mg = 15.2 x  [tex]10^{-3}[/tex] g

Osmotic pressure= 8.44 torr

Molar mass= ?

For non-electrolytes:

πV = n RT

πV=[tex]\frac{m}{M}[/tex]RT

Calculations:

Putting the given values in the formula:

8.44 x 0.150 =15.2 x [tex]10^{-3}[/tex]/ M x 62.36 x 298

1.266 = 282.5/M

M = 282.5/1.266

M = 223.14 g

Therefore,

The molar mass of the unknown non-electrolyte is 223.14g.

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An atom is a particle of matter that uniquely defines a chemical

element. An atom consists of a central nucleus that is usually surrounded by one or more electrons. Each electron is negatively charged. The nucleus is positively charged, and contains one or more relatively heavy particles known as protons and neutrons.

The correct option is D. H2O.

For the combustion of ethane (C2H6); the chemical equation is;

2 C2H6 + 7 O2 --> 4 CO2 + 6 H2O.

All hydrocarbons go through combustion processes, and the only byproducts are water (H2O) & carbon dioxide (CO2).

Any of a group of organic molecules with only the atoms carbon (C) & hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons (H). The hydrogen atoms bind to the carbon atoms in a variety of ways to create the compound's structural framework. chemical mixture.

The classification of hydrocarbons are done by-

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The complete question is -

Given the incomplete equation for the combustion of ethane (C2H6): 2 C2H6 + 7 O2 --> 4 CO2 + 6 ___

Group of answer choices:

A. H2O2

B. HCOOH

C. CH3OH

D. H2O

A covalent bond is the exact number of bonded pairs of electrons in a compound

One electron is added by each atom to a pair of shared electrons in a single bond. While double bonds share only one pair of electrons, triple bonds share three pairs. Bonds with multiple covalent bonds exchange several electron pairs

Covalent bonding happens when atoms share electron pairs. Atoms join together through covalent bonds to form a full electron shell, which boosts stability. By sharing their outermost (valence) electrons, atoms can fill out their outer electron shell and become stable. Nonmetals will swiftly create covalent bonds with other nonmetals in order to achieve stability.

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If ethene and hydrogen reacts successfully in a solution containing a chunk of solid palladium, the original alkene will become unsaturated.

The term hydrogenation is used in chemistry to describe that addition of hydrogen to an unsaturated compound. Recall that ethene is an un saturated compound (alkene) and one of the reactions that an unsaturated compound can undergo is the addition of atoms or group across the double bond to yield adducts.

In this case, the adduct is a compound that is saturated ad will not have the same properties as ethene because the carbon carbon double bond that was characteristic of ethene has been replaced by a carbon carbon single bond.

Thus,  if ethene and hydrogen reacts successfully in a solution containing a chunk of solid palladium, the original alkene will become unsaturated.

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Answer: The answer is fatty acids and triglycerides

Explanation:

Since volume and temperature are constant, this means that pressure and number of moles are directly proportional. the sample with the largest number of moles will have the high pressure.

Since, the ideal gas equation is also called ideal gas law. So,  according to ideal gas equations,

PV = nRT

At constant volume and temperature the equation become ,

P ∝ nR

since, R is also constant. So, conclusion of the final equation is

P  ∝ n

The number of moles and pressure of the sample is directly proportion. So, on increasing number of moles in the sample , pressure of the sample also increases.

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There is 0.0600moles of MgCl2 in 60.0ml of 0.100M MgCl2 solution.

Explanation:

First we need to determine the number of moles of MgCl2 in 60.0L of solution.

After determining the number of moles,now multiply moles of MgCl2 by its Molar mass i.e (95.205g/mol)

We know Molarity= mol of solute/L solution

∴ 0.10 M MgCl2 = 0.10mol MgCl2/L

Step1:

First convert 60.0ml to litres.

1L=1000mL

60.0mL×1L/1000mL=0.0600L

Step2:

To determine moles of MgCl2, multiply 0.0600 L by the molarity of the solution

0.0600L×0.10mL/1L=0.0600mol MgCl2

∴ 0.0600moles of MgCl2 are present in 60.0mL of 0.100M MgCl2 solution.

Relative molar mass is defined as the smallest mass unit of a compound with one twelfth of the mass of one carbon – 12 atom.

In a substance, the amount of entities present for e.g. atoms, molecules, ions, is defined as a mole. A mole of any substance is 6.022×1023 molecules. Just as we take a standard value to calculate different things e.g. 1 dozen =12 items similarly we use the mole to calculate the size of the smallest entities quantitatively.

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Molarity of a solution is defined as the number of moles of the solute dissolved per litre of the solution. I is represented as \textbf{`M`}. Thus a solution, which contains one gram mole of the the solution dissolved per litre* of the solution is regarded as molarity.

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Answer:

0.409 L

Explanation:

Because you are dealing with volume and temperature, you need to use the Charles' Law equation:

V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂

In this equation, "V₁" and "T₁" represent the initial volume and temperature. "V₂" and "T₂" represent the final volume and temperature.

V₁ = 5.18 L                            V₂ = ? L

T₁ = 76.0 °C                          T₂ = 6.0 °C

V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂                                           <----- Charles' Law equation

5.18 L / 76.0 °C = V₂ / 6.0 °C                     <----- Insert values

0.06815789 = V₂ / 6.0 °C                          <----- Simplify left side

0.409 L = V₂                                              <----- Multiply both sides by 6.0

Answer:

111600 moles

Explanation:

Number of moles= Mass ×Mr, where Mr is the relative molecular mass of the substance of interest. Note that the mass is calculated in terms of grams (1 kg= 1000 g), while the Mr can be found using the periodic table.

Mass of iron

= 2 kg

= 2(1000)

= 2000 g

Mr of iron= 55.8

Number of moles

= 2000(55.8)

= 111600 mol

Additional:

To learn more about stoichiometry, do check out the following!

Nitrogen gas is formed in this reaction.

Atomic number 7 and the letter N designate nitrogen as the chemical element. Group 15 of the periodic table, often known as the pnictogens, contains nitrogen as the lightest nonmetal element. It ranks eighth in overall abundance in the Milky Way and the Solar System, making it a common element in the cosmos. Two of the element's atoms combine to create the colorless and odorless diatomic gas N2 at standard temperature and pressure. The most common element that isn't mixed, N2 makes up around 78 percent of the Earth's atmosphere. All living things contain nitrogen, which is mostly found in amino acids (and thus proteins), nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), and the energy-transfer molecule adenosine triphosphate.

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Answer:

Pb(NO3)2 + 2NaCl = 2NaNO3 + PbCl2

The percent yield of CO₂ is 93.3%.

The percent yield of a substance is given as follows:

The equation of the reaction is used to determine the theoretical yield.

Moe ratio of sodium bicarbonate and CO₂ is 1 : 1.

Given that sodium bicarbonate is the limiting reactant, the theoretical yield of CO₂ will be:

Moles of NaHCO₃ reacting = 2.01/84 = 0.0239 moles

Theoretical yield of CO₂ = 0.0239 moles * 22.4L/mol = 0.536 L

Actual yield = 0.50 L

Percent yield = 0.50/0.536 * 100%

Percent yield = 93.3%

In conclusion, the percent yield is the ratio of the actual yield and theoretical yield.

Note that the complete question is given below:

Calculate your % yield of co2 in the reaction based on the grams of nahco3 being the limiting reagent in the reaction between 2.01 g of sodium bicarbonate and 24.6 mL of 1.5 M acetic acid? They produce 0.50 L of at s.t.p.

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The amino acid residue present in the specificity pocket allows trypsin to bind to peptides containing arg or lys will be "Asp".

Chymotrypsin breaks down peptide bonds following side chains with a lot of mass or fragrance, like those found in the amino acids phenylalanine as well as tyrosine. The substrate-binding site, also known as the specificity pocket, contains deep and features hydrophobic side chains.

A medium-sized globular protein called trypsin, also known as serine protease 1, serves as a pancreatic serine protease. This enzyme breaks down peptides on the C-terminal portion of the amino acid sequences lysine as well as arginine to hydrolyze bonds.

Therefore, the amino acid residue present in the specificity pocket allows trypsin to bind to peptides containing arg or lys will be "Asp".

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Functional groups include hydroxyl, methyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, and sulfhydryl.

Regardless of the other atoms in a molecule, functional groups are particular groupings of atoms within molecules that have their own distinctive capabilities.

The prefixes di, tri, and tetra are applied when there are several substituents. Function-specific groups contain identifying suffixes. For instance, the parent chain name of alcohols has the suffix "ol" and a number indicating the location of the hydroxyl group. One is used to identify ketones.

If a compound has multiple functional groups, the highest priority functional group will be considered the "parent structure" and will define the "parent name"; the remaining functional groups will be considered the "substituents." The name of the parent structure is denoted by the "suffix," and the substituent is denoted by the "prefix."

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Answer:

Exothermic

Explanation:

Reactions which are endothermic require heat. Reactions which are exothermic release heat as a product. Therefore, since heat is a product in this reaction (58.4 kJ), it is exothermic.

Remember,

reactants ---> products

Answer:

There is 1 significant figure

Explanation:

In the number 1000, 1 is the only number that counts as a significant figure since the zeros are not in between two non-zero numbers, and there isn't a decimal place either.

When placed in water, acids, bases, and salts dissociate (separate) into electrolytes (ions). Salts dissociate into a cation (that is not H+) and an anion (that is not OH-), whereas acids and bases dissociate into H+ and an anion. An acid separates into anions and hydrogen ions (H+). Strong acids produce a high concentration of H+ by dissociating every single one of their molecules . Water-based solutions,

Acid:

When a material or chemical is in solution, it releases hydrogen ions (H+), which are known as acids. All hydrogen ions (H+) and chloride ions (Cl-), which are normally bound together by ionic bonding, dissociate (separate) in water when exposed to a strong acid like hydrochloric acid (HCl). Only some ions disintegrate into hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) in a weak acid like carbonic acid (H2CO3), while others are still bound together by ionic bonds.

Define base?

A base is a chemical that, when in solution, emits hydroxyl ions -{OH). We can also define a base as a substance that releases hydroxyl ions (OH-), which mix with any hydrogen ions (H+) in the solution to generate water molecules (OH- + H+ = H2O).

Therefore, a substance that receives or accepts hydrogen ions (H+) that are already present in the solution qualifies as a base.

Because it totally dissociates into sodium ions (Na+) and hydroxyl ions (OH-) when placed in water, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which is a strong base, is now liberated and dissolves in water.

c

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Oxidizing acids, such as nitric acid, can explode when mixed with what type of incompatible chemicals like alcohol, or charcoal.

An oxidizing acid is a Brønsted acid that is a strong oxidizing agent. most Brønsted acids can act as oxidizing agents because the acidic proton can be reduced to hydrogen gas. a few acids include other structures that act as stronger oxidizing agents than hydrogen ions.

Oxidizing acids include concentrated perchloric acid, nitric acid, iodic acid, chromic acid, and the glass cleansing mixture of chromium trioxide and sulfuric acid.

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For the reaction Cl₂(aq) + 2 Br⁻(aq) ⇒ 2Cl⁻(aq) + Br₂(aq), Chlorine (Cl) is the oxidizing agent because it gains an electron.

In a redox reaction, the oxidizing agent is the one that gains electrons, causing the other element to oxidize.

Let's consider the following redox reaction.

Cl₂(aq) + 2 Br⁻(aq) ⇒ 2Cl⁻(aq) + Br₂(aq)

The corresponding half-reactions are:

Reduction: 2 e- + Cl₂(aq) ⇒ 2Cl⁻(aq)

Oxidation: 2 Br⁻(aq) ⇒ Br₂(aq) + 2 e-

Which best describes the oxidizing agent in this reaction?

For the reaction Cl₂(aq) + 2 Br⁻(aq) ⇒ 2Cl⁻(aq) + Br₂(aq), Chlorine (Cl) is the oxidizing agent because it gains an electron.

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Answer:

C: Chlorine (Cl) is the oxidizing agent because it gains an electron.

Explanation:

The product which is used in a pedicure bath to cleanse and soften the skin is foot soak

Skin pedicure is a special and cosmetic treatment of the body's skin including the feet and toenails, analogous to a manicure.

So therefore, the product which is used in a pedicure bath to cleanse and soften the skin is foot soak

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Empirical formula and Molecular formula:

Vanillin has the empirical formula C₈H₈O₃ and the molecular formula  C₈H₈O₃, they both are same.

What is Vanillin?

C, H, and O are present in this compound,

Mass percent composition = Divide by their atomic mass

C = 63.15/12.0107 = 5.2578

H = 5.30/1.0079 = 5.2582

O = 31.55/16 = 1.9719  

Thus, the ratio of

carbon         :   hydrogen        :  oxygen

5.257811784 : 5.258249499 : 1.97199825

division of all numbers by the smallest we get,

2.666235523 : 2.666457488 : 1

further dividing it by 3 we get,

7.998706568 : 7.999372463 : 3

thus the ratio becomes 8:8:3

Therefore, the empirical formula is C₈H₈O₃

Empirical formula mass = (12x8) + (1x8) + (16x3)

                                       = 96 + 8 + 48

                                       = 152

n = Molecular mass of Vanillin/ Empirical formula mass

  = 152.15/152

  = 1.0009  

Since the n-value is near to 1 thus the molecular formula will also be the same.

Therefore the molecular formula = C₈H₈O₃

Note: Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was Vanillin the flavoring agent in vanilla has a mass percent composition of 63.15 per h ,31.55per o and 5.30%H. determine the empirical formula and molecular formula if molecular mass of vanillin is 152.15 g/mol

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Taking into account the definition of percentage composition, the percent composition of potassium iodide in this sample is 0.017%.

The Percentage Composition is a measure of the amount of mass that an element occupies in a compound and indicates the percentage by mass of each element that is part of a compound.

To calculate the percentage of composition, it is necessary to know the mass of the element in a known mass of the compound.

In this case, you know that a 0.51 kg (or 510000 mg, being 1 kg= 1000000 mg) solution contains 87 mg of potassium iodide.

Dividing the mass amount of potassium iodide present in the compound by the mass of the sample and multiplying it by 100 to obtain a percentage value, the percentage composition of potassium iodide is obtained:

[tex]percentage composition of potassium iodide=\frac{87 mg}{510000 mg} x100[/tex]

percentage composition of potassium iodide= 0.017%

Finally, the percent composition of potassium iodide in this sample is 0.017%.

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The decimal place value of these instrument must be recorded as (i) our meter scale = 1 (ii) our quadruple beam scale = 0.001 (iii) a 100 mL cylinder = 1 (iv) a 1 L cylinder = 0.001.

Meter stick which is used to measure the length especially used in the construction industry. The meter stick is 1 meter long. The metric unit for length is meter.

This is the instrument which is used to measure the mass very precisely. In quadruple beam scale the reading error is 0.001.

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that The decimal place value of these instrument must be recorded as (i) our meter scale = 1 (ii) our quadruple beam scale = 0.001 (iii) a 100 mL cylinder = 1 (iv) a 1 L cylinder = 0.001.

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Question: Match the instrument described below with the decimal place of the value to which this instrument must be recorded. ( 1 , 0.01 , 0.001 , 0.1 , 10 choose)

our meter stick =

our quadruple beam scale =

a 100 ml cylinder=

a 1 L cylinder=

Answer:

Point B

Explanation:

From 0 - 7 on the pH scale, substances are said to be acidic. At 7, the substance is said to be neutral. From 7 - 14, substances are basic.

Lime is a basic substance. Therefore, when it is added to the soil, one should expect that the soil becomes more basic. On the graph, this should be represented by the line increasing in pH. As such, the point at which lime was added was most likely Point B.

Answer:

2.17 moles

Explanation:

50 gm / 22.99 g / mole = 2.17 moles

Answer:

2.17

Explanation: