A method other than infected persons from parent(s) to child for transferring genetic material by one species to another.
In biology, what exactly is a homologous?Possessing the same conventional arrangement and position. In biology, the term "homologous" can refer to two different anatomical features or behavioral characteristics that developed from a component or characteristic of their shared ancestor organism.
In anatomy, what does the term homologous mean?Identical anatomical traits in an organism's body parts, known as homologous structures, point to a shared evolutionary progenitor or developmental origin. Despite the fact that they could have a similar attribute, their functions are not always the same. Humans and bats both have homologous anatomy for their forelimbs, for instance.
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Which of the following is NOT an example of communication that happens from one neuron to another neuron?A. Endocrine signaling (ex. hormones secreted into the blood stream travel and bind to receptors on distant cells) B. Retrograde neurotransmission (ex. the dendrite releases a neuroactive substance that binds to receptors on the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron)C. Electrical communication via propagation of action potential from one node of ranvier to the next node of ranvier D. Volume transmission (ex. neuropeptides diffuse away from the synapse and bind to receptors on adjacent cells) E. Electrical communication through gap junctions
The option is A; Endocrine signaling (ex. hormones secreted into the blood stream travel and bind to receptors on distant cells) .
Hormones produced into extracellular fluid disperse into the blood or lymph, where they can travel long distances throughout the body. Lipid-derived (soluble) hormones, such as steroid hormones, permeate through endocrine cell membranes.
They attach to transport proteins as they leave the cell, keeping them soluble in the circulation. Hormones search for target cells throughout the body, either in the bloodstream or in the fluid surrounding them. When hormones attach to particular protein receptors within or on the surface of a target cell, they precisely affect the cell's actions.
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What is the single word (terminology) for the behavior of mast cells
Answer:
degranulation
Explanation:
The single word for the behavior of mast cells is "degranulation."
DESCRIBE THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN HEAT AND TEMPERATURE.
Answer:
The heat of an object is the total energy of all the molecular motion inside that object. Temperature is the measure of the thermal energy or average heat of the molecules in a substance. It's a measure of the number of atoms multiplied by the energy possessed by each atom.
michael recently suffered a stroke to his . now he is unable to perceive accurately the emotions of others. please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices somatosensory cortex right hemisphere corpus callosum left hemisphere
Michael recently had a stroke to his right hemisphere, which has left him unable to accurately read other people's emotions.
The right hemisphere plays a special role in the spatial localization of stimuli.
This effect has been demonstrated for both visual and auditory stimuli. With regard to determination of spatial orientation of objects in space, the most severe deficits have been noted after posterior right hemisphere damage.
Short-term spatial memory (a skill analogous to the auditory short-term memory task of digit span) is a dominant function of the posterior right hemisphere. Auditory localization of sounds in space also depends on an intact posterior right hemisphere.
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these cells are the mitotic products of germ cells. select the best answer from the following choices select answer select the best answer from the following choices select answer
The cells that are mitotic products of germ cells are haploid cells or gametes.
Germ cells undergo meiosis, a process that produces haploid cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. These haploid cells then undergo mitosis to form gametes such as sperm and egg cells. Therefore, the mitotic products of germ cells are haploid cells or gametes, which are essential for sexual reproduction. "these cells are the mitotic products of germ cells," the best answer would be haploid cells or gametes. These haploid cells then undergo mitosis to form gametes such as sperm and egg cells. Therefore, the mitotic products of germ cells are haploid cells or gametes, which are essential for sexual reproduction.
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The process of natural transformation was first discovered with experiments involving the gram positive bacterium streptococcus pneumonia. Which of the following statements is true about transformation of S. Pneumoniae?
DNA fragments must bind to cell surface receptors prior to uptake
Transformation can be used to produce genetically engineered organisms
The transformation of S. pneumoniae demonstrates that DNA fragments must attach to cell surface receptors before absorption.
The transformation of S. pneumoniae demonstrates that DNA fragments must attach to cell surface receptors before absorption.
Genetic recombination occurs as a result of the bacteria absorbing environmental DNA and incorporating it into its genome during the natural transformation process. Prior to being taken up by the cell in S. pneumoniae, DNA fragments must first connect to particular cell surface receptors.
To imply that transformation may create genetically engineered organisms in the sense of contemporary genetic engineering techniques, which often include the intentional insertion of particular genes into an organism's genome, is not accurate. Genetic variety and adaptation can come from the naturally occurring process of natural transformation within populations of bacteria, but it does not involve the deliberate manipulation of an organism's genome for specific purposes.
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fill in the blank. all cells in the body maintain a potential difference in voltage across their membrane, called the___, in which the inside of the cell is negatively charged in comparison to the outside of the cell.
All cells in the body maintain a potential difference in voltage across their membrane, called the "membrane potential", in which the inside of the cell is negatively charged in comparison to the outside of the cell.
The cell membrane acts as a selectively permeable barrier that separates the inside of the cell from its external environment.
The membrane potential is a difference in electrical charge that exists across the cell membrane, where the inside of the cell is more negatively charged than the outside. This difference in charge is primarily maintained by the movement of ions across the cell membrane, where positively charged ions (such as sodium ions) move into the cell, and negatively charged ions (such as chloride ions) move out of the cell.
This movement of ions is often driven by concentration gradients and membrane pumps that actively transport ions against their concentration gradient. The membrane potential is important for many cellular processes, such as the generation of action potentials in nerve cells and the transport of molecules across the cell membrane.
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Evaluate the following staining procedures and identifying characteristics and match them to the correct bacterial cell Bacterial Cell Stain Appearance Acid-fast stain Klebsiella pneumoniae Capsule stain Purple cells in chains Gram stain Escherichia coli Pink individual rods Flagella stain Mycobacterium tuberculosis Fuchsia, clumped cells Streptococcus pyogenes Gram stain Rods with tufts of flagella Bacillus brevis Clear halo around cells
After evaluating the staining procedures and identifying characteristics and match them to the correct bacterial cell -Bacterial Cell, Stain and appearance for bacterial cells is as follows:
Klebsiella pneumoniae stains capsule stain and is a clear halo in appearance around the cells.
Escherichia coli gives gram stains with pink individual rods. Mycobacterium tuberculosis gives acid-fast stain and is Fuchsia, clumed cells in appearance.
Streptococcus pyogenes gives gram stain and is purple cells in chains. Bacillus brevis gives flagella stain and is rods with tufts of flagella in appearence.
Most types of cells do not have much natural pigment and are they are difficult to see under a light microscope unless they are stained. There are several different types of stains which are used to make bacterial cells more visible.
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all of the factors below are used to describe microbial colonies, except question 8 options: form color elevation margin all are used to describe colonies.
Option A: temperature is not the factor used to describe microbial colonies.
On solid media, bacterium colonize and proliferate. According to the definition of a colony, which is an apparent collection of microorganisms that have all descended from a single mother cell, a colony is a collection of genetically identical bacterium. A bacterial colony is recognized on the basis of their characteristics like shape, size, color, texture, elevation, etc. Hence, temperature does not play a role here.
How an organism grows in or on media plays a significant role in the identification of bacterium and fungi. This task will assist you in recognizing a bacteria's colony morphology, or cultural traits, on an agar plate. Colony morphology can be crucial for identifying the bacterium, even though initially it may not seem to be important. It could be possible to identify the bacterium using characteristics of the colonies. Bacterial species can create colonies that are quite distinct from one another.
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Complete question is:
All of the factors below are used to describe microbial colonies, except:
temperature
hemolysis
color
elevation
Which one of the following factors in NOT a cause of slowed population growth during stage 3?
Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
Answer choices
decrease in desired fertility
more opportunities for women
increased infant mortality
improved health care
The other factors listed, such as a decrease in desired fertility, more opportunities for women, and improved health care, can all contribute to a decrease in population growth rates during stage 3 of the demographic transition.
What is Fertility?
Fertility refers to the natural capacity of an individual, a couple or a population to produce offspring. In demography, fertility refers to the number of live births that occur in a given population over a certain period of time, usually expressed as a rate such as the crude birth rate or the total fertility rate.
Fertility can be influenced by a variety of factors, including biological factors such as age, health status, and genetics, as well as social, economic, and cultural factors such as education, income, religion, and family values. In general, fertility tends to be higher in societies with lower levels of development and education, and lower in societies with higher levels of development and education.
Increased infant mortality is not a cause of slowed population growth during stage 3. In fact, increased infant mortality can lead to higher population growth rates as parents may have more children to compensate for those who do not survive infancy. The other factors listed, such as a decrease in desired fertility, more opportunities for women, and improved health care, can all contribute to a decrease in population growth rates during stage 3 of the demographic transition.
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the anatomic position refers to the position in which a person is standing upright facing the observer, feet parallel and flat on the floor, and palms facing forward. True/False
The given statement "The anatomic position refers to the position in which a person is standing upright facing the observer, feet parallel and flat on the floor, and palms facing forward. " is true because it is used as a reference while describing the anatomy and the physiology of the body.
The anatomic position is basically used as the visual point of reference whenever we are describing functional as well as the directional terms. The anatomic position basically happens to refer to a person who is standing upright and facing the observer, feet are parallel as well as flat on the floor, and the palms are facing in the forward direction with thumbs being pointing away from the body.
The anatomical position is commonly used while describing the human anatomy as well as physiology when describing certain anatomical terms and even positions. The five regions of the body are the head, the neck, torso, upper extremities, as well as lower extremities.
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please match the device with how it operates. open feedwater heater where heat is transferred from the extracted steam to the feedwater without any mixing between the steam and feedwater taking place closed feedwater heater
True. Closed feedwater heater with an open feedwater heater where heat is transmitted from the extracted steam to the feedwater without the steam and feedwater being mixed.
Without any mixing, heat is transmitted from the extracted steam to the feedwater in a closed feedwater heater. Since they no longer mix, the two streams can now be at separate pressures. Due to their internal tubing network's complexity and cost, closed feedwater heaters are more expensive.
Feedwater is passed through tubes that make up the feedwater heaters. Steam from the turbine heats the water. Since the steam is hotter, it condenses outside the tubes and transfers its latent heat to the feedwater.
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Correct Question:
State true or false : open feedwater heater where heat is transferred from the extracted steam to the feedwater without any mixing between the steam and feedwater taking place closed feedwater heater.
The following pedigree concerns the rare autosomal recessive disease phenylketonuria (PKU}. The couple marked A and B are contemplating having a baby but are concerned about the baby having PKU. What is the probability of the first child having PKU? A. 4 0 B. 1/12 C.16 D.9/64 E.34
The probability that the first kid will have PKU is 1/12. Hence option 'B' is correct.
What is PKU, or phenylketonuria?A rare genetic condition known as phenylketonuria, or PKU, causes the body to accumulate phenylalanine, an amino acid. The 'phenylalanine hydroxylase gene' is altered in PKU. This gene contributes to the production of the enzyme needed to break down phenylalanine.
A lifelong diet with extremely restricted intake of items containing phenylalanine is one of the principal treatments for PKU. Taking a PKU formula, a specialised nutritional supplement, for the rest of your life will ensure that you get the necessary amounts of nutrients and protein for growth and overall health..
1/2chance B is P/p x 2/3 chance A is P/p x 1/4 chance their child is p/p
= 1/2 x 2/3 x 1/4
= 1/12
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'cell-type specific cis-eqtls in eight brain cell-types identifies novel risk genes for human brain disorders" who wrote this?
Eight different types of brain cells were examined, and the results revealed unique risk genes for human brain illnesses. Written by Julien Bryois.
In contrast, "Cell type specific (aggregate)" displays the number of genes that have a different genetic disorders impact in the discovered cell types than the combined genetic impact of all other cell types. "Cell type specific (all)" displays the number of cis-eQTLs that have a different genetic impact for the same SNP-gene pair in all cell types.
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) found 4408 eQTLs, including 2261 nearby and 2147 farther away, that control the expression of 3646 genes. We discovered two remote eQTL hotspots with considerably overrepresented target genes in particular functional categories.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. Near the time of birth, lanugo hair is replaced by _____ hairs which are short, fine, and usually unpigmented, and _____ hairs which are typically long, coarse, and pigmented.
Near the time of birth, lanugo hair is replaced by vellus hairs which are short, fine, and usually unpigmented, and terminal hairs which are typically long, coarse, and pigmented.
What is meant by Lanugo hair?Lanugo hair is a fine, downy hair that grows on the body of a developing fetus in the womb. It is usually shed before birth and replaced by vellus hair, which is the soft, fine hair that covers most of the body surface in humans.
In some cases, however, lanugo hair may persist after birth, particularly in premature infants or in individuals with certain medical conditions. In these cases, the hair may be more noticeable and may require treatment or management.
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A colorblind woman marries a man who is not colorblind. All of their sons, but none of their daughters, are colorblind. Which of the following statements correctly explains these results?The gene for color vision is found on the X chromosome.The gene for color vision is found on the Y chromosome.The gene for color vision is incompletely dominant to the gene for sex determination.The gene for color vision is codominant with the gene for sex determination.
When colorblind woman married a color sighted man. They have no daughters, but all of your sons are colorblind. This same X chromosome is associated with both the gene underlying color vision.
How does a chromosome explain work?A molecule that might be discovered in the nucleus of a cell. Genes are organized into a chromosome from proteins and DNA. Duplicated chromosomes dictate whether you will be a male or a girl when you were born.
What distinguishes DNA from chromosomes?Your DNA, genetics, and chromosome all play a role in who you are. Chromosomes transfer DNA within cells. Genes are parts of human DNA that are responsible for your unique physical characteristics.
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true/false. to understand how cells function as the fundamental unit of life, you must first become familiar with the individual roles of the cellular structures and organelles.
The statement (To understand how cells function as the fundamental unit of life, it is essential to become familiar with the individual roles of the cellular structures and organelles) is true because each organelle and structure have specific functions that work together to maintain the life of the cell.
The smallest unit that is capable of living on its own and that can be found in all living organisms, as well as the tissues of the body, is the cell. The cell membrane, the nucleus, and the cytoplasm are the three primary components that make up a cell. The cell membrane encircles the cell and regulates the passage of chemicals into and out of the cell. It also protects the cell from outside forces.
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What is a karyotype?
Answer:
What is a karyotype?A. a way to test for chromosomal mutations
Explanation:
You're welcome.
We define karyotype as the set of chromosomes contained in the cells of an organism.
Morphologically, these chromosomes are identified, differentiated and classified according to the size and location of the centromere (region of the chromosome intermediate to the symmetrical or asymmetrical, short or long arms).
Classification of chromosomes:
Metacentric → Centromere positioned at the center of the chromosome; Submetacentric → Centromere displaced to one end of the chromosome; Acrocentric → Chromosome bearing a terminal sphere (satellite), located at the end of the short arm; Telocentric → Chromosome formed by only one arm, with strictly terminal centromere.
In order to determine and visualize the karyotype, making it possible to quantify the typical number of chromosomes of a species, it is necessary to interrupt the cell division process at the time of metaphase, the phase in which the chromosomes reach the maximum condensation.
In the human species, the karyotype of a diploid cell, for example, consists of 46 chromosomes, the last sex-defining pair (XX or XY – allosomal pair), differing the male and female gender (man and woman) and the other 22 pairs (autosomal - AA) responsible for decoding the other characteristics.
Thus, we have for a normal karyotype of the human species, the following possible representations:
Male karyotype → 22AA + XY or 46,XY
A woman's karyotype → 22AA + XX or 46,XX
Activity 18 | Analysis Questions.
Gel electrophoresis is used to certify that the foods they manufacture do not contain genetically modified ingredients.
What are the steps of gel electrophoresis?Gel electrophoresis is a method for separation and analysis of biomacromolecules and their fragments, based on their size and charge.
Gel electrophoresis is a laboratory method used to separate mixtures of DNA, RNA, or proteins according to molecular size. In gel electrophoresis, the molecules to be separated are pushed by an electrical field through a gel that contains small pores.
There are several basic steps to performing gel electrophoresis that will be described below; 1) Pouring the gel, 2) Preparing your samples, 3) Loading the gel, 4) Running the gel (exposing it to an electric field) and 5) Staining the gel.
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the parts of the plant that conduct water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves are the
The parts of the plant that conduct water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves are called xylem vessels.
The xylem tissue, which carries water and minerals from the roots to the leaves, is made up of xylem vessels. The xylem vessels, which carry the water and minerals through the stem and into the leaves, are formed when water and minerals enter the root and are absorbed there. Transpiration, which is the mechanism by which water is lost from the leaves through microscopic pores known as stomata, drives the movement of water and minerals in the xylem. This negative pressure action draws water up the plant.
The specialized cells that make up xylem vessels are arranged end to end to form continuous tubes that may move water and minerals across significant distances within the plant.
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The complete question is:
Fill in the blanks,
The parts of the plant that conduct water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves are the ________________.
What provides structure for plants
Answer:
cell walls
Explanation:
Cell walls provide structure for plants. Cell walls are rigid structures that surround plant cells and provide support and protection. They are made of cellulose and other materials and help maintain the shape and structure of the plant. In addition to cell walls, plants also have a variety of specialized tissues and structures that provide support, including stems, roots, and leaves. These structures work together to help the plant maintain its shape and stand upright, even in the face of wind, rain, and other environmental factors.
Which of the following helps the axon segment return to its resting potential after the hyperpolarization phase of an action potential? Na+ voltage gated channels Na/K pump K+ voltage gated channels
After an action potential's hyperpolarization phase, the Na/K pump aids in the axon segment's recovery to its resting potential.
The potassium channel close after hyperpolarization, allowing the neuron to revert to its resting state of -70 mV thanks to its inherent permeability to sodium and potassium. Depolarization, a sudden rise in potential, occurs all-or-nothing in neurons and is brought on by the activation of sodium channels in the cell membrane. Repolarization, the ensuing restoration to the resting potential, is facilitated by the activation of potassium channels. Potassium rushes out from the cell along its electrical potential as a series of voltage-gated ion channel open. The membrane potential is quickly reduced by these occurrences, returning it to its regular resting condition.
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please help
.
Geologic time is organized by _____.
A) the types of fossils found from that time and major events that occurred during that time
B) how many more male dinosaurs were alive than female dinosaurs were at that time
C) how many humans were alive at that time
D) the size of fossils found from that time
Answer:
A) the types of fossils found from that time and major events that occurred during that time
Crime Scene DNA PCR5. Imagine that each allele at the BXP007 locus is found at exactly the same frequency in a population. Since there are 8 possible alleles at the BXP007 locus, what is the frequency of any one allele from this locus in this population? 6. Given Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment and the assumption above, what is the frequency of the genotype of the Crime Scene sample? 7. If you had a pool of 13 suspects, and only one suspect had a genotype that matched the BXP007 locus found at the crime scene, would you be satisfied that you had identified the perpetrator based only on the genotype frequency calculated for the BXP007 locus? Why or why not? Explain your answer.
Given that there were exactly 13 suspects, the chances of two people having the very same genotype is extremely rare (only 1/64 chance).
What is genotype, for instance?The subtype of polymorphism present at a specific site in the genome is scored by a genotype. Symbols can be used to symbolize it. For illustration, BB, Bb, and bb could be employed to denote a certain gene variant.
Which two genotypes are predominant?Homozygous and heterozygous polymorphisms are the two primary subtypes. An organism inherits two distinct gene variants if they have a heterozygous genotype. When an organism inherits two identical copies of a gene, it is said to be homozygous.
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Which of the following best describes how a scientist could accurately study the effects of soil buffering on plant growth in a region that is affected by acid deposition downwind of a coal-burning power plant?
Measure the changes in plant height over a year in two different groups of trees the same distance from the power plant; one group is in topsoil and one group is in topsoil with limestone added.
Limestone, the one independent variable in this study, can naturally buffer the acid in the rain. With the control group, this study would measure the effect of soil buffering on plant growth in a region affected by acid rain.
The best describes how a scientist could accurately study the effects of soil buffering on plant growth in a region that is affected by acid deposition downwind of a coal-burning power plant is measuring the changes in plant height over a year in two different groups of trees the same distance from the power plant; one group is in topsoil and one group is in topsoil with limestone added.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
Аcid rаin is one of the iconic environmentаl problems of the postindustriаl аge. Cаused primаrily by pollution from coаl-burning power plаnts, the deposition of strong аcids in precipitаtion hаs led to degrаdаtion of terrestriаl аnd аquаtic ecosystems аcross eаstern North Аmericа аnd western Europe.
To study the effects of soil buffering on plant growth in a region that is affected by acid deposition downwind of a coal-burning power plant, a scientist must measure the changes in plant height over a year in two different groups of trees the same distance from the power plant; one group is in topsoil and one group is in topsoil with limestone added.
Your options are incomplete, but most probably your full options can be seen in the Attachment.
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Identify what determines the polarity of a chemical bond and summarize the consequences of this property for the solubility and hydrophobicity of a molecule or salt, as well as its ability to act as an acid or base.
In polar solvents, such as water, polar molecules are much more soluble. Hydrophobic nonpolar compounds are insoluble in water. Acidity rises with electronegativity whereas basicity falls.
Who are the hydrophobic groups?When something is hydrophobic, it won't dissolve in water. Hydrophobic compounds tend to have -CH2- sequences and rings as chemical groups (hydrocarbons). These chemicals are incapable of forming hydrogens, hence therefore have pretty modest surface free energies.
Is hydrophobic a bad word?The hydrophobic effect, as defined by thermodynamics, is the change in free energy in the water enclosing a solute. While a deleterious free energy fluctuation denotes hydrophilicity, a positive energy storage change of something like the aspect indicates hydrophobicity.
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The most saturated form of hemoglobin means it's ready to be transported to the tissues where oxygen is needed. ___________ partial pressure of oxygen indicates those oxygen molecules are released into the surrounding medium.
O Low to highO lowerO DownO more
The most saturated kind of hemoglobin indicates that it is prepared to be delivered to tissues with such a higher partial oxygen pressure.
What is the oxygen's source?According to scientists, the oceans supply approximately% of the oxygen that humans need. Oceanic plankton, which comprises algae, floating plants, as well as some bacteria with the potential to photosynthesize, is the main source of this production. It is a member of a specific species and the tiniest photosynthetic creature found on Earth.
Why is it so important to have oxygen?For growth, mating, and food energy conversion, insects demand oxygen. Humans breathe through their mouth and nose into their lungs to obtain the oxygen they require. Food can be broken down by our cells to
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FILL IN THE BLANK A large scale wildfire that clears a large area of forest would begin the process of ________ succession.
A large-scale wildfire that clears a large area of forest would begin the process of secondary succession.
What is secondary succession?Ecologicаl succession is the process of chаnge in the species structure of аn ecologicаl community over time. It is а process by which аn ecologicаl community undergoes more or less orderly аnd predictаble chаnges following а disturbаnce or the initiаl colonizаtion of а new hаbitаt. Succession thаt begins in new hаbitаts, uninfluenced by pre-existing communities is cаlled primаry succession, whereаs succession thаt follows disruption of а pre-existing community is cаlled secondаry succession.
А clаssic exаmple of secondаry succession occurs in oаk аnd hickory forests cleаred by wildfire. Wildfires will burn most vegetаtion аnd kill those аnimаls unаble to flee the аreа. Their nutrients, however, аre returned to the ground in the form of аsh. Thus, even when аreаs аre devoid of life due to severe fires, the аreа will soon be reаdy for new life to tаke hold.
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If this is your transcript: AUGACGGCUGAUGGU
Which mutation (and subsequent transcription and translation) would have the worst out come for the protein?
A. ACGACGUGAUGGU
B. AUGACGGCUGAUGGG
Both mutations A and B transcriptions would likely change the amino acid sequence of the protein, potentially affecting its structure and function.
What is involved in these mutations?Mutation A involves a substitution of several nucleotides and would result in a completely different sequence of amino acids being translated. This could have significant effects on the structure and function of the protein.
Mutation B involves the addition of a single nucleotide, which would result in a frameshift and a different sequence of amino acids being translated. This could also have significant effects on the structure and function of the protein.
Ultimately, the impact of these mutations would depend on the specific protein and its function. Some mutations may have a severe impact, while others may have a more mild or negligible impact. Further experimentation would be required to determine the exact effects of these mutations on the protein.
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In corn, the recessive alleles v (virescent seedlings), pr (red aleurone), and bm (brown midrib) are all encoded by genes on chromosome 5, but not necessarily in the order given. The following progeny are obtained from a cross between a fully heterozygous corn plant and a corn plant having virescent seedlings, red aleurone, and brown midribs:
a. List the parental and double cross over genotypes.
b. What is the gene order?
c. Provide a genetic map of the three loci, including the distances in map units between the gene pairs.
d. Calculate the coefficient of coincidence (C) and the interference (I).
A- The parental genotype is VvPrBm/vprbm. B- the gene order is v-pr-bm. C- the genetic map of the three loci is v -- 0.003 -- pr -- 0.004 -- bm. D- the interference is: I = 0.999993
A- The parental genotype is VvPrBm/vprbm. The double crossover genotypes are Vvprbm/vprBm and vprBm/Vvprbm.
B. There are 40 recombinant offspring out of a total of 784 offspring. This gives a recombination frequency of 40/784 = 0.051, or 5.1%.
the recombination frequency between v and pr is 2/784 = 0.003, while the recombination frequency between pr and bm is 3/784 = 0.004. Since the recombination frequency between v and pr is lower, we can conclude that v is located closer to pr than to bm. Therefore, the gene order is v-pr-bm.
C. the recombination frequency between pr and bm is 0.004. Therefore, the genetic map distance between v and pr is 0.003 map
The total genetic map distance between v and bm is the sum of the distances between v and pr and between pr and bm, which is 0.003 + 0.004 = 0.007 map units.
The genetic map of the three loci is as follows:
v -- 0.003 -- pr -- 0.004 -- bm
D. the coefficient of coincidence is:
C = observed double crossovers / expected double crossovers
C = 2 / (1.2 x
[tex] {10}^{5} [/tex]
) = 1.7 x
The interference (I) is a measure of the degree to which one crossover interferes with the occurrence of another crossover nearby.
I = 1 - (observed double crossovers / expected double crossovers)
In this case, the interference is:
I = 1 - (2 / (1.2 x
[tex] {10}^{5} [/tex]
)) = 0.999993
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