The following are some hypotheses about the dwarf planet Pluto:
Non-falsifiable
Pluto's climate is unpleasant.In comparison to other dwarf planets in its vicinity, Pluto's landscape is dull and boring.Falsifiable
Pluto's surface is mostly made of frozen nitrogen.Due to tidal friction, Pluto's orbit is slowing.A falsifiable hypothesis is one that can be refuted by tests. The most recent technology. Non-falsifiable hypothesis, on the other hand, cannot be tested. It cannot be refuted because tests have proven it to be true.
Pluto is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt, which is a ring of bodies beyond Neptune's orbit. It is the ninth-largest and tenth-massive known object to orbit the Sun directly. It is by far the largest known trans-Neptunian object by volume, but it is slightly less massive than Eris.
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What are the 5 characteristics of natural selection?
In fact 5 characteristics for any natural selection, is that it is so straightforward that it can be divided into five fundamental processes, which we'll refer to as VISTA in this instance: Variation, Inheritance, Selection, Time, and Adaptation.
Natural selection is a straightforward method that results in long-term population changes in living things. Three factors inevitably lead to natural selection: most qualities are inherited, more offspring are generated than can survive, and kids with more advantageous traits will endure and create more offspring than those with less advantageous traits.
Environment-adapted organisms have a higher chance of surviving and dispersing the genes that contributed to their success. Over time, this mechanism leads to the evolution and divergence of species. Natural selection is a method of accounting.
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What physical process is important for breathing?
In contrast to transporters, ion channels in cellular membranes .... Group of answer choices interact strongly with the molecules they transport undergo a conformation change with every solute they transport can only mediate passive transport form pores that are always open are always controlled by voltage
In contrast to transporters, ion channels in cellular membranes can only mediate passive transport form pores.
Only in order to open a membrane pore that enables a certain ion into the membrane do channel proteins undergo a conformation in the membrane. In contrast to carrier proteins, the ion will only move along its concentration gradient. It has been discovered that all membrane transport proteins that have been in-depth study are multipass transmembrane proteins, meaning that their transporters chains repeatedly pass through the lipid bilayer. These proteins allow certain hydrophilic solutes to traverse the membrane without coming into touch with the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer by establishing a continuous protein pathway across the membrane.
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Why is a decrease in genetic diversity bad?
A decrease in genetic diversity bad because it increases the risk of extinction of a population through inbreeding depression.
This is a result of despair brought on by inbreeding paired with a lack of ability to adjust to change. New alleles can be introduced in these situations to save the population. For a population to adapt to changing circumstances, genetic diversity is essential.
Genetic drift is a result of sampling error because individuals are randomly chosen when a population is sampled. A random selection is one in which each member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen.
The variety of various inherited features within a species is referred to as genetic diversity. There would be many people with a wide range of diverse traits in a species with significant genetic diversity. For a population to adapt to changing surroundings, genetic variety is essential.
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WILL GIVE BRAINLIST
Instructions: As you complete each slide of the Natural Selection Virtual Lab Activity, please fill in this lab report with the appropriate information and data.
Title:
Include your name, instructor’s name, and the name of the lab
Objective(s):
What is the purpose of the lab
Hypotheses:
Include the if/then statement you developed during the virtual lab.
Variables:
Materials:
The Natural Selection Virtual Lab Activity
Natural Selection Virtual Lab Report
Procedures:
The procedures are listed in Natural Selection Virtual Lab Activity. You do not need to include them here.
Data and Observations:
Table 1: Rabbits in the light-colored environment
Generation
Rate of Survival for White Rabbits
Rate of Survival for Brown Rabbits
1
2
3
4
5
Table 2: Rabbits in the dark-colored environment
Generation
Rate of Survival for White Rabbits
Rate of Survival for Brown Rabbits
1
2
3
4
5
Data Analysis:
Part 1: In your data tables, you recorded the percentage of the rate of survival for both the white and brown rabbit in both the light-colored and the dark-colored environments.
Part 2: Using your percentages in part 1, create a graph that represents the rate of survival for the white and brown rabbits in each type of environment.
Insert chart [Hint: don’t forget to consider the relationship between your data and the type of graph to best represent your data. A bar graph would be the best option to analyze this data.]
Conclusion:
Include the following as a summary paragraph in the conclusion of your lab report:
Analysis of the results of the experiment
Using Table 1, which color rabbit had the higher rate of survival in the light-colored (white) environment? Explain why this occurred.
Using Table 2, which color rabbit had the higher rate of survival in the dark-colored (brown) environment? Explain why this occurred.
What color rabbit seemed to camouflage the best in this snow habitat, and why?
Rationale for the support or rejection of the hypothesis
Questions:
Using what you have learned from the lesson and the virtual lab activity, answer the following questions in complete sentences.
How did the colors of each type of prey affect its population size over time?
How do you predict the data would change if you continued? Explain your answer.
What traits could help a predator be more "fit" to survive in each environment? Be specific.
Describe other adaptations besides color that could affect an individual's survival.
Explain what will happen if there are not enough resources to support the individuals in a species.
This experiment tested natural selection. What could be another possible mechanism of evolution for the rabbits to evolve? Be specific.
Due to their ability to blend in with their surroundings, White Rabbits are more likely to survive than Brown Rabbits.
What is natural selection?The process through which populations of living things adapt and change is known as natural selection. A population's members are naturally varied, which means that they are all distinctive in some ways.
Resources are necessary for a species' growth and survival, therefore if there aren't enough of them to support each member of the species, they can't reproduce.
The adaptations that could affect a person's likelihood of survival are sharp teeth, rough skin, or claws to fight off predators. These adaptations stop them from killing.
As a result, we can draw the conclusion that white rabbits are more likely to survive than brown ones do because they can blend in better with the environment's light colours.
Thus, this can be the summary of the given scenario.
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Which anatomical feature would you expect to find in the fossil remains of a nocturnal species?
a. short fingers and toes
b. pointy teeth
c. long legs
d. large eye orbits
The anatomical feature would you expect to find in the fossil remains of a nocturnal species is large eye orbits.
What anatomical characteristics might you anticipate to see in the fossilized remains of a nocturnal species?Comparatively larger eyes and bony orbits are characteristics of nocturnal (active at night) species as opposed to diurnal species. The bony orbits of primate skulls exhibit significant structural variations in addition to size variations.
Nocturnals are animals that are active at night. These animals possess a unique trait called night vision that enables them to see in the dark! Animals use their night vision to locate food or elude predators. A few nocturnal animals also have keen hearing or smell senses.
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Please Hurry
2. Is Gause’s Principle accurate? Explain why or why not.
Yes, the Gause’s Principle is accurate and applicable in real life.
What is Gause's principle?This law is also known as Gause's law. One resident will drive off the other one. If any of the life forms of the exhaust population remains, that would be because they have modified themselves according to the dissimilar niches.
Gause's laboratory experiment showed the process of competitive exclusion because he was able to separate the two species /living organisms and their common limiting resource such as food that is present in the laboratory.
Gause's principle of ruthless exclusion states that two species competing for the same restricted resource cannot coexist in the same niche forever. In ecology, the competitive exclusion principle, sometimes mention as Gause's law is a proposition.
So we conclude that The competitive barring principle, which is also known as Gause's law of competitive exclusion.
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The first step to breakdown GLUCOSE to extract energy for almost all organism
The Electron Transport Chain
The Krebs Cycle
Fermentaion
Glycolysis
Answer:
Glycolysis
Explanation:
Glycolysis is the process of breaking down glucose molecules into pyruvates and splitting off a small amount of energy in the form of ATP. It is the first stage of cellular respiration and is a common process used by most organisms.
4. What is the trait that will be expressed if it is present?
purebred
recessive
dominant
hybrid
Answer:
c
Explanation:
all dominant traits show hybrid and purebred are definetly not it
Rex rabbits have short fur and Angora rabbits have long fur. When mated together these rabbits produce offspring with medium length fur.
On a sheet of paper, make a Punnett square showing a cross that could result in the birth of short fur, long fur and medium fur babies.
What would be the parent genotypes that could result in short fur, long fur, and medium fur babies?
The offspring of an Angora and Rex rabbit hybrid have fur that is significantly longer than that of a Rex rabbit. There is a 0.25 percent probability that the child will have long fur based on the genotype of the parents.
The length of the offspring's' fur indicates an imperfect dominant inheritance pattern. Incomplete dominance is an inheritance pattern in which the phenotype of the offspring closely matches that of one parent more than the other, but is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parents.
In this instance, the progeny have fur length that is roughly equivalent to that of an Angora rabbit but slightly longer than that of a Rex rabbit. This is an illustration of partial dominance.
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A landowner plans to harvest a large area of pine trees to sell for lumber. How can
the landowner best sustain the pine trees as a natural resource?
A The landowner should consult a forester and replant the land with pine trees.
B The landowner should leave a few trees and let the land regenerate
naturally.
C The landowner should replant the land with corn or soybeans.
D The landowner should plant a few genetically altered trees.
Few trees should be left standing, and the landowner should let nature take its course.
Can a forest naturally regrow?A forest can quickly undergo organic regeneration through the growth of grass and herbs. By allowing deforested areas to remain unattended for a long time, the regrowth of forests can happen spontaneously and without the help of humans.
Regeneration of natural resources?Old stands must be left alone or have had afforestation rehabilitation and been given time to mature to the point of generating seeds in order for natural regeneration to occur. The majority of Central and Eastern European nations as well as Scandinavian nations are like this.
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What was Mendel's hypothesis?
Mendel proposed that allele pairs randomly segregate from one another when the gametes are being produced in the seed plant (egg cell) and pollen plant (sperm). A sperm or an egg only contains one copy of each allele for each inherited characteristic because allele pairs split apart during gamete development.
Mendel's idea proposed that genes arrive in pairs and are inherited from each parent as independent entities. Mendel observed how parental genes separated and if they showed up as dominant or recessive features in children. He discovered patterns of heredity passed down mathematically from one generation to the next.
He put up the particle inheritance idea as a substitute theory. The inherited phenotypes, according to his prediction, do not converge across generations. Instead, he proposed that the progeny get distinct "particles."
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Based on the movie( Food Inc), what are examples of policies that have been proposed as ways of dealing with social
changes resulting from new technologies, such as genetically engineered plants and animals.
Answer:
Food, Inc. Summary
If you aren’t completely familiar with what it is, Food, Inc was created by documentary filmmaker Robert Kenner and narrated by Eric Schlosser (Fast Food Nation), and also features commentary from Michael Pollan (The Omnivore’s Dilemma).
It lifts the veil on how the nation’s food industry has been consumed by corporations and how that impacts the farms where our food comes from, the supermarkets where we buy our food, and the restaurants where we eat that food. It tackles the FDA, food safety, food production, large-scale animal processing plants, and other food matters. If you are at all concerned or curious about the state of food supply in America, you should watch Food, Inc.
The Key Takeaways from the Movie
Supermarkets and Corn
The tomatoes you buy in the grocery store are picked when green and then ripened with ethylene gas
The food industry doesn’t want you to know the truth about what you are eating because if you did you might not eat it—it is a world deliberately hidden from us
Most people have no idea where their food comes from (do you?)
The fact that people need to write a book (and a blog!) telling people where their food comes from shows how far removed we are
The average grocery store has 47,000 products which makes it look like there is a large variety of choices—but it is an illusion—there are only a handful of corporations (like Monsanto, Tyson, and Perdue for example) and a few major crops involved
So much of the processed food is just clever rearrangements of corn (here are just a few examples of the additives that are derived from corn: cellulose, saccharin, polydextrose, xanthan gum, maltodextrin, and my favorite—ha ha ha—high fructose corn syrup)
30% of our land base in the US is used to grow corn because thanks to government policy farmers are paid to overproduce this easy-to-store crop
Farmers are producing so much corn that food scientists had to come up with uses for it—just like some of the additives listed above
Food scientists have also spent a lot of time reengineering our foods—so they last longer on grocery store shelves and don’t get stale
At the supermarket, candy, chips, and soda are all cheaper than produce
A double-cheeseburger from McDonald’s is 99 cents and you can’t even get a head of broccoli for that price
Those snack calories are cheaper because the commodity crops like corn, wheat, and soybeans are heavily subsidized
You start feeding corn to cows, E. Coli evolves and a certain mutation occurs which is very a harmful bacteria
Animals at factory farms stand ankle deep in their manure all day long so if one cow has E. Coli others can get it too
At a slaughterhouse their hides are caked with manure and if you are slaughtering 400 cows per hour how do you keep it from spreading?
So these harmful new strains of e Coli, that didn’t use to be in the world, are now a problem
E. Coli is even in spinach and apple juice because of the runoff from factory farms
It doesn’t help that the Chief of Staff for the USDA was a former lobbyist for the beef industry
Regulatory agencies are being controlled by the very companies they are supposed to be scrutinizing
There has always been food poisoning, but food is not getting safer it is becoming more contaminated because with the bigger factories it spreads the problem far and wide
There are only 13 slaughterhouses for the majority of beef in all the US
Ground beef from the grocery store has thousands of different cows mixed up in it so the chance of one of those cows in your meat having a disease is increased
After eating hamburger contaminated with E. Coli 0157:H7 a woman’s 2-year-old son went from a perfectly healthy boy to being dead in 12 days
In the 90’s some industrial meat factories were tested for E. Coli 0157:H7 and if they failed they were supposed to be shut down—but there was not enough authority to close the contaminated plants
Some companies are now using a hamburger meat filler cleansed with ammonia hydroxide to help kill E. Coli (mmm…that sounds tasty)
As climate changes, which type of reproduction would most likely result in a greater chance of survival for a species? (1) sexual reproduction, with a short reproductive сycle (2) sexual reproduction, with a long reproductive cycle (3) asexual reproduction, with a short reproductive сycle (4) asexual reproduction, with a long reproductive сycle
Sexual reproduction with a short reproductive cycle would probably increase a species' chances of survival as the climate changes. Therefore, option (1) is correct.
The fusing of a haploid female gamete (egg cell) with a haploid male gamete (sperm cell) is known as sexual reproduction. Reproduction requires either one parent (asexual reproduction) or two parents (sexual reproduction).
Asexual reproduction is typically undesirable because the environment is always changing. Sexual reproduction is generally preferred. Asexual reproduction results in organisms that are exact copies of their parents. The process of sexual reproduction can result in the development of new genetic combinations. The variety of phenotypic qualities is also increased by the genetic diversity of organisms.
During meiosis, independent assortment and crossing-over take place, which causes variation. This variation provides organisms the ability to adapt to a changing environment so that they will live and reproduce in the new habitat. In doing so, sexual reproduction would be able to adjust to new environmental challenges. And a shorter reproductive cycle allows it to produce more offspring.
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Graph 5- Survivorship Curves Using your textbook or an online resource, determine the differences between K-selected species and r-selected species. Next, use the graph below to answer question 24.
The difference between K-selected species and R-Selected species is that the former posses a type I survivorship curve while the latter has type III survivorship curve.
A Type III survival curve is more likely to be present in K-selected species. Type I survivorship curves are typical in r-selected species. Graphs called survival curves provide a visual representation of the proportion of a population that is still alive at various ages. R-Selected species have evolved to survive in unstable and unpredictable surroundings. They produce a great number of tiny young.
The offspring of r-selected animals are comparatively self-sufficient at birth and do not get a lot of resources or parental care. Examples of r-selected species include plants like the dandelion and marine creatures like jellyfish.
Species chosen by K are adapted to predictable, steady surroundings. K-selected species tend to have populations that are roughly at their carrying capacity. These species have long generation times, and larger but fewer offspring overall. An example of a K-selected species would be an elephant or a human.
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You are competing in a 50-day survival challenge and can choose only one type of food to bring. What food do you choose and why: lard (Fat/Grease), Meat, or bread?
Which two molecules bond together to form a disaccharide?
Answer:
Monosaccharides
Explanation:
Joining two Monosaccharides will create a Disaccharide. For example, the monosaccharides, glucose, and fructose bond together to form the disaccharide sucrose, which is produced by plants and is used in white sugar.
"BB" - this is described as what configuration?
BB is a dominant purebred condition in which only one character or trait is expressed, such as if it is for black, then only black will be expressed as there are two alleles present and both are similar.
What is the significance of the purebred traits?The term "purebred trait" refers to the presence of two dominant or two recessive alleles in genotypes such as BB and TT, and the parents with purebred traits inherit the gametes with a single type gene and no chance of variation is here.
Hence, BB is a dominant purebred condition in which only one character or trait is expressed, such as if it is for black, then only black will be expressed as there are two alleles present and both are similar.
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Light from a distant star is focused by the lens onto the retina . With a pupil diameter of 3.0mm, the intensity of light falling on the retina is illustrated by the graph below . The spot illuminated on the retina is about 8micrometers in diameter. When star gazing on a very dark evening, the pupil diameter will expand to much larger than 3.0 mm.
a.With an expanded pupil diameter, what will happen to the total amount of light energy reaching the retina?
increase,decrease,or stay the same?
b. With an expanded pupil diameter, what will happen to the spread of the image on the retina?
increase,decrease,or stay the same?
c. With a decreased spread in image size, what will happen to the intensity of the central maxima?
increase,decrease,or stay the same?
With an expanded pupil diameter, the total amount of light energy reaching the retina will increase, the spread of the image on the retina will decrease, and the intensity of the central maxima will increase.
a. The total amount of light energy reaching the retina will rise with enlarged pupil diameter. The iris of the eye has an aperture called a pupil that controls how much light enters the eye.
More light can enter the eye when the pupil dilates, increasing the quantity of light energy that reaches the retina overall.
b. The spread of the image on the retina will narrow as the pupil diameter increases. The retinal image is spread out over a larger surface area as the pupil dilates, which reduces the size of the image.
c. The central maxima's intensity will rise as the spread of the image size decreases. The center maxima's intensity rises as a result of the light's greater concentration in a smaller region due to the lower image size.
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Why is the root of a plant unable to absorb mineral salt from the soil if it’s given a poison that prevents respiration
Why is it important to distinguish true north from Geomagnetic north
True north is a fixed point on the globe. Magnetic north is quite different. Magnetic north is the direction that a compass needle points to as it aligns with the Earth's magnetic field. What is interesting is that the magnetic North Pole shifts and changes over time in response to changes in the Earth's magnetic core.
What makes mollusks unique?
The presence of file-like rasping tool called a radula makes mollusks unique. This structure helps them to dig algae and other food from rocks or they can even shell of prey.
In general , Mollusks are classified to have soft bodies, and the body is not segmented . Soft body helps to holds the heart, liver, digestive system, and other important organs. Mollusks don't have legs, they have rough tongues with teeth like structure known as radula .
Hence, important distinguishing feature in mollusks is having a hard outer shell. That covers the top of the body and helps to enclose many internal organs. They have distinctive head region, this region have tentacles for sensing and also grasping food.
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Which statement best explains the connection between the sequence and subcomponents of a protein and its properties
"The specific shape of a protein is determined by its original sequence of amino acids, which ensures proper function upon renaturation."
This statement correctly describes the relationship between the primary structure of a protein, its three-dimensional shape, and its function. The specific sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its conformation or 3D structure. This structure, in turn, is responsible for the protein's ability to perform its specific functions, such as catalyzing reactions, transporting molecules across membranes, or binding to other molecules. The specific shape of a protein is crucial for its function and any change in its primary structure can lead to a change in its conformation and subsequently in its function. Renaturation is a process in which a denatured protein (meaning it has lost its 3D structure) is returned to its native conformation by the application of appropriate conditions, such as pH, temperature, and salt concentration. If the primary structure of the protein is correct, it will be able to return to its native conformation and function properly after renaturation.
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I need someone to explain this
What happens when CO2 increases in the ocean?
More carbon dioxide is evaporating into the ocean as a result of human-driven increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Currently, the ocean has an average pH of 8.1, which is basic (or alkaline), but when more CO2 is absorbed, the pH drops and the ocean becoming more acidic.
Ocean acidificationCarbon dioxide dissolves in seawater as it reaches the ocean. It first creates carbonic acid. The carbonic acid then "dissociates," or separates, into bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions. Ocean acidification is caused by an increase in hydrogen ion concentration and a decrease in carbonate ions as a result of increasing CO2 absorption.
Carbonate ions are necessary for the growth of the shells and thriving of clams, mussels, crabs, corals, and other marine life.
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Which of the following is NOT a way in which viruses differ from all other living things?
a. they do not grow
b. they cannot respond to environment stimuli through metabolic changes
c. they cannot self-replicate
d. they live inside host cells
Answer:
d. they live inside host cells
The healthcare provider prescribes 375 mg of intravenous (iv) ampicillin iv every 6 hours for a 5-month-old with a recurrent respiratory infection. The drug is supplied as 500 mg of powder in a vial. The directions state that the powder should be mixed with 1. 8 ml of diluent, which yields 250 mg/ml. How many milliliters should the nurse administer? take your answer to one decimal place. ___ ml
The nurse should administer 1.5 mg of ampicillin IV to the 5-month-old patient with a recurrent respiratory infection.
Respiratory infection is the infection of the respiratory system, especially of the respiratory pathways like the nose, throat, bronchi, etc. They usually are mild in nature which can be relieved on their own, However some diseases can cause severe effects. The examples are cold, common flu, COVID-19, etc.
The amount of ampicillin can be calculated by using the Desired over Have formula, that can be expressed as:
Dose ordered / Dose Have = Amount needed to be given.
Therefore 375 / 250 = 1.5 mg
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Which of the following best describes the addition of nucleotides to a growing DNA chain? A nucleoside triphosphate is added to the 5' end of the DNA, releasing a molecule of pyrophosphate. A nucleoside diphosphate is added to the 3' end of the DNA, releasing a molecule of phosphate. A nucleoside triphosphate is added to the 3' end of the DNA, releasing a molecule of pyrophosphate. Co A nucleoside diphosphate is added to the 5' end of the DNA, releasing a molecule of phosphate. Moving to another question will save this response
Correct statement which best descibes the addition of nucleotide is a) a nucleoside triphosphate is added to the 5' end of the DNA, releasing a molecule of pyrophosphate.So,correct option is a.
A nucleoside triphosphate is a nucleotide containing a nitrogenous base bound to a 5-carbon sugar (either ribose or deoxyribose), with three phosphate bunches bound to the sugar. They are the sub-atomic antecedents of both DNA and RNA, which are chains of nucleotides made through the cycles of DNA replication and transcription. Nucleoside triphosphates likewise act as a wellspring of energy for cell reactions and are associated with flagging pathways.
Nucleoside triphosphates can't be consumed well, so they are regularly orchestrated inside the cell. Blend pathways contrast contingent upon the particular nucleotide triphosphate being made, yet given the numerous significant jobs of nucleoside triphosphates, union is firmly directed in all cases. Nucleoside analogs may likewise be utilized to treat viral infections. For instance, azidothymidine (AZT) is a nucleoside simple used to forestall and treat HIV/Helps.
Hence,correct statement is given in option a.
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(Complete question) is:
Which of the following best describes the addition of nucleosides to a growing DNA chain?
a)A nucleoside triphosphate is added to the 5' end of the DNA, releasing a molecule of pyrophosphate.
b)A nucleoside diphosphate is added to the 3' end of the DNA, releasing a molecule of phosphate.
c)A nucleoside triphosphate is added to the 3' end of the DNA, releasing a molecule of pyrophosphate.
d)A nucleoside diphosphate is added to the 5' end of the DNA, releasing a molecule of phosphate. Moving to another question will save this response
What were the two key concepts that Mendel's careful selection of specific traits allowed him to develop?
Mendel's research reveals two basic truths : Physical characteristics are determined by factors (now called genes) inherited from parents, and these factors are passed on in predictable patterns from generation to generation.
Understanding heredity was made possible by a scientist named Gregor Mendel who formulated certain laws for understanding heredity known as Mendel's Laws of Inheritance. Mendel proposed three laws of inheritance are: Law of Dominance, The Law of Segregation, Law of independent assortment. Both Mendelian segregation and independent permutation are explained by the physical behavior of chromosomes during meiosis. Mendel conducted experiments on peas and examined seven main contrasting characteristics of the plant. He then conducted both experiments to determine the laws of heredity.
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Could both the food competition hypothesis and the sexual competition hypothesis explain why giraffes have long necks
Yes, both the food competition hypothesis and the sexual competition hypothesis explain why giraffes have long necks because long necks could be beneficial for more than reason.
The giraffe's neck, which can extend up to two meters in length, was chosen since no other animal can access the topmost leaves of the trees because of its unique ability to do so. Therefore, this adaption was created to prevent the animal from competing with other animals for food. According to Simmons and Sheepers' sexual selection theory, giraffes' tall necks are the result of competition for mates. It explains that long necks are caused via intersexual competitions in which the neck is used as a weapon.
According to the Darwinian theory of evolution, some giraffes developed longer necks than others due to random variation. They were able to reach leaves far up in the trees in their surroundings because of their lengthy necks.
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