The correct values for the y and x for the 50 ppm ethyl acetate standard are 0.04909 (y) and 0.03667 (x).
This is because the y-value is the ratio of the detector response for the analyte (ethyl acetate) to that of the internal standard (n-butanol), which can be calculated by dividing the peak area of the ethyl acetate standard (5.05) by the peak area of the internal standard (124.37), resulting in 0.04064. The x-value is the ratio of the standard concentration of the analyte (50 ppm) to that of the internal standard (1500 ppm), which can be calculated by dividing the concentration of the ethyl acetate standard (50 ppm) by the concentration of the internal standard (1500 ppm), resulting in 0.03333. Since the y-axis and x-axis values are ratios, the data analysis using the internal standard method of calibration is ratiometric.
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Bacterial fermentation of sugars usually results in results in ___________ end products. end products whereas breakdown of proteins and amino acids the formation of __________
Multiple Choice
O acidic........alkaline
O acidic.....alcoholic
O alkaline.......sulfide
O alcohol........acidic
O alkaline........acidic
In most cases, acidic byproducts of bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates are produced. while proteins & amino acids break down, alkaline is produced as an end result.
What outcomes from bacterial fermentation?SCFAs and fuel dioxide, methane, and hydrogen—are the byproducts of fermentation. Colonic bacteria also digest proteins and poorly absorbed starches from the upper GI tract in additional to nonstarch polysaccharides.
Where does fermentation of bacteria take place?All animals' gastrointestinal tracts undergo fermentation, although the degree of fermentation varies depending on the number of microbes present, which is typically highest inside the large bowel.
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In the preindustrial era, settlements were more likely to be near sources of surface water than in the industrial era.a. True b. False
Pre-industrial villages were more likely to be found close to surface water sources than industrial ones were. is Valid
Why has groundwater increased?The growing population is the main cause of the growth in groundwater use. The increased usage of groundwater is a result of both urbanization and pollution. Groundwater cannot be successfully sourced from contaminated rivers, lakes, or springs. Between pre- and post-industrial eras, groundwater use reduced.
Similar issues arise when water is extracted from the ground quicker than it can be replaced. As a result of pumping, groundwater storage volume is falling in several parts of the United States. The main cause of ongoing groundwater pumping is groundwater depletion. The Ogallala Aquifer is the country's biggest aquifer. The High Plains aquifer system, which extends from Texas to South Dakota, supports a portion of eight different states.
Therefore the correct answer is option b ) true .
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Please help
Solid sodium reacts with fluorine gas.
The theoretical yield of the reaction is calculated as 28.2 g NaF.
25.9 g NaF were recovered after the reaction.
What is the percent yield of for the reaction?
2Na + F2 → 2NaF [ ? ]%
Considering the definition of percent yield, the percent yield for the reaction is 91.84%.
Definition of percent yieldThe percent yield is the ratio between the actual yield and the theoretical yield expressed as a percentage.
The percent yield is calculated as:
percent yield= (actual yield÷ percent yield)×100%
where:
The actual yield is the amount of product obtained from a chemical reaction.The theoretical yield is the amount of product that is obtained from the stoichiometric equation using the limiting reagent to determine the product.Percent yield in this case.In this case, you know:
Actual yield= 25.9 gTheoretical yield= 28.2 gReplacing in the definition of percent yield:
percent yield= (25.9 g÷ 28.2 g)×100%
Solving:
percent yield= 91.84%
Finally, the percent yield is 91.84%.
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Complete the table below by writing the symbols: ionic compound cation anion NaCl Na^+ Cl^- CrCl4 Cr^4+ Cl^- NH,Br NΗ4^+ Br^- Cu(OH)2 Cu^2+ OH^- Cos
Ionic compound Cation Anion
NaCl Na^+ Cl^-
CrCl4 Cr^3+ Cl^-
NH4Br NH4^+ Br^-
Cu(OH)2 Cu^2+ OH^-
CoS Co^2+ S^2-
Please note that in CrCl4 the cation is Cr^3+ not Cr^4+
In the table above, the first compound is NaCl. The sodium cation has a positive charge of +1 and the chloride anion has a negative charge of -1, which gives the compound a neutral charge.
The second compound is CrCl4. The Chromium cation has a positive charge of +3 and the chloride anion has a negative charge of -1, which gives the compound a neutral charge as well.
The third compound is NH4Br. The ammonium cation has a positive charge of +1 and the bromide anion has a negative charge of -1, which gives the compound a neutral charge.
The fourth compound is Cu(OH)2. The Copper cation has a positive charge of +2 and the hydroxide anion has a negative charge of -1, which gives the compound a neutral charge.
Finally, the fifth compound is CoS. The Cobalt cation has a positive charge of +2 and the sulfide anion has a negative charge of -2, which gives the compound a neutral charge.
It's important to note that the charge of the cations and anions must match for the compound to be neutral, if not the compound will have a net charge.
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What balanced chemical reactions does carbon engineering involve?
What are some examples of balanced chemical reactions that involves carbon engineering?
The carbon engineering technologies forward the carbon dioxide capturing methods. The first step involved in the air contactor is given below:
[tex]\rm CO_{2} + 2 KOH \rightarrow H_{2}O + K_{2}CO_{3}[/tex]
What is carbon engineering ?Nowadays evolution of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide is causing serious issues such as global warming. Industries and factories are uncontrollably release these gases to the atmosphere.
Carbon engineering designs the techniques for direct capture of carbon dioxide. The methods include an air contactor with the reaction given above and a pelletizer where, the KOH and calcium carbonate produces calcium hydroxide.
A calcinator decomposes the calcium carbonate forming the carbon dioxide which is captures.
[tex]\rm CaCO_{3} \rightarrow CO_{2} + CaO[/tex]
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What does a metal combine with in an
ionic compound?
The following model was used to show a molecule of methane, or CH4. Describe the number and type of each component of the molecule.
There is only a single carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms in the model.
What is a model?In science, when we talk about a model, we know that what we mean is a representation. It is actually something that stands in for another. We can be able to use a model as a guide that enables us to be able to visualize what the actual molecule would look like.
We can see that in the compound that has been laid out here, we would have about four atoms that are from hydrogen while we would only have one atom from carbon in the compound.
Thus, the blue ball stands for carbon while each of the red balls stand for hydrogen atoms in the model shown.
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Complete the electrophilic addition mechanism below.
Box1: Add the missing curved arrow notation.
Box 2: Add the missing curved arrow notation, lone pair electrons, and non-zero formal charges.
Box3: Draw the organic product with all applicable lone pair electrons and non-zero formal charges.
The electrophilic addition reaction is the reaction in which electrophile attack the substrate. The compound containing double or the triple bond broken into the sigma bond.
The electrophilic addition reaction in which the compound that contains the double or the triple bond , broken in to the sigma bond. The some of the example of the electrophilic reaction of the alkene is given below :
CH₂ = CH₂ + HX ----> CH₃ - CH₂X
CH₂ = CH - CH₃ + HX ----> CH₃ - CHX - CH₃
The proton H⁺ will make a bond with carbon atom of the carbon = carbon double bond. The halogen ion forms the bond with the intermediate carbocation produces the final product.
The question is incomplete, i gave general answer according to my knowledge.
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Model 1 - Chemical Reactions
CL + 2NaBr
2(g)
(aq)
2NaCl + Br
(aq)
1. Label the reactants and the products.
2. What does the number 2 in Cl, mean?
2
Click to add text
3. What does the 2 in front of 2NaBr mean?
Click to add text
Reactant
2(1)
Product
1. 1st reaction:reactant, 2nd reaction:product.
2. 2 in cl2 means that chlorine is diatonic
3. 2 in front of NaBr shows that there are 2 moles of NaBr
A chemical reaction has reached equilibrium when
a. the concentrations of reactants and products are equal,
b. the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction,
c. all reactants have been converted to products,
d. all products have been removed from the reaction mixture.
A chemical reaction has reached the equilibrium when b. the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction.
The chemical reaction is said to be in the equilibrium when the rate of the forward reaction is equals to the rate of the backward reaction. . The equilibrium is the state of the balance. The chemical equilibrium is the state of the reaction when the the rates of the forward and the rates of the backward reaction s are equal.
forward
A + B ⇄ C
backward
The chemical equilibrium are of the two types :
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Help me with this chemistry question please and thank you
Yes it is True.
Because Zinc(Zn) is Highly reactive than Hydrogen(H) that is why Zn can easily replace Hydrogen in HCl and form ZnCl2.
Neon has three naturally occurring isotopes. In a sample of neon, 80.75% of the atoms are Ne-20, which is an isotope of neon with 10 neutrons and a mass of 19.99 AMU. Another 0.25% of the atoms are Ne-21, which is an isotope of neon with 11 neutrons and a mass of 20.99 AMU. The final 19% of the atoms are Ne-22, which is an isotope of neon with 12 neutrons and a mass of 21.99 AMU. What is the atomic mass of neon? Show your work.
The average atomic mass of neon is derived from the isotopic masses and percentage abundance. The average atomic mass of neon is 20.37 amu.
What are isotopes?Isotopes are atoms of same element with different atomic mass numbers. Almost all elements have two or more isotopes but not all of them are stable in nature.
The average atomic mass can be calculated from the isotopic mass and and percentage abundance as follows:
atomic mass = ∑ (isotopic mass × %abundance /100 )
Apply the isotopic mass and abundance of all isotopes given as follows:
atomic mass of neon = (80.75/100 ×19.99 amu) + (0.25/100 ×20.99 amu) + (19/100 × 21.99 amu) = 20.37 amu.
Therefore, the atomic mass of neon is 20.37 amu.
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4. If 13.34 g of an unknown substance has a -40.8 J of heat in cooling from 50°C to 43°C,
what is the specific heat of the unknown?
Answer: c (specific heat capacity) = 0.4369243949 J/g *C
Or with Significant digits: 0.44 ( 2 sig digs because of temperature)
Explanation: So this is a simple calorimetry question, so you have to consider this formula, ΔH = -Q and since Q = mcΔt || Therefore you get this equation ΔH = - (mcΔt). So you want to solve for c, now rearrange. Once you do that, you will end up with c = - (ΔH/ -m · -Δt)
Now Plug in the numbers
Then you will get 0.44!
Hope that helped and remember significant digits! Good luck!
Identify the least reactive element from the following.A816 XB1020 XC1123 XD919 X
1020 X is the least reactive element. The least reactive elements are the inert gases. Inert gases have an atomic number of 2, 10, 18, 36, 54, and 86.
What does an atomic number mean?The quantity of protons in an atom's nucleus is known as the atomic number. The amount of protons determines an element's identity.
The atomic number is where?The number of protons in an atom's nucleus, that is also equivalent to the amount of electron inside an uncharged atom, is indicated by the word "atomic number," which is typically represented by the letter Z. The neutron number is a representation of the amount of neutrons (N).
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The correct question is
Identify the least reactive element of the following?
A) 168X
B) 2010X
C) 2311X
D) 199X
What do covalent bond and organic compound have in common?
Answer:
Covalent bonds are much more common in organic chemistry than ionic bonds. A covalent bond consists of the simultaneous attraction of two nuclei for one or more pairs of electrons. The electrons located between the two nuclei are bonding electrons.
Explanation:
Atom Valence
Oxygen 2
Sulfur 2
Nitrogen 3
Carbon 4
What is the lewis structure of I3^(-)?
The triiodide ion, with its I3- Lewis structure, is a linear anion ion with sp3d hybridization, trigonal bipyramidal geometry, and the acquisition of a linear form.
What makes up an ion?An ion is an atom or group of atoms with just an electric charge. The word for positive-charged ions is cations. Ions which have a negative surface charge are referred to as anion. The body includes ions of several common substances.
Which definition best fits an ion?A charged molecule or atom is known as an ion. Because there are more electrons than protons in an atom or molecule, it is charged. Depending upon whether the amount of an atom's electrons is more or less than the number or protons in the atom, an atom can develop a positive charged or a negative charge.
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When NH3(g) reacts with O2(g) to form N2O(g) and H2O(l) , 342 kJ of energy are evolved for each mole of NH3(g) that reacts.
Since 342 kJ of energy are evolved for each mole of NH₃(g), and there are 2 moles of NH₃(g) in the balanced equation, the heat evolved will be2 × 342 kJ = 684 kJ. By convention, when heat is evolved, it takes a negative sign. The balanced thermochemical equation is:
2 NH₃(g) + 2 O₂(g) ⇒ N₂O(g) + 3 H₂O(l) ΔH° = -684 kJ
What is NH3?Ammonia occurs naturally and is produced by human activity. It is an important source of nitrogen which is needed by plants and animals. Bacteria found in the intestines can produce ammonia. Ammonia is a colorless gas with a very distinct odor. This odor is familiar to many people because ammonia is used in smelling salts, many household and industrial cleaners, and window-cleaning products. Ammonia gas can be dissolved in water. This kind of ammonia is called liquid ammonia or aqueous ammonia. Once exposed to open air, liquid ammonia quickly turns into a gas. Ammonia is applied directly into soil on farm fields, and is used to make fertilizers for farm crops, lawns, and plants. Many household and industrial cleaners contain ammonia.
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Give the hybridization for the O in OF 2.
a. sp(^3)d
b. sp(^3)d(^2)
c. sp^3
d. sp^2
e. sp
It is a useful ability to be able to rapidly assess whether the atom is the hybridization again for O in OF 2, as the hybridization hypothesis is sometimes perceived as a convoluted and lengthy notion. sp^2
What does hybridization look like in practice?The process chemical hybridization known as sp3 hybridization involves the mixing and recasting of the 1s and 3p electron shells of the same element to create new hybrid orbitals with the same energy, symmetric, and fixed orientation in space. The molecule of methane is one example.
How and why is hybridization important?Atomic orbitals are thought to combine to generate freshly hybridized orbitals through the process of hybridization, which then affects the geometry of molecules and their bonding characteristics. Additionally, hybridization expands the valence
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Please answer BOTH questions! Many thanks.
The Born -Haber cycle is used to find out the lattice energy and formation enthalpy of a reaction from its individual steps. The total energy of the cycle is zero.
What is Hess law ?According to Hess law, we can split a reaction into several steps. each steps involves the phase transitions, ionization of constituent elements.
The energy required form a solid compound from its constituent elements in gaseous state is called the lattice energy of the compound. Here the formation of KBr from gaseous K and Br is given. Thus the enthalpy change is called lattice energy.
The lattice energy plus the formation energy is called the total energy in the reaction. Where, the enthalpy change of the cycle is zero. The Born -Haber cycle of the given reaction include first reaction with the phase transition of each elements and their ionization.
The ionized atoms combine together to form the product, which is written as the overall reaction in the top.
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7. The relative atomic mass of lithium is 6.94 and its atomic number is 3. Which one
statement below can be correctly deduced from this information?
A) All ions of lithium contain three electrons.
B) All atoms of lithium contain equal numbers of electrons and neutrons.
C) Some atoms of lithium contain more than three electrons.
D) All atoms of lithium contain three protons.
Lithium is an alkali metal with the atomic number = 3 and an atomic mass of 6.941 g/mol. All ions of lithium contain three electrons.
What Is lithium the drug used for?Lithium is a type of medicine known as a mood stabiliser. It's used to treat mood disorders such as: mania (feeling highly excited, overactive or distracted) hypo-mania (similar to mania, but less severe)
What lithium does to the brain?At a neuronal level, lithium reduces excitatory (dopamine and glutamate) but increases inhibitory (GABA) neurotransmission; however, these broad effects are underpinned by complex neurotransmitter systems that strive to achieve homeostasis by way of compensatory changes.
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A set of chemistry exam scores are normally distributed with a mean of 707070 points and a standard deviation of 555 points. What proportion of exam scores are between 686868 and 737373 points? you may round your answer to four decimal places.
The proportion of exams scores between 68 and 73 points is 38.09%.
First, we need to calculate the z-score of both points.
Formula for z-score is:
z-score = (x – mean) / SD
In this case, given that:
Mean = 70
SD = 5
So, for exam score 68 points:
z-score = (68 – 70) / 5
= –2 / 5
= –0.4
And, for exam score 73 points:
z-score = (73 – 70) / 5
= 3 / 5
= 0.6
Thus, the probability:
P (68 < x < 73) = P (–0.4 < z < 0.6)
By using the z-table:
P (–0.4 < z < 0.6)
= (0.5 – 0.3446) + (0.7258 – 0.5)
= 0.3809
= 38.09%
Hence, the proportion of exams scores between 68 and 73 points is 38.09%.
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What is the percent composition of carbon in sucrose?
What is the percent composition of hydrogen in sucrose?
What is the percent composition of oxygen in sucrose?
Sucrose = C12H22O11, Molar Mass = 12.01(12)+1.01(22)+16.00(11) = 342.34 g/mol
Answer:
Percentage Composition from Formulas. A more complex example is sucrose (table sugar), which is 42.11% carbon, 6.48% hydrogen, and 51.41% oxygen by mass.
Explanation:
how much heat is needed to raise the temperature of 100 g of water from 10°C to 20°C
Answer:
Ainsi pour transformer, sous la pression atmosphérique, une masse de 1 kg d'eau pris à 20 °C en vapeur, l'énergie à fournir est égale à l'énergie fournie pour passer de 20 °C à 100 °C à l'état liquide soit 334 kJ puis à celle requise lors de la vaporisation à 100 °C soit 2256 kJ donc au total 2590 kJ.
Explanation:
Which gas is a molecule with 14 protons?
Nitrogen (N2) is a molecule that has 14 protons.
Nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that makes up about 78% of the Earth's atmosphere. Nitrogen is an important component of many compounds, including proteins, DNA, and RNA, and is essential for life on Earth.
Nitrogen gas is also used in a variety of industrial applications, including the production of fertilizers, explosives, and the preservation of food. Nitrogen is a non-metallic, diatomic gas that exists in two stable isotopes, 14N and 15N.
Nitrogen gas is relatively unreactive, due to the strong triple bond between the two nitrogen atoms in a nitrogen molecule (N2). However, under certain conditions, such as high temperatures or the presence of catalysts, nitrogen can react with other elements to form compounds such as ammonia (NH3), nitric oxide (NO), and nitrous oxide (N2O).
In the Earth's atmosphere, nitrogen plays a key role in the nitrogen cycle, a process by which nitrogen is converted between different chemical forms. Nitrogen gas is converted to ammonia by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and then to nitrite and nitrate by microorganisms in the soil.
Overall, Nitrogen is a very important element in our planet and many industrial processes.
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Consider the following intermediate chemical equations.
3 equations. 1: upper C solid plus upper o subscript 2 gas right arrow upper C upper O subscript 2 gas Delta H 1 equals negative 393.5 kilojoules. 2: 2 upper C upper O gas plus upper O subscript 2 gas right arrow 2 upper C upper O subscript 2 gas Delta H 2 equals negative 566.0 kilojoules. 3: 2 upper H subscript 2 upper o gas right arrow 2 upper H subscript 2 gas plus upper O subscript 2 gas delta H 3 equals 483.6 kilojoules.
The overall chemical equation is Upper C (s) plus upper H subscript 2 upper O (g) right arrow upper C upper o (g) plus upper H subscript 2 (g).. To calculate the final enthalpy of the overall chemical equation, which step must occur?
Reverse the first equation, and change the sign of the enthalpy. Then, add.
Reverse the second equation, and change the sign of the enthalpy. Then, add.
Multiply the first equation by three, and triple the enthalpy. Then, add.
Divide the third equation by two, and double the enthalpy. Then, add.
Specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius of one gram of a substance. Therefore, 485.9 kJ is the overall enthalpy of the reaction.
What is Enthalpy?Enthalpy term is basically used in thermodynamics to show the overall energy that a matter have. Mathematically, Enthalpy is directly proportional to specific heat capacity of a substances.
Reverse the first equation: upper C solid plus upper o subscript 2 gas right arrow upper C upper O subscript 2 gas ΔH1=-393.5 kJ
Reverse the second equation:2 upper C upper O gas plus upper O subscript 2 gas right arrow 2 upper C upper O subscript 2 gas ΔH2=-566.0KJ
Reverse the third equation: 2 upper H subscript 2 upper o gas right arrow 2 upper H subscript 2 gas plus upper O subscript 2 gas ΔH2=-483.6 kJ
ΔHrxn = 393.5 kJ + 566.0 kJ + (-483.6 kJ)
= 485.9 kJ
Therefore, 485.9 kJ is the overall enthalpy of the reaction.
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The is all
the wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation.
• Radio waves
• Microwaves
• Infrared radiation
• Visible light
• Ultraviolet light
• X-rays
• Gamma rays
Electromagnetic radiation can be categorized into seven different groups. It consists of radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet light, X-rays, and gamma rays.
The wavelengths of each of them are as follows:
Gamma rays: < 10⁻¹² m. It is usually used in the medical field
X-rays: 1 nm- 1 pm. It is used in a number of fields like medicine and airport security.
Ultraviolet: 400 nm- 1 nm. Sun is the main source of UV rays
Visible light: 750 nm- 400 nm. This is visible to our eyes.
Infrared light: 25 μm – 2.5 μm. It is mainly used in night vision goggles.
Microwaves: 1 mm – 25 μm. It is used in microwave ovens and other cooking utensils.
Radio waves: > 1 mm. It captures the waves transmitted by radio stations
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Classify these orbital descriptions by type. Atomic orbital Hybrid orbital Molecular orbital p d f P sp^2 sp^3 sp^3d sigma2s pi2p S
The concept used to solve this problem is based on type of orbitals. The orbitals can be atomic, molecular and hybrid.
The atomic orbitals are the areas of space around the nucleus of an atom where an electron is expected to be found. The hybrid orbitals are the orbitals which are formed by mixing of atomic orbitals. The molecular orbitals are the orbitals which have bonding and antibonding orbitals.
Step: 1
The orbitals s, p, d and f are atomic orbitals. The electrons can be find in atomic orbitals. the electrons of an atom can be filled in s, p, d and f orbitals
Step: 2
The orbitals sp,sp2,sp3 and sp3d are hybrid orbitals. The hybrid orbital is formed by combination of atomic orbital.
Step: 3
The molecular orbitals are σ2s and π2p. The molecular orbitals are made up of bonding and antibonding orbitals.
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How many particles are in 2.5 moles of Argon, Ar?
Answer: 2.5 moles of Argon, Ar contains 15.055 x 10^23 particles. ✅
Explanation:
To find the number of particles in 2.5 moles of Argon, we can use the Avogadro's number. Avogadro's number is the number of atoms, ions or molecules in one mole of a substance. It is defined as 6.022 x 10^23 particles per mole.
To convert moles to particles, we can multiply the number of moles by Avogadro's number.
2.5 moles x 6.022 x 10^23 particles/mole = 15.055 x 10^23 particles
So, 2.5 moles of Argon, Ar contains 15.055 x 10^23 particles.
A gas at a pressure of 1 atm is in a
sealed 1.0 L container. What happens
to the pressure when the
temperature is reduced to half of the
original amount?
The pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature. Hence, as temperature decreases pressure decreases. Therefore, option D is correct.
What is Gay- Lussacs law?
According to Gay- Lussacs law at constant volume, the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature.
Hence, P/T = constant.
Let P1 and T1 be the initial pressure and temperature and P2, T2 be the final quantities, then
P1/T1 = P2/T2
Given P1 = 1 atm
T1 = x ° C
T2 = x/2° C
Then P2 = P1 T2/T1
P2 = 1 × x/2° C / x° C
= 1/2 atm
That is one half of the initial pressure.
Therefore, the pressure of the gas reduces to half when temperature is reduced to half. Thus, option D is correct.
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How many grams are in 12 atoms of carbon?
12 atoms of carbon is equal to 12 x 12.011 grams, or 144.132 grams.
The atomic mass of carbon is 12.011 g/mol, which means that one mole of carbon contains 12.011 grams. Therefore, to find the mass of 12 atoms of carbon, we need to multiply 12.011 by 12, which equals to 144.132 grams.
This is because 1 mole of any element is equal to 6.022 x 1023 atoms. To calculate the mass of 12 atoms, we need to divide 12 by 6.022 x 1023, which is equal to 1.99 x 10-23 moles.
Once we have this number, we can multiply it by 12.011 to get the mass of 12 atoms of carbon. This gives us the final answer of 144.132 grams for 12 atoms of carbon.
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