Answer: The identification of the virus responsible for a disease outbreak typically involves several steps. In the early stages, virologists collect samples from patients and use various laboratory techniques to isolate and grow the virus. This can include procedures such as cell culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, and sequencing of the viral genetic material.
Once the virus is isolated and characterized, virologists compare its genetic sequence to known viruses to determine its identity. This information can then be used to develop diagnostic tests to quickly and accurately identify the virus in future patients.
Tracking the spread of an epidemic involves ongoing surveillance and analysis of case data. This can include monitoring the number of new cases, the location of cases, and the demographics of affected individuals. Virologists may also use techniques such as genomic sequencing to track the evolution and spread of the virus over time.
Conquering a virus typically requires a multi-faceted approach. This can include the development and distribution of effective vaccines, the implementation of public health measures to prevent the spread of the virus, and the use of antiviral medications to treat infected individuals. In some cases, existing drugs may be repurposed to treat the virus, or new drugs may be developed specifically for that purpose.
It is important to note that the process of identifying, tracking, and conquering a virus is a complex and ongoing effort that involves the collaboration of many experts, including virologists, epidemiologists, public health officials, and healthcare professionals.
Explanation:
What kind of attraction holds the oppositely charged ions together in an ionic bond?
The two ions that make up an ionic bond are held together by a powerful electric force of attraction.
What kind of attraction exists between ions of various charges?Ionic bonds, also known as electrovalent bonds in chemical compounds, are created when opposingly charged ions electrostatically attract one another. When the valence (outside section) electrons of one atom are permanently transferred to another atom, a bond of this type is created.
What kind of attraction towards one another?Since opposite charges attract, these ions have the opposite charges. Ionic bonds are created by the electrostatic attraction of positive and negative ions. Therefore, an ionic bond's positive and negative ions are attracted to one another by electrostatic forces.
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Fill The Blank? tyrosinase catalyzes a reaction that oxidizes ______________________ and ______________________ is the product.
The enzyme TYROSINASE catalyzes the oxidation of DOPA (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine), resulting in the production of dopaquinone, in the presence of oxygen.
Tyrosinase has the peculiar ability to catalyze three different biochemical processes, including the hydroxylation of a monophenol, catechol dehydrogenation, and dihydroxyindole dehydrogenation, all within a single metabolic pathway.
Tyrosinase, an oxidoreductase in the general category of enzymes, is a component of the oxidation and reduction processes in the epidermis. The major role of the enzyme in the melanogenesis process is to catalyze these chemical events. When an enzyme is present, the rate of the reaction is higher than when an enzyme is not there.
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A certain metal forms a soluble nitrate salt. Suppose the left half cell of a galvanic cell apparatus is filled with a solution of and the right half cell with a solution of the same substance. Electrodes made of are dipped into both solutions and a voltmeter is connected between them. The temperature of the apparatus is held constant at.
The right electrode will be positive and the voltmeter will show a voltage of approximately 0.762 volts.
In a galvanic cell, the electrode that is immersed in the solution with a higher concentration of ions will have a lower concentration of electrons and will become the positive electrode, while the electrode immersed in the solution with a lower concentration of ions will become the negative electrode. The voltage is a measure of the potential difference between the two electrodes, and is proportional to the logarithm of the concentration ratio of the ions in the two solutions.
In this case, since the concentration of M(NO3)3 is much higher in the left half-cell than in the right half-cell, the left electrode will become the negative electrode and the right electrode will become the positive electrode, with a voltage of approximately 0.762 volts as measured by the voltmeter.
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Complete Question:
A certain metal M forms a soluble nitrate salt M(NO3)3 . Suppose the left half cell of a galvanic cell apparatus is filled with a 2.50M solution of M(NO3)3 and the right half cell with a 12.5mM solution of the same substance. Electrodes made of M are dipped into both solutions and a voltmeter is connected between them. The temperature of the apparatus is held constant at 20.0°C.
Which electrode will be positive? Left of Right
What voltage will the voltmeter show? Assume its positive lead is connected to the positive electrode.
A cell containing only pure water is placed into a solution containing 1m sucrose. The cell's membrane is impermeable to water, sucrose, sodium ions and chloride ions. How could you make the cell isosmotic to the outside solution? choose all of the correct answers.
Correct option b and e ) Add NaCl to the inside of the cell until it contains 0.5M NaCl and Add sucrose to the cell until it contains 1M sucrose.
Two solutions are isotonic to each other if the have the same osmotic pressure.
Since the cell is impermeable to sucrose, sodium and chloride ion outside the cell, For the solution inside the cell to be isoosmotic to the solution outside the cell, same 1M of sucrose should be added to the solution inside the cell to balance osmotic pressure.
If osmolarity is the concentration of a solution expressed as the total number of moles per litre, also the addition of an ionic 0.5M Na+Cl- to the solution inside the cell will also balance the osmotic pressure.
0.5M if NaCl will dissociate and create an equivalent 1M osmotic pressure inside the cell.
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Full Question :A cell containing only pure water is placed into a solution containing 1M sucrose. The cell's membrane is impermeable to water, sucrose, sodium ions and chloride ions. How could you make the cell isosmotic to the outside solution? Choose all of the correct answers. a. Add NaCl to the inside of the cell until it contains 1M NaCl. b. Add NaCl to the inside of the cell until it contains 0.5M NaCl. c. Increase the number of sodium channels on the cell membrane. d. Increase the active transport of water out of the cell. e. Add sucrose to the cell until it contains 1M sucrose.
In a patch of animal cell membrane about 10 μm in area, which will be true?A) There will be more proteins than lipids.B) There will be about an equal number of proteins and lipids.C) There will be more carbohydrates than lipids.D) There will be more lipids than proteins.E) Because the lipid bilayer acts as a two-dimensional fluid, there is no way to predict the relative numbers of proteins and lipids in any patch of cell membrane.
In a patch of animal cell membrane about 10 μm in area - B) There will be about an equal number of proteins and lipids.
How much protein and fat does the plasma membrane contain?The majority of plasma membranes are composed of roughly 50% lipid and 50% protein by weight; the carbohydrate components of glycolipids and glycoproteins make up 5–10% of the membrane composition.
In a cell membrane, which lipid is the most prevalent?phospholipids-
The phospholipids are the most prevalent type of membrane lipid. Two hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails and a polar head group are present.
Typically, the tails are fatty acids, and they might vary in length (they normally contain between 14 and 24 carbon atoms). One tail is typically unsaturated (containing one or more cis-double bonds), whereas the other tail is not (i.e., it is saturated). Figure 10-2 demonstrates how each double bond causes a slight kink in the tail. The fluidity of the membrane is affected by variations in the length and saturation of the fatty acid tails because these factors affect how tightly phospholipid molecules may pack together.
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Was Julian the only chemist working on the synthesis of physostigmine?
In 11 synthetic stages, Julian and Josef Pikl, a chemical assistant, put together physostigmine starting with phenacetin. The three-year endeavor was chronicled in a number of publications published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society.
The parasympathomimetic alkaloid physostigmine, commonly known as eserine from éséré, the West African name for the Calabar bean, is very poisonous and acts as a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor. It naturally exists in the fruit of the Manchineel tree and the Calabar bean.
Percy Lavon Julian and Josef Pikl created the substance for the first time in 1935. It is offered in the United States as eserine salicylate and eserine sulfate, as well as under the brand names Antilirium and Isopto Eserine.
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Fish eat different larvae found in the water. The fisherman eats the fish and the transfer of energy moves through the food chain. Where does the energy originate or begin?
Responses
A the fishthe fish
B the humanthe human
C the sunthe sun
D the larvae
Option A is Correct. The sun is the source of the energy. Snapper and grouper populations will decline as a result of the lionfish eating their different larvae.
The local fishermen will thus need to find alternative sources of income. The food chain get affected by invading species among themself. Each type of living thing has the potential to become invasive. It could be a kind of plant, a bug, a fish, a fungus, or a cane toad that resembles an amphibian.
Even non-native organisms that are harmful to ecosystems can leave behind seeds or eggs. The environment, human health, and the economy may all be harmed by these animals. Species that spread aggressively, develop swiftly, breed, and are given the label of "invasive" are considered to be such.
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Correct Question:
Fish eat different larvae found in the water. The fisherman eats the fish and the transfer of energy moves through the food chain. Where does the energy originate or begin? A) the sun B) the fish C) the larvae D) the human.
How do you think temperature affects sound in the global ocean?
Answer:
Explanation:
Temperature affects sound speed in the global ocean. The speed of sound in water increases as the temperature increases, and decreases as the temperature decreases. This is because sound waves travel faster in denser materials, and water is denser at higher temperatures. As a result, in warmer water, sound waves can travel faster and farther, while in cooler water, they may travel more slowly and not as far. This can have implications for underwater sound communication and detection, as well as for marine life that uses sound for navigation and communication.
Which part of the cell is responsible for assembling proteins?
Answer:
Ribosomes
Explanation:
hope this helps!
The attachment point on the chromosome for spindle microtubules is the: a.telomere. b.centromere. c.origin of replication. d.sister chromatid. e.allele.
b.centromere. The chromosomal region known as the centromere is where the kinetochore, the attachment site for spindle fibres, is created.
It is in charge of ensuring that chromosomes are properly segregated during cell division. Telomeres locate chromosomes in the cell nucleus and guard chromosomal ends from enzymatic fusions and destruction. For each linear chromosome to function properly, centromeres and telomeres are components that are essential to that process.
Most often, highly condensed heterochromatin areas are used to characterise telomeres and centromeres. Centromeres and telomeres, on the other hand, have a special epigenetic makeup because they have been found to contain both eu- and heterochromatin-specific epigenetic changes. The proper operation of both areas is made possible by this specificity, which affects chromosome homeostasis.
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Two plants that produce orange-colored fruits are crossed. Of the resulting offspring, 50% produce orange fruit, 25% produce red fruit, and 25% produce yellow fruit. Identify the genotypes of the parents and explain how the offspring could produce different-colored fruits than the parents.
The offspring produced by the cross of two orange-fruited plants producing a mix of orange, red, and yellow fruit is an indication of the presence of multiple alleles controlling fruit color.
Alleles are different versions of a gene, and in this case, the parents are likely heterozygous for the gene-controlling fruit color, meaning they have two different alleles.
The parent plants could have the genotype RrO, where R is the dominant allele for red fruit color, r is the recessive allele for yellow fruit color, and O is the dominant allele for orange fruit color. When these heterozygous plants are crossed, the offspring have a 50% chance of inheriting the RrO genotype, which results in orange fruit, and a 25% chance each of inheriting the Rr and rrO genotypes, which result in red and yellow fruit, respectively.
This pattern of inheritance demonstrates how offspring can display traits that are different from their parents when they inherit different combinations of alleles. The mixing of alleles through sexual reproduction results in genetic diversity, which can increase the survival chances of populations in changing environments.
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Did animal-mediated fertilization originate with flowering plants, or was this mode of sperm dispersal likely in place before the origin of flowering plants?
Animals were probably involved in fertilisation long before flowering plants. For instance, mosses, which were some of the earliest land plants, were fertilised by animals. Moss sperm can swim a short distance to fertilise an egg because they are mobile.
Porogamy. The majority of angiosperms, or blooming plants, fertilise using this method. The pollen tube penetrates the ovule thru the micropyle in this method of fertilisation. Animals were probably involved in fertilisation long before flowering plants. For instance, mosses, which were some of the earliest land plants, were fertilised by animals. Moss sperm can swim a short distance to fertilise an egg because they are mobile.Strassburger made the initial discovery of fertilisation of flowering plants in 1884. The stigma of the pistil is where the pollen grains were initially released from the anther. They begin to grow there and develop into pollen tubes, which descend through the style and head for the ovules.
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What is the difference between serosanguinous and sanguineous?
serosanguineous (containing blood; may also be present in a healthy, healing wound)
sanguineous (primarily blood),
What is cephal medical term ?
The term "cephal" is a medical term meaning "head".
It is typically used when referring to the anatomy of the head or skull.
For example, the cephalic region is a term used to describe the area of the head which includes the face, cranium, and scalp.
It is derived from the Greek word "kephalē" which means "head." This term is often used in medical terminology to describe conditions or procedures that involve the head. For example, "cephalalgia" is a medical term for headache, "cephalic" refers to the head or skull, and "cephalometry" is the measurement of the head. In summary, cephal is a medical term that is used to describe anything related to the head or skull.
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Which of the following interactions causes plants to bend towards the light?
Plants bend towards the light due to a phenomenon known as phototropism.
What is phototropism?Phototropism is the growth response of a plant to light. The plant hormones, such as auxins, play a crucial role in the bending of the plant towards the light source.
The auxins are unevenly distributed in the plant cells, with a higher concentration on the shaded side. This causes the cells on the shaded side to grow longer, resulting in the bending of the plant towards the light source.
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Which of the following plants produces seeds but not flowers? a Maize b Mint c Peepal d Pinus
Pinus is basically a gymnosperm which produces the seeds but does not produce flowers.
The correct option is option d.
Gymnosperms are basically categorized as the seed producing plants, but unlike the case of angiosperms, they produce seeds without the flowers or fruits. These plants basically develop on the surface of the scales or surface of leaves, or even at the end of stalks and form a cone-like structure.
Gymnosperms are the plants in which ovules are not found to be enclosed within an ovary wall, unlike what is seen in the case of angiosperms. It remains exposed before as well as after the fertilization and also before developing into seed. Pinus is a gymnosperm which bears na-ked seeds but not a flower.
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A student completes a PET experiment using chloroplasts from leaves lacking pigments that absorb in the 550 nm to 600 nm wavelength range. Which color of light should they avoid in their experiment if they want to measure activity at different wavelengths? a. Blue b. Orange c. Yellow d. Red e. Violet
The student should avoid light in the wavelength range of 550-600 nm due to lack of pigments.
To measure the activity of the chloroplasts at different wavelengths, the student needs to use a broad range of light wavelengths and avoid using a specific wavelength of light that the chloroplasts cannot absorb.
Of the options given, red light (which has a wavelength range of 620 nm to 750 nm) would be the best choice to avoid in the experiment. This is because red light is absorbed strongly by chlorophyll a and b, which are the primary pigments involved in photosynthesis, and it may interfere with the measurement of activity at other wavelengths.
On the other hand, blue, orange, yellow, and violet light are not strongly absorbed by chlorophylls and can be used in the experiment to measure activity at different wavelengths.
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What are the 2 stages of the cell cycle explain each?
What three phases make up interphase?
What happens at the DNA synthesis phase?
Why is the DNA synthesis stage important?
Answer: The cell cycle is the series of events that a cell goes through as it grows and divides into two daughter cells. It is divided into two stages: Interphase and the Mitotic phase.
Interphase is the stage of the cell cycle when the cell grows and replicates its DNA. It is divided into three phases:
G1 phase - the cell grows and performs its normal functions.
S phase (DNA Synthesis) - the cell replicates its DNA.
G2 phase - the cell continues to grow and checks for DNA damage before moving on to the next stage of the cell cycle.
DNA Synthesis phase (S phase) is the stage in which the cell replicates its DNA, preparing for cell division. During this phase, the cell's DNA is replicated to create a complete set of chromosomes for each of the daughter cells.
The DNA synthesis stage is important because it ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic information. This allows the daughter cells to function normally and ensures the continuation of the species. If DNA replication is not accurately completed, the daughter cells may be damaged, leading to mutations and potentially harmful effects on the organism.
Explanation:
What is fermentation in biology?
Fermentation is another anaerobic(non-oxygen-requiring) pathway for breaking down glucose, one that is performed by numerous types of organisms and cells.
In fermentation, the only energy birth pathway is glycolysis, with one or two redundant responses turned on at the end. turmoil and cellular respiration begin the same way, with glycolysis. In turmoil, still, the pyruvate made in glycolysis doesn't continue through oxidation and the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain doesn't run.
Because the electron transport chain is not functional. turmoil is the process in which a substance breaks down into a simpler substance. turmoil refers to the metabolic process by which organic motes( substantially carbohydrates, similar as bounce or a sugar) are converted into acids, feasts, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen or any electron transport chain.
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Why should we focus more on growing trees rather than
simply planting trees? Use at least three details from the
text in your answer.
We should focus more on growing trees rather than simply planting trees because mature trees provide a good source to the economy along with reducing the bills.
Why should we focus on planting trees?Trees definitely deliver a significant contribution to their surroundings by giving oxygen, sustaining species, improving air quality, saving water, maintaining soil, and reducing climate change.
It provides more than it gets by concentrating on its principal job of photosynthesis. Trees always provide many resources, such as food, to a community. Trees mitigate the Urban Heat Island Effect and store and sequester carbon. They are important for habitat.
They also have a high rate of photosynthesis through which oxygen is liberated at a fast rate.
Therefore, we should ultimately focus more on growing trees rather than simply planting trees.
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the energy required to change a solid into a liquid is known as the heat of ____.a.) vaporization
b.) sublimation
c.) fusion
d.) fission
e.) condensation
The energy required to change a solid into a liquid is known as the heat of fusion. The correct answer is C.
Heat of fusion is the amount of energy required to change a substance from a solid to a liquid at its melting point, while maintaining constant temperature and pressure.
When a solid absorbs heat, its temperature increases until it reaches the melting point. At this point, the heat energy absorbed is used to break the intermolecular bonds holding the solid together, resulting in a phase change from solid to liquid.
Heat of fusion is an important concept in many industrial processes, such as melting of metals, melting of ice for drinking water, and melting of wax for making candles.
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What is the most important purpose of photosynthesis to plants?-to store energy in the chemical bonds of glucose-to create oxygen to be used by heterotrophs-to create sunlight-to create carbon dioxide
The key function of photosynthesis is to convert solar energy into chemical energy and then store that chemical energy for the future use.
What is the purpose of photosynthesis to plants?The primary purpose of photosynthesis is to convert radiant energy from sun into chemical energy that can be used for food. Cellular respiration is a process that occurs in mitochondria of organisms to break down sugar in the presence of oxygen and to release energy in form of ATP.
Plants are autotrophs and they use the process of photosynthesis to transform water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide into oxygen, and simple sugars that the plant can use as fuel. These primary producers form the base of ecosystem and fuel next trophic levels.
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why the plant obtains phosphorus and micronutrients from this beneficial symbiotic relationship?
Plants require nitrogen to produce a lot of leaves and a vibrant green colour. Plants use phosphorus to create new roots, seeds, fruit, and blooms. It is also used by plants to fight illness.
What advantages do micronutrients provide for plants?Micronutrients encourage crops to grow vigorously and steadily, which boosts yields and improves the quality of the harvest while optimising a plant's genetic potential. Their presence can have a significant effect on a variety of plant processes, including root development, fruit setting and grain filling, seed viability, and plant vigour and health.
How do plants get the nutrients phosphorous and nitrogen?The plant absorbs nitrogen, phosphate, and other minerals from the soil by mycorrhization, including zinc and copper. The fungus draws these nutrients from rotting matter.
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why can humans dissipate heat so well, compared to other animals?
More extensive cutaneous blood vessels than in any other animal can be found in humans.
How can animals get their body heat out?Water from the skin, tongue, and nose of land animals is frequently lost to evaporation into the atmosphere. Evaporation can serve as a cooling technique by removing heat. For instance, many mammals have the ability to improve evaporative cooling in response to elevated body temperatures by triggering systems like sweating and panting.
What are the deep pressure-sensing dermal sensory structures?The receptors in the epidermal layer of skin are known as Pacinian corpuscles. These really are mechanoreceptors that really can detect high-frequency vibrations and pressure.
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a compound machine is a combination of two or more. true or false?
A compound machine is one that is composed of many fundamental machines. Compound machines like a wheelbarrow or corkscrew solely consist of simple machines.
What does a compounding device actually do?A compound machine is one that is composed of many fundamental machines. Compound machines like a wheelbarrow or corkscrew solely consist of simple machines. Large compound devices like autos are composed of several simple machines.
What kinds of machines fall under the compound category?A machine made up of two or more basic machines is referred to as a compound machine. Compound machines include tools like clippers, a manual pencil sharpener, cranes, and bulldozers.
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What system are the Cranial nerves a part of?
In the back of your brain, the cranial nerves start. Your neurological system depends on them in important ways. Your brain is connected to 12 pairs of nerves, 11 of which are located in your peripheral nervous system.
These are known as cranial nerves (the second cranial nerve, which controls your vision, is part of your central nervous system). In terms of anatomy, your brain, not your somatic nervous system, is what the cranial nerve (CN) II, which links to your eyes, is.
The 31 spinal nerves that make up your somatic nervous system are connected further down. Your body's nerves, which travel throughout it, branch out from the spinal nerves in more ways.
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Nondisjunction that leads to problems in offspring can occur in:meiosis I and II
During cell division (mitosis/meiosis), nondisjunction occurs when sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes are unable to correctly separate from one another.
A pair of homologous chromosomes failing to split in meiosis I, sister chromatids failing to separate in meiosis II, and sister chromatids failing to separate in mitosis are the three types of nondisjunction. Sister chromatids or homologous chromosomal pairs fail to split during meiosis, resulting in nondisjunction. With the parents' ages, the likelihood of nondisjunction rises.
Meiosis I and II both have nondisjunction, but the outcomes are different. There will be two gametes without the homologous chromosome and two gametes with two copies of it if homologous chromosomes fail to split during meiosis I.
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True or false? A woman's ovum will complete meiosis II only if fertilization has occurred.
A woman's ovum will complete meiosis II only if fertilization has occurred.----- True
When a sperm cell fertilizes the female ovum in the oviduct or fallopian tube, meiosis is complete.
What does fertilized egg mean?The next step is to fertilize the egg. The process by which a single sperm gradually penetrates an egg's layers to form a new cell is referred to as fertilization. This can take up to 24 hours and usually happens in the fallopian tubes.
What does fertilized sperm mean?To move the sperm toward the fallopian tubes, the uterus and sperm cooperate. The sperm and egg can join together if an egg is moving through your fallopian tubes at the same time. Before it dies, the sperm has up to six days to join an egg.
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pelase write the human organs list
The brain, The lungs, The bladder, The kidneys, The heart, The stomach are the internal human organs list.
An organ is a collection of tissues connected together in a structural unit to serve a common purpose in biology. An organ is located between tissue and an organ system in the biological hierarchy. Tissues are made up of cells of the same type that work together to perform a purpose.
Tissues of many sorts join together to form an organ with a specific function. The gut wall, for example, is made up of epithelial and smooth muscle tissue. An organ system, also known as a biological system or body system, is made up of two or more organs that operate together to provide a certain physiological function.
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Full Question: Please write the internal human organs list?
in a dna strand successive nucleotides are linked by?
a. oxygen bonds
b. nitrogen bonds
c. hydrogen bonds
A polymer or nucleotides called DNA is joined to one another by three to five phosphodiester bonds.
What holds the DNA's nucleotides together?Nucleotides make up DNA and RNA, and they are connected to each other in a sequence via chemical interactions between their neighbouring nucleotides' phosphate groups and sugar bases, known as ester bonds. Each nucleotide has a sugar at its 3' end and a phosphate at its 5' end.
Are phosphodiester bonds used to connect nucleotides?When nucleotides were incorporated onto DNA, a phosphodiester bond forms between neighbouring nucleotides, which is a covalent binding between a nucleotide's 5' phosphate group and its 3'-OH group (see below). Each DNA strand thus has a phosphate-sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate "backbone".
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