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Answer:

Dendral was the first expert system developed to determine the chemical structure of molecules.

The order of internal organization from lowest to highest degree is; cell <  tissue < organ < organ system

The complexity of the parts that compose an organism lays the bedrock for the classification of life. Some organisms are composed only of one cell while others are composed of many complex systems.

The order of internal organization from lowest to highest degree is; cell <  tissue < organ < organ system

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Missing parts:

Place the items in order from lowest to highest degree of internal organization.

1.organ system

2.tissue

3.cell

4.organ

Answer:

I think the element is carbon and the atomic mass is 12.011

Nylon, a polyamide, is produced from hexanedi-amine and a substance, x. This substance, x, is most probably a carboxylic acid.

A polymer containing repeating units connected by amide bonds being called a polyamide. Both naturally occurring and synthetic polyamides are found. Proteins found in materials like wool and silk were examples of naturally produced polyamides.

The term "nylon" refers to a family of polymeric materials made up of polyamides. Nylon would be a silk-like thermoplastic that may be formed into threads, films, or other shapes. It is often manufactured from petroleum.

Therefore, Nylon, a polyamide, is produced from hexanedi-amine and a substance, x. This substance, x, is most probably a carboxylic acid.

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The molecular formula of dye:

A major textile dye manufacturer developed a new yellow dye with a molecular formula [tex]C_{15}N_{3}H_{15}[/tex].

Given:

Percentage composition:

C = 75.95%

N = 17.72%

H = 6.33%

Molar mass = 240 g

To find: molecular formula of dye

Calculation:

Let's assume the mass of the compound is 100 gm.

So,  Mass of C = 75.95 gm

Mass of N = 17.72 gm

Mass of H = 6.33 gm

The number of moles = given mass/mass

Therefore, the number of moles of C = 75.95/12 = 6.33

The number of moles of N = 17.72/14 = 1.27

Number of moles of H =6.33/1 = 6.33

Simplest ratio:

C = 6.33/1.27 = 4.98 =5

N = 1.27/1.27 = 1

H = 6.33/1.27 = 4.98 =5

Therefore, the empirical formula is [tex]C_{5}NH_{5}[/tex]

The mass of empirical formula = 12 x 5 + 14 + 1 x 5 = 79 gm

Number of moles= molar mass/ empirical formula

n = 240/79 = 3.04 =3

Therefore, molecular formula = empirical formula x n

Hence, molecular formula = [tex]C_{15}N_{3}H_{15}[/tex]

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Answer:

in order of increasing atomic number, or the number of protons in an atom's nucleus, which generally coincides with increasing atomic mass

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When reactants are mixed and heated and liquid collects in the sidearm of the apparatus, a chemical reaction is occurring.

A chemical reaction is said to occur when reactants are combined to form products. We must note that the formation of products is evidenced by;

Hence,  when reactants are mixed and heated and liquid collects in the sidearm of the apparatus, a chemical reaction is occurring.

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Answer: The mass of mercury will be 57.5 micrograms.

The given question deals with Analytical Chemistry where Concentration is asked here.

Concentration: Generally concentration is defined as amount of the substance per unit volume. Concentration is also expressed in parts per million(ppm) when it is a small quantity as in case of mercury content in fish.

Explanation:   Given mass of the fish = 250 g,

                         ppm = 0.23

               Now mass of mercury = 0.23 ppm × 250 g                                                        

                                                     = 0.23/1,000,000 × 250g

                                                    =0.23×250/1,000,000 g

                                                    = 0.0000575 g

                                                    =57.5 micrograms

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The idea is to foretell the formation of a carbonyl compound by the reaction between alcohol and too much pyridinium chlorochromate. An oxidizing agent called pyridinium chlorochromate converts the alcohol group into the 1carbonyl group.

The carbonyl molecule that results from the reaction will depend on the reactant's OH group. Pyridinium chlorochromate [PCC] converts primary OH to aldehydes, whereas it converts secondary OH to ketones, and oxidation of tertiary OH has little effect. Alcohols and pyridinium chlorochromate [PCC] react to create a carbonyl molecule.

From primary alcohols to aldehydes and from secondary alcohols to ketones, pyridinium chlorochromate oxidizes alcohols one step up the oxidation ladder. pyridinium chlorochromate will not oxidize aldehydes to carboxylic acids, in contrast to chromic acid. Comparable to Pyridine (the Collins reagent) and CrO3 will both oxidize primary alcohols to aldehydes. Here are two instances of pyridinium chlorochromate being used.

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The solubility of lead(II) chloride is 0.45 g/100 mL of solution. The value of  [tex]K_{sp}[/tex] of [tex]PbCl_{2}[/tex]  is 1.7×[tex]10^{-5}[/tex] .

So, option C is correct one.

Calculation,

Number of moles of [tex]PbCl_{2}[/tex]  = mass/molar mass = 0.45/278.1 = 1.618×[tex]10^{-3}[/tex] moles

Concentration of [tex]Pb^{+2}[/tex] and [tex]Cl^{-}[/tex] ion

Molarity  of [tex]Pb^{+2}[/tex] = Number of moles of solute /volume in lit

Molarity  of [tex]Pb^{+2}[/tex] = 1.618×[tex]10^{-3}[/tex] moles /0.1 lit = 0.0162 M

[tex]PbCl_{2}[/tex] →  [tex]Pb^{+2}[/tex] +  2[tex]Cl^{-}[/tex]

For certain amount of  [tex]Pb^{+2}[/tex] , twice this amount of  [tex]Cl^{-}[/tex] ion formed.

The concentration of   [tex]Cl^{-}[/tex] ion formed = 2× 0.0162 M = 0.0324 M

Now,

The solubility of lead(II) chloride of solution = 0.45 g/100 mL

[tex]K_{sp}[/tex] of [tex]PbCl_{2}[/tex] = [ [tex]Pb^{+2}[/tex] ][tex][Cl^{-}]^{2}[/tex] = 0.0162 ×[tex][0.0324 ]^{2}[/tex] =  1.7×[tex]10^{-5}[/tex] .

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Engine cooling fluid is a mixture of antifreeze and water.

Hence option (d) is correct.

A liquid mixture of water and antifreeze called engine coolant is kept in your car's radiator.

Any compound that lowers water's freezing point is considered antifreeze and protects a system against the negative effects of ice formation.

Radiators are protected from deterioration by antifreezes, which are frequently added to water in car cooling systems.

It keeps your engine from freezing in extremely cold weather or overheating in hot weather, both of which can cause serious problems for an engine.

Although it's standard practice to combine water and antifreeze 50/50 in a car's cooling system, this guideline is not inflexible.

Mixtures can be changed to either raise the boiling point or lower the freezing point limit due to the wide range of weather conditions that cars can operate in.

Hence, Engine cooling fluid is a mixture of antifreeze and water.

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In an ionic lattice, atoms are packed together in a regular cubic arrangement; option A.

An ionic compound is a compound which is composed of oppositely-charged ions which are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction.

The properties of ionic compound include:

Ionic lattices have regular structural patterns consisting of atoms arranged in a regular repeating pattern, usually a cube. There are several cubic structures in ionic lattices.

In conclusion, ionic lattices are regular repeating arrangement of atoms. Ionic lattices are usually arranged in the form of cubic crystal.

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Answer:

cool the tractor water system

The production of a gas is different because unlike the heating curve, there was no heat applied to this experiment, and the experiment was a chemical reaction.

This shows the relationship between the temperature of the heating system and the air temperature in the outer environment.

The chemical reaction emitted heat as against the other which involved heat application which is why water formation in this curve was different.

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Two optical isomers can form:

An equimolar mixture of two optical isomers is called a racemic mixture.

What is a Racemic mixture?

An equimolar mixture of two enantiomers that is optically inactive is known as a racemic mixture (or racemate) (i.e. does not rotate plane-polarized light).

The racemic mixture can be created by:

The light that is plane-polarized does not spin in an optically inactive mixture.

Since each enantiomer rotates plane-polarized light to an equal and opposite extent, an equimolar mixture of two enantiomers will typically result in a racemic mixture. There won't be any net rotation if they are both present in equal proportions.

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Answer:

C.) H₂O and K₂SO₄

Explanation:

This appears to be a double-displacement reaction. In these reactions, the cation of one substance is swapped with the cation of another.

So, K⁺ from KOH is swapped with the H⁺ from H₂SO₄. The new compounds should have an overall charge of 0. Therefore, it may be necessary to modify the amount of each ion (not just be 1:1).

K₂SO₄
-----> K⁺ and SO₄²⁻

-----> + 1 + 1 + (-2) = 0

H₂O

-----> H⁺ and OH⁻

-----> + 1 + (-1) = 0

Galaxies is not the part of the Solar system.

Hence, Option B is correct answer.

Solar System is made up of all the planets that revolve around our Sun. Solar System contains eight planets. These planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

Now lets check all options one by one

Option (A): Jovian Planets

Outer planets are called Jovian planets. These planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. So Jovian Planets are part of the Solar System.

Hence, Option A is incorrect.

Option (B): Galaxies

Galaxy has a black hole at its center. It is a huge collection of dust, billions of star and gas. So galaxies are not a part of the Solar system.

Hence, Option B is incorrect.

Option (C): Terrestrial Planets

Innermost planets in solar system are Terrestrial planets. These planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. So Terrestrial planets are part of the Solar system.

Hence, Option C is incorrect.

Option (D): Sun

The Sun is the part of the Solar system as it is the only star in our Solar system. Sun is the center of our Solar system.

Hence, Option D is incorrect.

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that Galaxies is not the part of the Solar system.

Hence, Option B is correct answer.

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From the balanced redox equation of the reaction, the coefficient of OH⁻ is 8.

A redox equation is the equation of a redox reaction in which oxidation and reduction occurs simultaneously.

The given redox reaction takes place in a basic solution

The balanced redox equation of the reaction is given below:

4 H₂O(l) + 3 S²⁻(aq) + 2 NO₃⁻(aq) ---> 3 S(s) + 2 NO + 8 OH⁻(aq)

In conclusion, a redox equation is balanced when oxidation and reduction occur to the same extent.

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When enzyme activity rate has reached stability, an increase in the enzyme concentration will not make any difference in the enzyme rate.

Enzyme are proteins that act as biological catalysts.

Enzyme activity is measured in micromoles of substrate converted (or product generated) per minute, which represents the rate of reaction catalyzed by that enzyme.

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When enzyme activity rate has reached stability, an increase in the enzyme concentration will not make any difference in the enzyme rate.

Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts.

Enzyme activity is measured in micromoles of substrate converted (or product generated) per minute, which represents the rate of reaction catalyzed by that enzyme.

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As a reaction proceeds toward equilibrium from reactants to products, the value of Q is Increasing

Equilibrium can exist in chemical processes (the products and reactants are produced at the same rate). In a reversible chemical reaction, chemical equilibrium is the state in which there is no net change in the quantity of reactants or products. When a chemical reaction is reversible, the products react with the original reactants as soon as they are created.

There is no net change in the quantity of the chemicals involved when the two opposing reactions are in equilibrium because they are occurring at identical rates, or velocities. At this point, the reaction may be deemed to be finished, meaning that the maximum amount of reactants to products has been converted under the given reaction conditions.

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If the product of the process is Th-234, the we now know that the original atom must be U-238.

An alpha decay is said to occur when there is the loss of an alpha particle from an atom. Now we know that  when there is a loss of an alpha particle, the mass number is decreased by 4 four units while the atomic number is decreased by two units.

If the product of the process is Th-234, the we now know that the original atom must be U-238. It is found two places after the thorium atom in the periodic table.

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answer - Albert Einstein

explanation -

Albert Einstein is arguably the most influential scientist of the 20th century. His … general theory of relativity changed our understanding of space and time, becoming one of the two pillars of modern physics – the other being quantum mechanics.

Answer:

1.15 moles H₂

Explanation:

To find the moles of H₂ gas, you need to use the Ideal Gas Law equation. The equation looks like this:

PV = nRT

In this equation,

-----> P = pressure (atm)

-----> V = volume (L)

-----> n = moles

-----> R = Ideal Gas Constant (0.08206 L*atm/mol*K)

-----> T = temperature (K)

Before you can plug the given values into the equation and simplify, you need to convert Celsius to Kelvin.

P = 0.923 atm                     R = 0.08206 L*atm/mol*K

V = 29.6 L                           T = 17.0 °C + 273.15 = 290.15 K

n = ? moles

PV = nRT

(0.923 atm)(29.6 L) = n(0.08206 L*atm/mol*K)(290.15 K)

27.3208 = n(23.809709)

1.15 = n

electrical conductivity is the kind of defect or dislocation a carbon in a ti metal lattice represents.

The electrical conductivity of a metal is the result of the movement of charged particles. Atoms of metal elements are electrons in the outer shell of the atom and are characterized by the presence of valence electrons that can move freely around

Staircase dislocations and Lomer-Cottrell dislocations are examples of fixed dislocations. The two main types of movable dislocations are blade dislocations and spiral dislocations. The blade dislocations can be visualized as being caused by the termination of the atomic plane at the center of the crystal.

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The 0.25 volume in liters of 1.0 M [tex]K_{2}CO_{3}[/tex] solution is required to provide 0.5 moles of [tex]K[/tex](aq).

Calculation,

The Potassium carbonate dissolves as follows:

[tex]K_{2}CO_{3}(s)[/tex] → [tex]2K(aq) +[/tex][tex]CO_{3}^{-2} (aq)[/tex]

The mole ratio is 1: 2

It means, the 1 mole [tex]K_{2}CO_{3}[/tex] required to form 2 mole of [tex]K[/tex](aq).

To provide 0.5 mole of [tex]K[/tex](aq) = 1 mole ×0.5 mole /2 mole required by [tex]K_{2}CO_{3}[/tex].

To provide 0.5 mole of [tex]K[/tex](aq) ,0.25 mole required by [tex]K_{2}CO_{3}[/tex].

The morality of  [tex]K_{2}CO_{3}[/tex] = 1 M = number of moles / volume in lit

The morality of  [tex]K_{2}CO_{3}[/tex] =   1 M = 0.25 mole/ volume in lit

Volume in lit = 0.25 mole / 1 M = 0.25 mole/mole/lit = 0.25 lit

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The relevant coefficients for each species on the right side of the equation in order to balance the charges.

We can add a coefficient of 2 to HCO³⁻ and a coefficient of 1 to CO3- because the charges must cancel out: H₂CO₃ ⇌ 2HCO³⁻ + CO₃²⁻-

The charges balance is now: No initial charge

Charge total: 2(-1) + (-2) = -4

Due to the balance of the charges, the charge balance equation is as follows: H₂CO₃ ⇌ 2HCO³⁻- + CO₃²⁻.

,Thus, The charge balance equation is as follows: H₂CO₃ ⇌ 2HCO³⁻- + CO₃²⁻.

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chemical properties and same number of shell

Explanation:

elements in the same group have the same number of eletrons in their outermost shell and hence have the same chemical properties

Once hydrogen bonds form between every fourth amino acid in a polypeptide chain, the chain begins to twist into the secondary structure known as a(n) alpha helix.

Amino acids are organic compound. Amino acids contains amine and carboxyl functional group. Amino acids is the building block of life these are the molecules that combine to form proteins.

A unique sequence of amino acids joined by peptide bonds is called polypeptide.

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that Once hydrogen bonds form between every fourth amino acid in a polypeptide chain, the chain begins to twist into the secondary structure known as a(n) alpha helix.

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The average rate of the reaction over the first 450 seconds -2.2×10⁻³ M/s

Speed is defined as the rate of change of the distance moved with time. Mathematically, it can be expressed as:

Speed = distance / time

With the above idea, we can obtain the rate of the reaction as illustrated below:

Rate = Change in concentration / time

Rate = -1 / 450

Rate = -2.2×10⁻³ M/s

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D is correct for number 2. i just finished

explanation; i got it right