Explain the application of biology especially the role of microbiology and biotechnology for the growing public and global health needs
A, in the development effective diagnostics ,prevention ,and treatment measures including production of novel drugs and recombinant vaccine
B,in the production of nutritionally enriched genetically modified crops and anmimals to alloviate food insecurity which is a common dilemma particularly in underdeveloped countries

Answer and Explanation

a. Saccharomyces for Yeast: Saccharomyces is a genus of fungi in the family Saccharomycetaceae, and it is Latin for "sugar fungus." Yeast is a common type of fungus that ferments sugars to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide, so the genus name Saccharomyces is fitting for the species that make up this group of yeasts.

b. Rhododendron for Laligurans: Rhododendron is a genus of plants in the family Ericaceae, and is native to Asia. The name "Rhododendron" comes from the Greek words "rhodon" meaning rose and "dendron" meaning tree. The name refers to the many-petalled flowers that many of the species have.

Laligurans is a species of this genus, with beautiful flowers and found mainly in Himalayan region.

c. Spirogyra for Pond silk: Spirogyra is a genus of green algae in the order Zygnematales, commonly found in freshwater habitats. The name "Spirogyra" is derived from Greek words "spira" meaning coil and "gyros" meaning ring, referring to the spiral chloroplasts present in the cells. The common name "Pond silk" refers to the long, thin, green filaments that make up the algal mat.

d. Polymorphism, Metamorphism & Metaphase:

Polymorphism refers to the occurrence of more than one form of an organism in the same population.

Metamorphism refers to the process of transformation in the form of the organism during its life cycle.

Metaphase refers to a stage in the cell cycle when chromosomes align in the center of the cell during cell division.

e. Apospory, apogamy, apomixis, cytomixis:

Apospory refers to the development of a new individual from a cell other than a sperm or egg cell.

Apogamy refers to the development of an embryo from a cell other than a sperm or egg cell.

Apomixis refers to the development of a new individual from an asexual reproductive cell or structure.

Cytomixis refers to the mixing of genetic material during cell division.

f. Synandrous, Syncarpous, Syngenesious, Synapsis:

Synandrous refers to the condition in which multiple stamens are fused together, as in certain flowers.

Syncarpous refers to the condition where multiple carpels are fused together to form a single pistil.

Syngenesious refers to the condition in which the stamens are fused to the style, as in certain flowers

Synapsis refers to the physical alignment of homologous chromosomes during meiosis, leading to the exchange of genetic material.

Answer:

2, burning fossil fuels

Explanation:

When fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas are burned, they release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This process increases the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air, which is a greenhouse gas that can trap heat and contribute to global warming.

Biology, and specifically microbiology and biotechnology, play a crucial role in the growing public and global health need for effective diagnostics, prevention, and treatment measures, as well as in the production of nutritionally enriched genetically modified crops and animals to alleviate food insecurity.

A) In the development of effective diagnostics, prevention, and treatment measures:

Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, and it is an important field in the development of new diagnostic tests, vaccines, and therapies for infectious diseases. For example, microbiologists can use techniques such as bacterial culture and DNA sequencing to identify and characterize pathogenic microorganisms, which can help to identify outbreaks of infectious diseases and guide treatment decisions.

Biotechnology is the application of biological processes, such as fermentation and genetic engineering, to the production of products and technologies. It has played a significant role in the development of novel drugs and recombinant vaccines. For example, recombinant vaccines are produced using genetic engineering techniques to introduce a gene from a pathogen into a host organism, such as yeast or bacteria. The host organism produces the protein encoded by the pathogen's gene, and this protein can be used to create a vaccine. Recombinant vaccines have been developed for a number of infectious diseases, including hepatitis B, human papillomavirus (HPV), and influenza.

B) In the production of nutritionally enriched genetically modified crops and animals:

Biotechnology is also being used to produce nutritionally enriched genetically modified crops and animals to alleviate food insecurity, particularly in underdeveloped countries. For example, genetically modified crops can be engineered to contain higher levels of essential nutrients, such as vitamins and minerals, to help address malnutrition. Genetically modified animals can also be produced to produce nutritionally enriched food products, such as milk or eggs, or to be more resistant to diseases, which can help to improve the efficiency and sustainability of livestock production.

In all, the fields of microbiology and biotechnology have made significant contributions to the development of effective diagnostics, prevention, and treatment measures, as well as to the production of

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6.The signal strength, or "loudness," of a signal over time at different frequencies contained in a specific waveform is visually represented in a spectrogram.

The signal strength, or "loudness," of a signal over time at different frequencies contained in a specific waveform is represented visually in a spectrogram. One can observe how energy levels change over time in addition to determining whether there is more or less energy, for instance, at 2 Hz vs. 10 Hz.

The vertical axis or y-axis of the spectrogram view shows frequency in Hertz, the horizontal axis or x-axis denotes time (exactly like in the waveform display), and brightness denotes amplitude. The sine wave is represented by the bright orange curve while the background is black, which represents silence.

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Answer:

The plant cell converts the most food into energy because it contains chloroplasts, which are organelles that are responsible for photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process in which plants use light energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose. This glucose is then used as an energy source for the cell. The other cells do not contain chloroplasts and therefore cannot conduct photosynthesis, so they are not able to convert as much food into energy.

Explanation:

Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds are given below.

Transfer/Sharing of Electrons:

Ionic compounds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. Covalent compounds involve the sharing of electrons between two atoms.

Structures/ Shapes of Molecules:

Ionic compounds tend to form crystalline structures, while covalent compounds tend to form more complex and varied structures.

Hardness/Brittleness:

Ionic compounds tend to be brittle and are not malleable, while covalent compounds tend to be softer and more malleable.

Electrical Conductivity:

Ionic compounds tend to be electrical conductors in their solid state, while covalent compounds tend to be electrical insulators.

Melting/Boiling Points:

Ionic compounds tend to have higher melting and boiling points than covalent compounds.

Electronegativity & Polarity:

Ionic compounds are basically more polar than covalent compounds due to the unequal sharing of electrons.

Octet Rule:

The octet rule states that atoms tend to form covalent bonds in order to achieve an electron configuration of eight electrons in their outermost energy level. This is due to the stability of the noble gas configuration. Exceptions to the octet rule include molecules with an odd number of electrons, molecules with more than eight electrons in the outer shell, and molecules with expanded octets. Examples of these exceptions include BF3, PCl5, and SF6.

Lewis Dot Structure:

A Lewis dot structure is a diagram that represents the outermost electrons of an atom. It is drawn by placing dots representing the electrons around the chemical symbol of the element. This diagram is used to determine the geometry of the molecule and to predict the type of bonds that can form between atoms.

VSEPR:

VSEPR stands for Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion. It is a model that predicts the geometry of a molecule based on the number of electron pairs present around the central atom. A lone pair is a pair of electrons not shared between two atoms and is represented by two dots in a Lewis dot structure. Examples of compounds with lone pairs include water (H2O), ammonia (NH3), and sulfur dioxide (SO2).

The molecular shapes without any lone pairs are linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, and trigonal bipyramidal. The general formula without any lone pairs is AXn, where n is the number of atoms bonded to the central atom. Examples include CO2 (linear), BF3 (trigonal planar), CH4 (tetrahedral), and PCl5 (trigonal bipyramidal).

The molecular shapes with lone pairs are bent, trigonal pyramidal, T-shaped, and square planar. The general formula with any lone pairs is AXnE, where n is the number of atoms bonded to the central atom and E is the number of lone pairs. Examples include H2O (bent), NH3 (trigonal pyramidal), IF3 (T-shaped), and XeF4 (square planar).

What is a Covalent bond?

A covalent bond is a type of chemical bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons. This type of bond is generally formed between two non-metallic atoms, such as two oxygen atoms, or between two different elements. Covalent bonds are strong, stable, and tend to form molecules.

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Increasing the number of plants help you decrease error in the experiment through the following below:

This is referred to as a procedure which is usually carried out in the laboratory and it is used to support or refute a hypothesis.

Increasing the number of samples when performing an experiment will ensure that the results derived are more accurate which is because it reduces the significance of any single measurement error.

It also helps to ensure that unforeseen circumstances such as the death of the organism isn't a big deal as they can be replaced by other samples thereby making it the correct choice.

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Prokaryotes are less complex than eukaryotes and lack a nucleus. They also contain a flagellum outside of their cell.

Where does the DNA of prokaryotes reside?

Prokaryotes have a nucleoid in the center of the cell that houses the DNA but is not protected by a nuclear membrane. In addition to chromosomal DNA, many prokaryotes also possess smaller, circular DNA molecules known as plasmids, which can provide genetic benefits in particular situations.

Do prokaryotic chromosomes exist?

Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus, in contrast to eukaryotic cells. Instead, the nucleoid, a part of the cytoplasm, is where their genetic material is located. Typically, a prokaryotic cell contains just one circular, coiled chromosome.

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Answer:

Yes, working from home will have a future impact on urban sprawl. Working from home reduces the need for people to commute to their workplace, which in turn reduces the demand for housing in urban areas. This can lead to a decrease in urban sprawl, as fewer people are commuting to urban areas and thus fewer people are in need of housing. Additionally, with fewer people commuting to urban areas, there will be less traffic congestion, leading to a reduction in air pollution.

Explanation:

1. A physical change occurs when the chemical composition of a substance does not change, but only its physical properties. An example of this would be melting ice. A chemical change occurs when the chemical composition of a substance is altered. An example of this would be the formation of rust from iron.

2. In order to answer this I would need to see what tests the question is referring to.

But you could find one physical change and one chemical and use something like this:

Test 1:

A physical change occurred in Test 1. This is supported by the fact that the substance retained its original chemical composition but changed its form.

Test 2:

A chemical change occurred in Test 2. This is supported by the fact that a new substance was created which had a different chemical composition than the original substance.

In this instance, the zebra population will grow by 7% year, which suggests that growth has been accelerating ever since the number was counted.

LUCKNOW: On Thursday, three zebras moved into the zoo's enclosure, which had been empty for the previous six years. The most widespread zebra species in the world is the Grant's zebra.

A Boeing 747 will be used to transport the cheetahs. According to representatives from the ministry of environment, forest, and climate change, a total of Rs 96 crore has been set aside for the project (MoEFCC). Indian Oil has contributed an additional Rs 50 crore to the project.

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The fact that both light & sound are waves of energy is among the most crucial things to comprehend about both.While sound waves & light waves both travel as waves and are manifestations of energy, they differ significantly in important ways.Light and sound travel at very different rates.

Both light and sound energy travel as waves, which is how they are comparable to one another.They have such a wavelength, amplitude, and frequency, to put it another way.

The fact that both light & sound are waves of energy is among the most crucial things to comprehend about both.

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Answer: Dark Reaction

Explanation: Its the second stage of photosynthesis and it does not require light.

Three categories of insects that would likely be grouped into orders include:

Insects are a class of invertebrates within the arthropod phylum that have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax, and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes, and one pair of antennae.

There are over a million known species of insects, which are found in nearly every environment on Earth and play important roles in ecosystems as pollinators, decomposers, and food for other animals. Some examples of insects include ants, bees, beetles, butterflies, and flies.

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Answer:

The hair color of the offspring would be brown.

Explanation:

In addition to movement, arthropod appendages can be used for 'all of the above'.

What do you mean by arthropod appendages?

Arthropod appendages refer to the jointed legs, antennae, mouthparts, and other body parts of arthropods, such as insects, crustaceans, arachnids, and centipedes. These appendages are adapted for a variety of functions, such as locomotion, sensing the environment, and manipulating food and objects.

Arthropod appendages can be used for a variety of functions, including movement, feeding, defense, and sensory reception. They are equipped with various organs, such as antennae and mouthparts, that allow them to perform a variety of tasks.

Hence, option D is correct.

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Answer:

The liver.

Explanation:

The liver converts the majority of the alcohol into a substance called acetaldehyde, which is then further broken down into acetic acid and other byproducts. This process of metabolizing alcohol is what helps to reduce the concentration of alcohol in the blood and eliminate it from the body

Biosynthesis for growth; In matter movement, molecules come from leaves and plant system.

The production of complex molecules within living organisms or cells is known as biosynthesis. Chemical reactions and pathways that result in the formation of substances; typically the energy-intensive part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones.

Simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined to form macromolecules during biosynthesis. This procedure frequently involves metabolic pathways. Matter is cycled through the ecosystem via a series of food chains, food webs, and nutrient cycles. Because all organisms are interconnected, matter is transferred from one to another. These macro molecules come from leaves and plant system.

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All of an organism's characteristics are inheritable which evolves over millions of years. An example of this is the modern day horse's foot.

This is referred to as the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations and it occurs as a result of the changing environmental conditions which boost the chances of survival of organisms.

This leads to the prevention of the extinction of species in the ecosystem and an example is modern day horse's foot in which they lost their side toes and developed a single hoof as a result of them needing to cover more ground for grazing.

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Yes, a human with BPD (Borderline Personality Disorder) can be diagnosed with all the diseases listed above.

An individual's capacity to control their emotions is substantially compromised by a borderline personality disorder, a mental condition.

This breakdown in emotional regulation can make a person more impulsive, have a negative impact on how they feel about themselves, and damage their relationships with other people. It is possible to manage the symptoms of borderline personality disorder using efficient therapy.

Thus, a human with BPD (Borderline Personality Disorder) can be diagnosed with some other diseases, such as DID (Dissociative Identity Disorder), PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder), Anorexia, OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder), ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), Trichotillomania, GAD (Generalized Anxiety Disorder), Panic Disorder, MDD (Major Depressive Disorder), Body Dysmorphia, Insomnia.

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The scramble letters of the landforms that result from the movement of tectonic plates and related forces are:

The letters that is provided or spell out several landforms that result from the movement of tectonic plates and related forces are defined below:

Also, the "Fault-block" refers to a landform that is created when a block of land is raised or lowered along a fault line. The block that is lifted is called a horst, the block that sinks is called a graben

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To stop the transpiration of water, the stomata occasionally close.

Plants need to reduce transpiration to reduce water loss if they are to survive in a drought. Some plants that grow in arid environments have evolved to have smaller leaves and fewer stomatale sharp thorns as a result.

The leaves of these plants have a thick cuticle layer, which lessens transpirational water loss. Their extensive tap roots sink far into the soil to absorb water. Succulent plants store water in their stems, roots, leaves, and even fruits. Their waxy covering also prevents transpirational water loss.

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Answer:

Floating on tin

Answer:

Biology is a branch of science that deals with living organisms and their vital processes.

Explanation:

hope this helps

Answer: 3 is C

4 is C

5 is A

6 is B

7 is B

8 is B

9 is D

10 is C

Explanation:

The component of a vaccine that makes it effective is the antigen.

What is a Vaccine?

A vaccine is basically a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. It contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins or one of its surface proteins. Vaccines are designed to stimulate the body's own immune system to protect the person against subsequent infection or disease.

11) An antigen is a substance that causes the body to produce antibodies when it enters the body. These antibodies help the body recognize and fight the antigen if it enters the body again.

12) A vaccination is a way of introducing a weakened or killed version of a particular virus, bacteria, or toxin into the body. This weak or dead version of the virus, bacteria, or toxin stimulates the body's natural defense system to produce antibodies that are specific to that virus, bacteria, or toxin. These antibodies can then recognize and fight off the real virus, bacteria, or toxin if the body is ever exposed to it, thus preventing the individual from getting the disease. This is known as active immunity. The immunity created by the vaccination is typically long-lasting, and in many cases, lifelong.

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Answer:

reducing carbon emissions from cars and trucks