The sickle-cell gene does not benefit anyone in the United States, but it may be very advantageous to someone living in rural Zambia, Africa because Malaria is rare in the United States
Sickle cell disease: A group of disorders in which
red blood cells deform and collapse. In sickle cell disease, a group of inherited disorders, red blood cells twist and sickle. Cells die prematurely, lacking healthy red blood cells (sickle cell anemia) and can block blood flow and cause pain (sickle cell disease).
In parts of Africa where malaria is common, the sickle cell disease mutation confers a health benefit to carriers (protection from malaria). HbS carriers were naturally selected in these regions because their traits confer some resistance to malaria. Red blood cells with abnormal hemoglobin tend to sickle when infected with the malaria parasite.
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Which of the following statements is true about the Krebs (citric acid) cycle and the Calvin (light-independent) cycle?AThey both result in a net production of ATP and NADH.BThey both require a net input of ATP.CThey both result in a release of oxygen.DThey both take place within the cytoplasmic matrix.EThey both are carried out by enzymes located within an organelle matrix.
The statement which is true about the Krebs (citric acid) cycle and the Calvin cycle (light-independent) is: they both are carried out by enzymes located within an organelle matrix.
The Calvin cycle is a series of chemical events that converts carbon dioxide and hydrogen-carrier molecules into glucose. It is also referred to as the photosynthetic carbon reduction (PCR) cycle of photosynthesis, the dark reactions, the light-independent reactions, or the biosynthetic phase. Plants' stroma, the fluid-filled region of a chloroplast not shielded by thylakoid membranes, is where these processes take occur. These processes involve additional chemical steps that are applied to the byproducts of light-dependent reactions (ATP and NADPH). The Calvin cycle is present in all photosynthetic eukaryotes as well as a sizable number of photosynthetic bacteria.
The complete question is:
Which of the following statements is true about the Krebs (citric acid) cycle and the Calvin (light-independent) cycle?
A. They both result in a net production of ATP and NADH.
B. They both require a net input of ATP.
C. They both result in a release of oxygen.
D. They both take place within the cytoplasmic matrix.
E. They both are carried out by enzymes located within an organelle matrix.
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Group the items according to the type of respiration they describe.
The items:
Carbon dioxide by-product
Produces ATP
Uses oxygen
Fermentation
Takes place within cells
Does not use oxygen
Type of respiration:
Aerobic
Both
Anaerobic
Aerobic Process: Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide by-product
Anaerobic Process: Carbon Dioxide, Fermentation
Both: Produces ATP, Takes place in cells
What is Respiration and Types of Respiration?All organisms go through the metabolic process of breathing. It is a biological process that takes place inside of an organism's cells. The breakdown of glucose in this process results in the production of energy (ATP-Adenosine triphosphate), which is then utilised by cells to carry out numerous tasks. Respiration is a function of all living things, from simple single-celled creatures to dominant multicellular ones.
Let's take a closer look at the various types of respiration that organisms engage in.
Aerobic Respiration
It is a sort of energy-producing cellular respiration that occurs when there is oxygen present. Within the cells of both animals and plants, it is an ongoing process. The chemical equation can be used to describe this process:
Oxygen (6O2) + Glucose (6H12O6) + Carbon dioxide (6CO2) + Water (6H2O) + Energy (ATP)
Aerobic respiration takes place When there is oxygen.Aerobic respiration generates carbon dioxide and water as waste productsAerobic respiration generates more energyAnaerobic Respiration
In the absence of oxygen, it is a sort of cellular respiration that generates energy. Anaerobic respiration's chemical formula is
Alcohol 2(C2H5OH) + Carbon dioxide 2(CO2) + Energy = Glucose (C6H12O6) (ATP )
Anaerobic respiration does not takes place,whwn there is oxygen is present Anaerobic respiration generates alcohol, Anaerobic respiration generates less energy
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What enable bacteria to survive in a wide variety of habitats?
Bacteria are single-celled organisms having membrane-attached cell organelles instead of a true nucleus. The reason why bacteria may survive in harsh settings is because:
energy-generating enzymes
Endospores
tissue wall
Cyst
Bacteria have the following characteristics:
The primary property of the bacteria is their ability to develop a cyst, which protects them from harmful environmental elements.
For instance, the prokaryotic organism can survive in both hypertonic and hypotonic conditions because to its cell wall.
The bacteria also make endospores, which let them tolerate extremely high temperatures.
The bacteria create cold shock proteins that help them withstand freezing temperatures.
In order for bacteria to survive in harsh settings, protein synthesis, cyst development, and endospores are crucial.
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explain the stages of respiration in 3 steps (you may include more). You must use the following vocabulary words in your written explanations and underline them: oxygen, carbon dioxide, raw material, products, glucose, diffuse. make sure to define and state oxygen's role in the process and explain carbon dioxide and why it's a by-product. in addition, you must talk about fermentation and how it related to cellular respiration
Answer:
Steps of Respiration
1. Oxygen is inhaled into the body and diffuses across the alveoli in the lungs, where it is taken up by red blood cells. Oxygen is a vital raw material for cellular respiration, as it is required for the production of energy in the form of ATP.
2. Glucose, a simple sugar, is broken down through a series of chemical reactions known as glycolysis, producing ATP and other by-products such as pyruvate and NADH. If oxygen is present, pyruvate is further broken down through a process called the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle), producing even more ATP and NADH. If oxygen is not present, the breakdown of pyruvate through fermentation occurs instead.
3. Carbon dioxide is produced as a by-product of cellular respiration. It is a waste product of the breakdown of glucose and other organic molecules, and it is exhaled out of the body through the process of respiration. Fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen. It produces ATP through the breakdown of pyruvate, but at a lower yield compared to aerobic respiration. Fermentation also produces other by-products such as ethanol or lactic acid, depending on the type of fermentation taking place.
What are 2 reasons a mutation can happen?
Viral infection, mutagen exposure, or errors in DNA replication during cell division can all lead to mutations. Viral infection, mutagen exposure, or errors in DNA replication during cell division can all result in mutations.
Changes to an organism's DNA sequence are referred to as mutations. Somatic mutations those that take place in body cells cannot be passed on to progeny, whereas germline mutations those that happen in eggs and sperm can.
When the amount or arrangement of nucleotides in a gene is altered, mutations result. A nucleotide can be doubled, deleted, altered, replaced, or any combination of these changes. In general, mutation has little to no impact, but when it does, the change may be fatal or result in disease.A beneficial mutation will rise in frequency within a population until it becomes the norm.
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Protons and neutrons each have a mass of (blank) amu
(Middle school science)
The nucleus accounts for almost the entire mass of the atom of any element, which means that a single proton or neutron has an approximate mass of 1 AMU.
What is AMU?
An atomic mass unit is defined as accurately 1/12 the mass of carbon-12 atom. carbon-12 atom has six neutrons and six protons in its nucleus. It is represented as a.m.u or u (unified). It is unit of mass used to express atomic masses. 1 a.m.u is average of the proton rest mass and neutron rest mass.
Protons and neutrons both weigh about one atomic mass unit (amu). Isotopes of same element will have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
Protons carry single positive charge that have mass of one approximately one atomic mass unit. The atomic number is equal to number of protons found in an atom.
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In the biosphere, prey represent a food source for predators. An increase in the population of prey means more food for predators, which will
An increase in the population of prey means more food for predators, which will increase the predators' population.
A predator is an organism which gets its food from the host after killing. It does not live in constant association with the host and this is known as predation.
The population of predator is directly proportional to prey but the population of prey is inversely proportional to a predators population.
As the prey population increases, there is more food for predators. So, after a slight lag, the predator population increases as well. As the number of predators increases, more prey are captured. As a result, the prey population starts to decrease.
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What are 3 things that support the theory of evolution?
Fossil evidence, biogeographical evidence, and anatomical evidence were some of the many types of evidence that Darwin utilised to support his theory of evolution by natural selection.
We'll examine a variety of sources of information to examine the evidence for evolution, including both anatomy and embryology. An evolutionary heritage can be determined by similar anatomical traits between organisms, including those that are only observable during embryonic development.
Molecule biology We can tell how closely related two creatures are by comparing and contrasting the "same" gene in those animals (i.e., a pair of homologous genes).
Biogeography - We can retrace the evolutionary history of species by looking at their geographic distribution.
Fossils - However, it confirms the existence of now-extinct species and occasionally captures potential "in-between" species. The fossil record is not a complete record of evolutionary history, forms on the path if present day species.
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You’ve learned about the laws of thermodynamics. using examples, explain why the first and second laws are significant for living organisms.
The first law of thermodynamics in living things. The sun provides the energy for photosynthesis. Plant leaves have cells that take in light energy and transform it into chemical energy.
The second law states that when everything goes from order to disorder, entropy increases. Living organisms die when there is a systemic imbalance.
Glucose, which is needed to create the complex carbohydrates required to increase plant bulk, serves as a reservoir for the chemical energy.
The second law of thermodynamics has two statements: Clausius's claim A system that operates in a cycle and transfers heat from a low-temperature reservoir (or object) to a high-temperature reservoir (or object) without causing any outside influences or interacting with the environment is not conceivable to build.
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Attached ear lobe is a dominant trait. Cross two heterozygous parents for ear lobe attachment (Ee X Ee). What is the expected phenotypic ratio
Attached earlobes are a dominant trait. Cross between two heterozygous parents for earlobe attachment (Ee X Ee). The expected phenotypic ratio is 3:1.
Earlobe attachment is a dominant trait. So the dominant allele is represented as 'E' and the recessive allele is represented as 'e'. The homozygous individual will have a genotype EE and the heterozygous individual is represented as Ee.The cross between two heterozygous individuals as parents (Ee×Ee) will give 1EE(homozygous dominant):2Ee(heterozygous dominant):1ee(homozygous recessive).
Phenotypic ratio means the ratio of the morphological appearance in the offsprings. So the phenotypic ratio in this case is 3 (dominant):1(recessive).
But if the phenotypic ratio if a heterozygous cross is 2:1, then it means that it has a lethal gene.
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The genetic information in a gamete is identical to one of the original separated sets of chromosomes in the parent.
1.True 2.False
The given statement " the genetic information in a gamete is identical to one of the original separated sets of chromosomes in the parent" is true because gametes contain only one of a chromosome pair that exists in the diplod parents cells.
Hence, the correct option is True.
What are chromosomes?A chromosome is a lengthy DNA molecule that contains all or a portion of an organism's genetic code. The very long, thin DNA fibers in most chromosomes are covered with packing proteins; in eukaryotic cells, the histones are the most significant of these proteins.
During the process of gamete formation or meiosis in parental sex cells, the pair of chromosomes in the parent cells divide to produce daughter cells or gametes containing only singer chromosomes,
Thus, the gametes contain only one set of chromosomes identical to the parent's chromosomes.
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Answer: it’s True<3
Explanation: WHY HASNT YALL BE ONLINE!!!
A toddler is experiencing hemorrhagic shock and did not respond to an initial fluid bolus. What is the immediate next step of care
If A toddler is experiencing hemorrhagic shock and did not respond to an initial fluid bolus.immediate next step of care would be administration of packed red blood cells.
The goal of treatment in the acute phase of traumatic hemorrhagic shock is to stop the bleeding. To prevent or treat acute coagulopathy of trauma, the physician must manage fluid resuscitation, vasopressors, and blood transfusion as long as this bleeding is not controlled.
If fluid boluses do not alleviate the symptoms of hypovolemic, hemorrhagic shock, packed red blood cells should be administered immediately. As a plasma expander, albumin can also be considered for increased intravenous volume in burns, shock, and trauma.
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What can you put on an apple slice to keep it from turning brown
Everything about this like
Hypothesis
Independent Variable
Dependent variable
Answer:
lemon juice
Explanation:
Acids prevent browning because they react with the oxygen that comes into contact with the surface of the sample. Once all the acid (or whatever else is covering the surface) has reacted with the oxygen or the acid has degraded or washed off, then the sample will start to brown again. Stronger acids, like lemon juice, can even denature the enzyme. This means that the enzyme can no longer perform its original function because of its environment.
HURRY PLEASE I NEED HELP
Answer: Option A. is correct Dark colors and rough textures tend to produce the greatest amount of absorption of insolation at Earth's surface.
Explanation: Dark colors absorb more of the sunlight's energy, and rough textures can increase the surface area that is exposed to sunlight, which also helps to increase the absorption of insolation. Light colors and smooth textures, on the other hand, tend to reflect more sunlight and therefore absorb less insolation.
A farm worker accidentally was splashed with a powerful insecticide. A few minutes later he went into convulsions, stopped breathing, and died. The insecticide acted as a competitive inhibitor of an enzyme important in the function of the nervous system. Describe the structural relationship between the enzyme, its substrate, and the insecticide molecule.
The enzyme is made up of a protein structure and binds to its substrate, which is often a specific molecule that is necessary for the enzyme’s function. The insecticide molecule is similar in structure to the substrate, but is much more powerful.
The insecticide molecule is a competitive inhibitor, meaning that it binds to the same site on the enzyme as the substrate does, preventing the substrate from binding to the enzyme and, in turn, preventing the enzyme from catalyzing its reaction.
The structure of the enzyme-substrate complex and the insecticide-enzyme complex are similar, with the insecticide molecule fitting into the active site of the enzyme, forming a strong bond with the enzyme and preventing the substrate from binding to its active site. The insecticide molecule has a higher affinity for the enzyme than the substrate, which is why it is able to block the enzyme from catalyzing its reaction and, ultimately, cause the death of the farm worker.
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An alpine area of a national park near a trail is normally covered by plants, but much of the area is now bare soil. Park rangers suspect that trampling by hikers has killed the plants. Which of the following will best test the hypothesis?
Pilihan jawaban
Counting the number of hikers leaving the trail in comparison with the number of hikers leaving other trails
Counting the number of plants along the trail in comparison with the number of plants along other trails
Comparing the number of hikers this year to the number of hikers last year on various trails
Comparing plant survivorship in areas where hikers stay on the trail with plant survivorship in the area where hikers leave the trail
Comparing the ages, heights, and weights of hikers on different trails
Comparing plant survivorship in areas where hikers stay on the trail with plant survivorship in the area where hikers leave the trail is the best test of the hypothesis.
In the western Himalayas, the threshold over which trees can no longer be found varies according to height, aspect, slope, and other factors, but is often above 3600m. This is one of the most critical zones for creatures that live at high altitudes. The Kosciuszko National Park is bordered by the Alpine National Park, which spans from middle Gippsland to the New South Wales border. Some of Australia's most beautiful alpine scenery, including mountain peaks, escarpments, and grassy high plains, may be found within the park.
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Which of the following is the correct order of the structures through which light passes after entering the eye?
A)
lens, pupil, cornea, retina
B)
pupil, cornea, lens, retina
C)
pupil, lens, cornea, retina
D)
cornea, pupil, lens, retina
The following is the correct order of the structures through which light passes after entering the eye : Cornea, pupil, lens, vitreous humour retina
Light travels like this:
1) Enters the cornea, which bends light. 2) Light passes freely through the pupil of the iris. 3) Light passes through the vitreous. 4) The retina captures light rays and processes them into impulses.
Some of this light enters the eye through an opening called the pupil. The iris (the colored part of the eye) controls the amount of light accepted by the pupil. The light then passes through the lens (the transparent part of the eye). The lens works with the cornea to correctly focus light onto the retina.
The eight structures in the eye that light passes through before hitting the photoreceptors are the cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor, ganglion cell layer, inner reticular layer, inner nuclear layer, and outer reticular layer. .
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Is this correct? and can you explain why its not incorrect or correct?
Answer:
Yes,Good Bro no it's a joke you re bad
__________ is an important factor in the process of maturation because it provides a biological framework of how much one is capable of accomplishing.
Human development is an important factor in the process of maturation because it provides a biological framework of how much one is capable of accomplishing.
Maturation is an important part of human development, as it is the process by which individuals transition from childhood to adulthood. As such, it is essential for individuals to understand the biological framework of how much one is capable of accomplishing in order for them to reach their full potential.
Biological maturation plays a critical role in the developmental process by providing a biological framework of how much one is capable of accomplishing. This framework is composed of a variety of factors, such as the person’s physical characteristics, hormone levels, and brain development.
These factors determine how much a person is capable of learning, understanding, and doing. For example, a person’s hormone levels can influence how quickly they can learn new skills, while their brain development can influence how well they can recall information. By understanding this biological framework of maturation, individuals can better understand their own capabilities and strive to reach their full potential.
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What phenomenon leads to calico pigmentation in female cats?
In cats, the genes for coat pigmentation are X-linked, resulting in an orange or black coat color depending on which copy of the X chromosome each cell has activated. X inactivation occurs only in cells with multiple X chromosomes. This characterize why almost all calico cats are female.
Known for their distinctive black, orange, and white coat patches, the calico cat is an example of a genetic process known as "lionization." Because calico cats have a genetic condition called spotting. Mottled animals have white skin or patches of white fur. This is controlled by genes that affect the ability of skin cells to produce the pigments responsible for color.
The X chromosome determines a cat's color, and female cats, like all female mammals, have two X chromosomes, but male mammals, including the common male cat, have an X chromosome and a Y chromosome.
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what is a consumer that hunts and gathers food
In ( Blank ) interference, the energy of the combined wave is greater than the energy of each of the two waves.
In constructive interference, the energy of the combined wave is greater than the energy of each of the two waves.
A wave of greater, lower, or the same amplitude is created when two waves merge through interference by combining their displacements at all points in space and time. The interaction of waves that are coherent or correlated with one another, either because they originate from the same source or because their frequencies are similar or almost identical, leads to both constructive and destructive interference.
According to the principle of superposition of waves, the consequent amplitude at a place where two or more waves of the same kind are incident is equal to the vector sum of the amplitudes of the individual waves. Constructive interference occurs when the crests of two waves with the same frequency cross at the same location. In this case, the amplitude of each wave is equal to the sum of its individual amplitudes. Destructive interference occurs when the peak of one wave collides with the trough of another wave, resulting in an amplitude equal to the difference between the separate amplitudes.
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Which type of wave is used in sonar to detect objects?(1 point)
Answer: sound waves
Explanation:
Neurons have two ends. Nerve impulses travel from the end of one neuron to the beginning of another. What terms are used for these ends?
The place where the one ending of the neuron that is the axon of one neuron meets the dendrite of another neuron is called a synapse. Synapses are also found between the neurons and other types of cells, such as muscle cells in the body.
What is Synapse?Neurons are the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system in the higher vertebrates, the cells which are responsible for receiving sensory input from the external world, for sending motor commands to the muscles, and for transforming and relaying the electrical signals at every step.
The synapse is the small pocket of space between two nerve cells, where they can pass messages or signals to communicate. A single neuron may contain thousands of synapses within it. In fact, one type of neuron called the Purkinje cell, found in the brain's cerebellum, may have as many as about one hundred thousand synapses.
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simple sugars, like glucose, can be combined to make more complex larger sugar molecules like fructose and complex carbohydrates
true or false
Answer: true
Explanation:
how does your adrenal gland and pineal gland help you maintain homeostasis?
The adrenal gland helps to maintain homeostasis by producing hormones that regulate metabolism, stress response, and other bodily processes.
What exactly is homeostasis?
Homeostasis is the ability of a living organism or system to regulate its internal environment to maintain a stable equilibrium, such as temperature or pH, despite changes in external conditions. It is a crucial factor in allowing organisms to function normally in their environment.
The pineal gland helps to maintain homeostasis by secreting melatonin which helps to regulate the body’s circadian rhythm and helps to regulate sleep and wake cycles. Together, these two glands help to keep the body in a balanced, homeostatic state.
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Which of the following is a biotic factor that can affect the population size of a species? Birth rate Sunlight Water Land
Answer: Birth Rate
Explanation: I got it on the test
The Grand Canyon has much more than pretty scenery. It contains an amazing diversity of rock formations with an abundance of fossils hidden within. These fossils provide clues about past environments. The sedimentary rocks exposed throughout the canyon are rich in fossils, including fossils of these marine (ocean) brachiopod shells.
QUESTION: How does fossil evidence help you explain how the Grand Canyon formed? Write your answer
The most frequent fossils are small sea animals like gastropods, brachiopods, coral, and crinoids. When mixed with sandstone, this suggests that the region was a warmer, shallow sea at the time these sediments were created. The hyphae of rocks is a result of flooding.
What are bryozoans?Little aquatic invertebrates called bryozoans dwell in colonies. Colonies of many species form exterior protective structures called exoskeletons that mimic coral prosthetic limbs. Most colonies are anchored to a structure, such as a rock or sunken branch.
How do fossils work?Any surviving indication of a once-living thing from a previous geological age is known as a fossil. Examples include exoskeletons, bones, shells, animal or microbe imprints in stone, things preserved in glass, locks, fossil pine, and DNA traces. The fossil record is a collection of all fossils.
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What 4 characteristics do all mollusks share?
Four common characteristics that all mollusks share , are having soft bodies, a mantle, a visceral mass, and the foot.
The phylum Mollusca has many distinctive features and special characteristics, which include a mantle cavity, visceral mass, foot, and radula. Mantle is the cavity which is used for breathing and excretion purpose , radula is longue like structure that helps in sensory and food grasping purpose. Mollusks also includes various classes like Gastropod, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda, and Polyplacophora .
Gastropods have a special characteristics that includes spirally-coiled external shell while others mollusks usually have a flattened shell, and many of them doesn't possess any shell as outer structure.
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Emphysema is COPD that may lead to which of the following? Check all that apply. O Alveolar wall breakdown O Reduced respiratory membrane surface area and gas exchange O Increased vital capacity O Hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and respiratory acidosis O Polycythemia Cor pulmonale
Emphysema is a severe form of COPD that can lead to several serious complications, such as alveolar wall breakdown, reduced respiratory membrane surface area and gas exchange, increased vital capacity, hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and respiratory acidosis, and polycythemia Cor pulmonale.
Emphysema is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that is characterized by the destruction of the alveolar walls and a reduction in the surface area available for gas exchange.
As a result, individuals with emphysema may experience a decrease in vital capacity, which is the amount of air that can be expelled from the lungs after a deep inhalation.One of the most common complications of emphysema is hypoxemia, which is a condition in which the body does not receive enough oxygen.
This can lead to hypercapnia, a condition in which there is too much carbon dioxide in the blood, and respiratory acidosis, a condition in which the blood becomes too acidic. Another complication of emphysema is polycythemia, which is an increase in the number of red blood cells. This can occur as the body tries to compensate for the lack of oxygen by producing more red blood cells to carry oxygen to the body's tissues.
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