In 2015, approximately 81.5% of US energy consumption was from fossil fuels.
Fossil fuels have been the primary source of energy for many decades due to their abundance, relatively low cost, and high energy density. They are widely used for electricity generation, transportation, industrial processes, and heating.
However, the heavy reliance on fossil fuels has raised concerns about their environmental impact, including air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and contribution to climate change.
The remaining percentage of energy consumption in 2015 was accounted for by renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydroelectric, biomass, and geothermal.
While the share of renewables has been increasing over the years, the dominance of fossil fuels in the energy mix highlights the ongoing challenge of transitioning to cleaner and more sustainable energy sources.
Efforts to reduce fossil fuel dependence and promote renewable energy have gained momentum in recent years, driven by environmental concerns, energy security, and the declining costs of renewables.
Governments, businesses, and individuals have been working towards increasing the share of renewable energy in the overall energy portfolio to mitigate the negative impacts of fossil fuel use and promote a more sustainable energy future.
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A single neuron sends messages and signals to several downstream neurons, and here a single neural pool can relay the output to several neural circuits further downstream in the pathway. What type of circuit is this
It is a type of diverging circuit.
What is a diverging circuit?One neuron connects to several postsynaptic cells in a diverging circuit. One neuron can excite up to thousands of cells because of the synapses between each of these cells and many others.
Several downstream neurons can receive inputs from a single neuron, and multiple downstream neural pools can receive output from a single neural pool. Input from one pathway can result in output through hundreds of additional pathways because each of these neurons or neural pools may communicate with numerous others.
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The high level of diversity in the fossils found at the sites of Jebel Irhoud, Omo, and Herto in Africa support
The first fossils of Homo sapiens are found across the African continent: Jebel Irhoud, Morocco (300,000 years old), Florisbad, South Africa (260,000 years old) and Omo Kibish, Ethiopia (195,000 years old). This indicates a complex evolutionary history of our species, possibly involving the entire African continent.
Where was the oldest human fossil found?Named Omo I, the fossils were found in the 1960s, in the Omo Kibish Formation, Ethiopian part of the Rift Valley, in the eastern portion of the African continent. The region is an area of high volcanic activity and a rich source of early human remains, as well as artifacts such as stone tools.
With this information, we can conclude that The oldest fossils ever found of modern humans (Homo sapiens) are at least 233,000 years old.
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Evaluation of the effectiveness of the insulin-mimetics, selenium and vanadium, in insulin-resistance in primary hepatocytes
In insulin-resistance in primary hepatocytesby treating the cells with glucosamine.
GlucosamineCartilage, the strong tissue that cushions joints, contains glucosamine, a natural substance. Glucosamine is either from shellfish or manufactured in a lab and sold as supplements. Among the different types of glucosamine are glucosamine sulfate, glucosamine hydrochloride, and N-acetyl glucosamine. There is no thought of substituting these nutrients. For the treatment of a painful disease brought on by the swelling, deterioration, and eventual loss of cartilage, people take glucosamine sulfate orally (osteoarthritis). Ensure that you select the appropriate type of glucosamine when contemplating it by carefully reading product labels. N-acetyl glucosamine is used to treat osteoarthritis, although there isn't enough clinical data to support this use. More studies are required to verify this.
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What do only eukaryotes have
Based on the assumption that individuals seek to maximize the return (in calories and nutrients) on their labor, __________ is a model used by anthropologists to how food-collectors decide which animals and plants to hunt or collect and which to ignore,.
Based on the assumption that individuals seek to maximize the return (in calories and nutrients) on their labor, age and gender is a model used by anthropologists to how food collectors decide which animals and plants to hunt or collect and which to ignore.
What is the meaning of "Labor"?In its most basic sense, the term "labor" refers to employment that requires heavy manual labor, typically performed by unskilled laborers. However, the term "labor" in economics refers to manual labor. It also requires mental effort. In other words, work that is done physically or mentally in exchange for payment is considered labor.
What exactly does an anthropological do?When it comes to human origins, physical, social, linguistic, and cultural development, behavior, and the cultures, organizations, and institutions that people have built over time, anthropologists study, assess, and help shape public policy.
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ANSWER IF YOU SEE THIS ITS URGENTTT PLEASE ANSWER IF YOU KNOW THE ANSWER ITS A LEVEL BIOLOGY WILL MARK BRAINLIEST TO A GOOD ANSWER THAT EXPLAIN IT WELL!
Which of these chemical formulae represents a dissacharide? justify your answer
a.) C6H12O6
b.) C5H10O5
c.) C10H18O9
d.) C12H24O12
The chemical formulae which represents a disaccharide from the answer choice above is C10H18O9.
It is called Ribo-ribo disaccharide ( C10H18O9 ).
What are dissacharides?Disaccharides are substances which are composed of two molecules of simple sugars (monosaccharides) linked to each other. They are also known as double sugar.
They refer to any sugar, such as sucrose, maltose and lactose, consisting of two monosaccharides combined together.
Monosaccharide on the other hand, refers to simple sugar such as glucose, fructose or deoxyribose that has a single ring.
So therefore, chemical formulae which represents a disaccharide from the answer choice above is C10H18O9.
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A test cross is a mating of an individual with an unknown genotype and an individual that?
A Test cross is mating of an individual with an unknown genotype and an individual with recessive genotype of the same trait.
The test cross is performed to determine the genotype of dominant phenotype plant, whether it is homozygous or heterozygous dominant.
The resulting progeny ratio helps to predict the parent genotype. That is, If all the progenies show dominant phenotype, then the unknown parent is homozygous dominant. If they show a 1:1 ratio, then the parent is heterozygous dominant.
In other terms, homozygous dominant parent (PP) crossing with recessive parent (pp) can only produce progenies with dominant phenotype (PP / Pp), while heterozygous dominant parent (Pp) with recessive parent (pp) can produce both dominant and recessive progenies (PP / Pp / pp).
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How many chromosomes are contained in the nucleus of each cell in the human body? 100 23 46
There are a total of 46 (23 pairs) chromosomes in the nucleus of each cell of the human body.
What are chromosomes and how many chromosomes are found in a human cell?Long segments of DNA are carried by chromosomes, which are organelles that can be found in the nucleus of cells. The substance that houses genes is called DNA. It serves as the foundation for the human body.
Additionally, proteins found in chromosomes aid in the appropriate structure of DNA.
Chromosomes are found in pairs. The average human cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total chromosomes). The mother contributed half, and the father contributed the other half.
When you are born, two chromosomes—the X and the Y chromosome—determine whether you are a boy or a girl. They are known as sex chromosomes:
There are two X chromosomes in females.Each male has one X and one Y chromosome.The child receives one X chromosome from the mother. X or Y could be contributed by the father. The baby's gender at birth is determined by the father's chromosome.
Autosomal chromosomes are the remaining chromosomes in the human body.
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Answer:
46
Explanation:
rt A When the diaphragm contracts, _______. When the diaphragm contracts, _______. it lifts the rib cage it flattens out and it rises in the thoracic cavity it flattens out it rises in the thoracic cavity
When the diaphragm contracts, it flattens out.
The diaphragm is a thin layer of skeletal muscle that is seen below the lungs. It is seen at the chest base and it helps to separate the chest from the abdomen. The contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm increase and decrease the thoracic volume which allows the air to enter and exit the lungs.
The contraction of the diaphragm increases the thoracic volume which forces the air to enter the lungs. This process is called inhalation. The diaphragm in its resting state appears dome-like and when it goes back to its resting state it pushed the carbon dioxide-rich air out. This is called exhalation.
The diaphragm is made up of fibrous tissue and skeletal muscles. It has a central tendon that anchors the diaphragm to the ribs. It also has 3 large openings they are esophageal opening, aortic opening, and caval opening. Some smaller ones are also present that allows the nerves and vessels to pass through. The actions of the diaphragm are controlled by the right phrenic nerves and left right phrenic. The inferior phrenic arteries supply blood to the diaphragm.
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If a discard tube is required by your facility, what is an appropriate discard tube to collect prior to filling tubes for coagulation testing?
Red non-additive is an appropriate discard tube to collect prior to filling tubes for coagulation testing.
What is the process of coagulation?Blood thickens into a gel-like consistency during coagulation, which is the process by which it goes from being a liquid to become solid. Hemostasis is a bigger process that includes coagulation and is how the body controls when and how much bleeding occurs. The gel plugs seal blood artery leaks and stop blood loss. Coagulation factors, calcium, and phospholipids are necessary for the process. The liver produces coagulation factors (proteins).
The 3 stages of coagulation:
Blood vessel constriction.The development of a transient "platelet plug."The coagulation cascade is activated.Samples of coagulation must be fully filled, but not overfilled. The minimum fill line is frosted and used to identify tubes. For accurate test results, the blood to anticoagulant ratio must be kept at 9 to 1.
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Neurons in the somatosensory cortex receive somatic sensory information from ______.
Neurons in the somatosensory cortex receive somatic sensory information from Efferent neurons.
The somatosensory cortex gets tactile records from the body, along with sensations such as contact, pressure, temperature, and ache. This sensory records is then carried to the brain thru neural pathways to the spinal wire, brainstem, and thalamus.
The number one somatosensory vicinity of the human cortex is placed within the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe. The postcentral gyrus is the place of the primary somatosensory vicinity, the vicinity of the cortex dedicated to the processing of touch information.
Sensory receptors are categorized into five classes: mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, proprioceptors, ache receptors, and chemoreceptors.
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Neurons in the somatosensory cortex receive somatic sensory information from Afferent neurons.
Afferent Neurons or Sensory Neurons receive information from the sensory neurons to the somatosensory cortex.
The somatosensory cortex gets tactile records from the body. Along with sensations such as pressure and temperature.
The sensory records is carried to the brain through neural pathways to the spinal cord and deep brain.
The number one somatosensory vicinity of the human cortex is placed within the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe. The postcentral gyrus is the place of the primary somatosensory vicinity, the vicinity of the cortex dedicated to the processing of touch information.
Sensory receptors are of following types:
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Nutrients are brought to spongy bone through which mechanism? (2 points)
Transport through Haversian canals
Diffusion through canaliculi
Diffusion through the lacuna
Transport through collagen fibers
Diffusion through canaliculi is the mechanism through which nutrients are brought to spongy bone.
What is the canaliculi in bone?Bone canaliculi are tiny canals that run through the dense matrix of the bone, containing the dendrites of osteocytes, and filled with an ion-rich interstitial fluid. Fluid flow and electrochemical phenomena coexist in very tiny (a few hundred nanometers in diameter) canals. The canaliculi function as a conduit for osteocyte communication, the removal of cellular wastes, and the delivery of nutrients via blood vessels.
Osteocytes maintain contact with one another and with cells on the surface of the bone thanks to gap junction-coupled cell processes that travel through the matrix through tiny passageways called canaliculi. These canaliculi link the lacunae, which contain cell bodies, to other cells and to the outside world.
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Widely distributed in many foods, phosphorous is especially abundant in foods high in:_______
a. starches.
b. dietary fiber.
c. fat.
d. protein.
D. Protein.
Widely distributed in many foods, phosphorous is especially abundant in foods high in protein.
Phosphorus is found in many foods and is found in high amounts in foods that contain protein. Phosphorus is found in smaller amounts in vegetables and fruit. Phosphorus is the second most abundant mineral in the body, second to calcium.
The main function of phosphorus is in the formation of bones and teeth. It plays an important role in how the body uses carbohydrates and fats. It is also needed for the body to make protein for the growth, maintenance, and repair of cells and tissues.
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Which muscles are typically underactive with knee valgus during the overhead squat?
Gluteus maximus and medius muscles are typically underactive with knee valgus during the overhead squat.
The gluteus maximus is the maximum superficial gluteal muscle that paperwork the prominence of the gluteal place. The gluteus maximus works with the semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscle groups to increase the hip.
The gluteus maximus is the predominant extensor muscle of the hip. it's far the most important and outermost of the 3 gluteal muscular tissues and makes up a big part of the form and appearance of every factor of the hips. it is the single biggest muscle in the human frame.
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An organic molecule that is tightly bound to an enzyme and participates in an enzyme catalyzed reaction is specifically referred to as a _____.
Answer:
cofactor
Explanation:
I hope this help
An organic molecule that is tightly bound to an enzyme and participates in an enzyme catalyzed reaction is specifically referred to as a prosthetic group, which is in option E. Hence, option E is the correct option.
A prosthetic group is an organic molecule that is tightly and permanently bound to an enzyme and participates directly in the enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Prosthetic groups are a type of coenzyme, which are small, non-protein molecules that help enzymes perform their catalytic functions. However, unlike some coenzymes that may bind loosely and reversibly to the enzyme, prosthetic groups remain tightly attached and are considered essential components of the enzyme's active site, playing a crucial role in the catalytic process. Hence, option E is the correct option.
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Complete question is below,
An organic molecule that is tightly bound to an enzyme and participates in an enzyme catalyzed reaction is specifically referred to as a _____.
A) cofactor
B) metal ion
C) coenzyme
D) cosubstrate
E) prosthetic group
Different cyclin-dependent protein kinases (cdks) trigger different stages of the cell cycle in part because of which reason(s)?
Different cyclin-dependent protein kinases trigger different stages of the cell cycle because they are synthesized and increase their levels at different stages of the cycle.
What are cyclin-dependent protein kinases?Cyclin-dependent protein kinases are key proteins during the progression of the cell cycle that works together with cyclin proteins.
These proteins (cyclin-dependent protein kinases ) are able to phosphorylate different substrates during the cell cycle.
In conclusion, different cyclin-dependent protein kinases trigger different stages of the cell cycle because they are synthesized and increase their levels at different stages of the cycle.
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When analyzing photosynthetic microorganisms in a lake you often find that the photosynthetic microorganisms growing at the very surface are green, while photosynthetic microorganisms growing deeper are often purple. What is the energetic and molecular reasoning for the purple coloring in the lower levels
The photosynthetic microorganisms growing at the very surface are green, while photosynthetic microorganisms growing deeper are often purple because purple bacteria need an anoxic condition.
Purple microbes are anoxygenic phototrophs generally spread in nature, particularly in aquatic environments. Purple microbes are emphatically photoheterotrophs, regardless of whether they are fit for photoautotrophy, they are prepared for living in dull and deeper conditions in the aquatic region on account of the anoxic circumstances that favor the synthesis of their pigments.
In all cases, there is light absorption by a pigment that gets energized by a photon of light. This isolates electrons from a particle coupled to an ETS that is homologous to those of respiratory ETS.
Purple microbes catch light not utilized by other phototrophs. The pinnacle frequency consumed by bacteriochlorophyll P870 lies such a long way into the infrared (800-1,100 nm) that the photon energy is inadequate to lessen NAD(P) to NAD(P)H.
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In ______ reproduction, genetically identical offspring are produced, while in ______ reproduction, offspring are genetically different from each other.
In asexual reproduction, genetically identical offspring are produced, while in sexual reproduction, offspring are genetically different from each other.
Sexual reproduction is a sort of reproduction that involves a complex existence cycle wherein a gamete (inclusive of a sperm or egg mobile) with an unmarried set of chromosomes (haploid) combines with another to provide a zygote that develops into an organism composed of cells with two sets of chromosomes (diploid).
Sexual reproduction is the maximum common existence cycle in multicellular eukaryotes, which includes animals, fungi, and plants.
Asexual reproduction is a sort of reproduction that doesn't involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes. The offspring that get up by asexual reproduction from both unicellular and multicellular organisms inherit the whole set of genes in their single parent. Asexual reproduction is the number one shape of reproduction for single-celled organisms including archaea and bacteria.
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Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that require energy to be used is called __________
Body movement produced by skeletal muscles that require the use of energy is referred to as physical activity.
What is Physical activity?This involves the movement of the skeletal muscles when performing different actions in our day to day activities.
It requires the use of energy to fuel the process which is the main reason why calorie intake is vital in every individual.
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1. Which of the following is a characteristic of a cartilaginous fish?
1 : dermal denticles
2 : external fertilization
3 :bilaterally flattened
According to the research, the correct option is 3. Bilaterally flattened is a characteristic of a cartilaginous fish.
What is a cartilaginous fish?They are a class of fish characterized by having dermal scales and with widened paired fins whose skeleton is made up of cartilage.
They have a hydrodynamic shape being bilaterally flattened, that is, they are flattened in the dorso-ventral axis, which allows them to do the constant movements necessary to propel those fish through the water and avoid sinking in the water.
Therefore, we can conclude that the correct option is 3. Bilaterally flattened is a characteristic of a cartilaginous fish.
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A gene is a _______________________. Group of answer choices display of the chromosome pairs of a cell complete set of an organism's polypeptides that perform many functions complete set of a cell's polysaccharides that store energy specific sequence of DNA nucleotides that encodes inherited traits
What is a gene?
According to Mendel something was being stably passed down, unchanged, from parent to offspring through the gametes, over successive generations. He called these things as ‘factors’ now called as genes. Genes, therefore, are the units of inheritance. They contain the information that is required to express a particular trait in an organism. Genes which code for a pair of contrasting traits are known as alleles, i.e., they are slightly different forms of the same gene. There is no ambiguity that the genes are located on the DNA, it is difficult to literally define a gene in terms of DNA sequence. The DNA sequence coding for tRNA or rRNA molecule also defines a gene. A cistron is defined as a segment of DNA coding for a polypeptide, the structural gene in a transcription unit could be said as monocistronic (mostly in eukaryotes) or polycistronic (mostly in bacteria or prokaryotes).To learn more about transcription:
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In green vegetables, such as broccoli, the orange pigments of provitamin A carotenoids are masked by
In green vegetables, such as broccoli, the orange pigments of provitamin A carotenoids are masked by lycopene.
What is lycopene good for?
Strong antioxidant lycopene has a number of positive health effects, including as better heart health, reduced risk of certain cancers, and protection from the sun. Although it is available as a supplement, eating lycopene-rich foods like tomatoes and other red or pink fruits may be the best way to get the greatest benefit.What is the side effects of lycopene?
Low blood pressure, an increased risk of bleeding, and digestive problems are some possible negative effects . There have been cases of lycopenaemia, a condition when eating a lot of lycopene-rich foods causes the skin to turn orange .Which of the following is best for preserving the vitamin content of food?
Storing food in the pantry is the best way to preserve its vitamin content. Antioxidants are compounds that protect the body against damage from free radicals.Learn more about lycopene
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Because of concern about mercury contamination, pregnant women are advised to avoid:_______
Characteristics we define as homo appear in the fossil record at different times. this is known as:_______
Characteristics we define as homo appear in the fossil record at different times this is known as Mosaic evolution.
Homo genus is basic physical behavior which includes a relatively larges brain , small face and depend on material culture for survival of homo .The oldest humans to have possessed modern human like body with same elongated legs and shorter arms compared to size of torso.
Homogenus is appeared 2 million years ago in several early migrations, spread all over the Africa. It is live hunter gatherer society and control fire.Homo do not appear unified package which appears fossil record at different times.
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during what phase of a muscle twitch chemical changes such as the release of calicum are according intracelluary as rthe muscles prepare for contractrion
During latent phase of a muscle twitch chemical changes such as the release of calicum are according intracelluary as rthe muscles prepare for contractrion.
What are the phases of a twitch contraction?
A single contraction is called a twitch. A muscle twitch has a latent period, a contraction phase, and a relaxation phase. A graded muscle response allows variation in muscle tension.What is a latent period ?
The amount of time that passes between an action potential being generated in a muscle cell and the beginning of muscular contraction.
What is a muscle twitch?
The fundamental reaction of a motor unit to a single stimulus is a muscle twitch. Muscle Twitch in three different states . Excitation of the muscle fiber takes place during the latent phase, and calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cell's cytoplasm.What happens during latent period of muscle twitch?
A single muscle twitch consists of three parts. the contraction phase, the relaxation phase, and the latent period, often known as the lag phase. The action potential reaches the muscle, and the latent period is the brief (1-2 msec) interval before tension is seen in the muscle.Learn more about latent period
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The more a sample can be diluted and yet still react with antigen, the __________ the concentration of antibodies in that sample and the __________ is its titer.
The more a sample can be diluted and yet still react with antigen, the higher the concentration of antibodies in that sample and the higher is its titer.
What is antibodies?Antibodies, also called immunoglobulins (Ig), are proteins responsible for warning the body when there is a disease-causing agent (such as bacteria, viruses, among others) in the body. They act to eliminate it, and in the process, other cells will be activated to help with this task.
What is tiltration?Titration is a laboratory procedure used to determine the concentration in amount of matter (titer) of a solution that contains an acid or a base. During the titration, there is always a mixture of solutions containing different solutes with chemical reaction occurring.
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Resting-State Functional Connectivity DisruptionAs a Pathological Biomarker in Autosomal DominantAlzheimer Disease\
Resting-state functional connectivity noninvasively measures the association of signaling among brain regions and can be used to identify resting-state networks (RSNs).
What is Pathological Biomarker in Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer's Disease?
The study of rare families with autosomal dominant mutations that cause early-onset AD has had a significant impact on our understanding of the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amyloid- peptide (A-) overproduction is brought on by mutations in the APP, PSEN-1, and PSEN-2 genes, which result in early A-peptide deposition in the brain. This, in turn, is thought to set off a series of events that eventually lead to neuronal death, cognitive decline, and dementia. Studies on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from people with late-onset AD (LOAD), the most prevalent form of AD, have shown that low CSF A42 and high CSF tau are related to AD brain pathology.
CSF biomarkers in autosomal dominant AD (ADAD) have helped to create a thorough road map of AD pathogenesis, particularly during the preclinical stage, before any cognitive symptoms started to show. To hasten the creation of viable treatments for AD, ongoing pharmacological studies are also employing CSF biomarkers and capitalizing on the special features of ADAD.
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The philadelphia chromosome is a balanced chromosome translocation that forms a new gene called:_____
The Philadelphia chromosome results from a balanced translocation that forms a new gene called BCR-ABL. The term clinical remission is synonymous with cure.
The Philadelphia chromosome is a reciprocal translocation involving chromosomes 9 and 22 that is commonly identified in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The break points of the translocation create a fusion of two genes: ABL1 on chromosome 9 and BCR on chromosome 22.
There is technically no cure for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) caused by the Philadelphia chromosome. Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myeloid leukemia (Ph+ CML) causes abnormal changes to the chromosomes that lead to high levels of abnormal cells in the bone marrow and blood.
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What technique uses a series of criteria and questions referring to physical characteristics to narrow down and determine the classification or name of a species?
A. Classification
B. Phylogenetics
C. Dichotomous Key
D. Binomial naming
abc or d with a simple explanation
Dichotomous key is the technique which uses a series of criteria and questions referring to physical characteristics to classify species.
What is Dichotomous key?This was created by scientists to help classify different types of species in the ecosystem.
This employs the use of questions to contrast species in order to look for similar features to group them.
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Which statement explains the pattern of daytime & nighttime that occurs every 24 hours on Earth?
(a) Earth's axis of rotation changes direction twice during this time
(b) The sun spins once on its axis during this time
(c) Earths North Pole rotates away from the sun twice during this time
(d) earth's spins once on its axis during this time
Earth's axis of rotation changes direction twice during this time explains the pattern of daytime & nighttime that occurs every 24 hours on Earth.
What about earth's axis?Every 365 days, the Earth revolves once around the sun, and every 24 hours, it rotates around its axis. Instead of the Earth orbiting the sun, day and night are caused by the planet rotating on its axis. One day encompasses both daytime and nighttime and is measured by how long it takes the Earth to complete one rotation around its axis.The Earth rotates on its axis more slowly than it does in relation to the Sun.Day and darkness are caused by the Earth's rotation, while the seasons are caused by its revolution. The tilt of the Earth's axis is what causes the seasons. The Northern Hemisphere is inclined toward the sun during the summer, allowing it to receive more direct sunlight.Learn more about earth's axis here:
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