The standard Gibbs free energy of reaction is -25.4 kJ/mol. And the equilibrium constant (K) for the reaction is approximately 4.85. The value of AG for the first reaction is approximately -31.9 kJ/mol. The value of AS for the second reaction is approximately 174 J/mol/K.
We may use the following equation to determine the standard Gibbs free energy of reaction for the first portion of the question:
G=-RT ln K
where T is the temperature in Kelvin, K is the equilibrium constant, and R is the gas constant. Given that K and T are known, we may solve for G° by substituting these values:
G° is equal to -(8.314 J/mol K)/293 K*ln (6.7 10–10).
-25.4 kJ/mol for G°
As a result, the reaction's standard Gibbs free energy is -25.4 kJ/mol.
The following equation can be used to determine the equilibrium constant K for the reaction in the second section of the question:
G=-RT ln K
But, since G and T are provided in this instance, we can modify the equation to account for K:
K = e^(-ΔG°/RT)
K is equal to e(-121000 J/mol / 8.314 J/mol K * 303 K).
K ≈ 4.85
As a result, the reaction's equilibrium constant is roughly 4.85.
We can complete the table as follows to answer the third component of the question:
Response AH (kJ/mol)
J/mol K, AS
(kJ/mol) AG
Graphite spontaneity = CO2 107 397 -31.9
Neither P2O5? -44? nor 2H3PO4?
We can use the following equation to determine AG for the initial reaction:
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
where H stands for the change in enthalpy, S for the change in entropy, and T for temperature. Given that H and S are known, we can use these values as substitutes to find G:
G is equal to 107000 J/mol - 298 K * 397 J/mol K.
-31.9 kJ/mol for G
As a result, the AG value for the first reaction is roughly -31.9 kJ/mol.
The following response, Given that H and G are provided, we must determine S. We can apply the formula:
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
then reorder it to account for S:
ΔS = (ΔH - ΔG) / T
"S" is equal to (116000 J/mol - 41000 J/mol) (286 K)
174 J/mol K for S.
As a result, the second reaction's AS value is roughly 174 J/mol K.
We can use the sign of G to ascertain each reaction's spontaneity. If G is less than zero, the reaction moves ahead on its own. The reaction is spontaneously in the opposite direction if G > 0. The system is in equilibrium and neither the forward nor the backward reaction is spontaneous if G = 0.
We discovered that G is negative for the initial reaction, indicating that the reaction is spontaneous in the forward direction.
Because we don't know the values of H and G, we lack the knowledge necessary to determine the spontaneity of the second reaction.
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The principal quantum number refers to the size and energy level of the outer orbital. The principal quantum number for Li is _____, whereas the principal quantum number for Fr is _______.A) 1; 6B) 2; 6C) 1; 7D) 2; 7E) 7; 2
The principal quantum number refers to the size and energy level of the outer orbital. The principal quantum number for Li is 2, whereas the principal quantum number for Fr is 7. The correct answer is D.
The principal quantum number (n) is a quantum number that describes the energy level of an electron in an atom. It also indicates the size of the electron cloud around the nucleus. The higher the value of n, the higher the energy level and the larger the electron cloud.
The atomic number of Li (Lithium) is 3, which means that it has 3 protons and 3 electrons in its neutral state. The electron configuration of Li is 1s2 2s1. The outermost electron in Li is located in the n=2 energy level.
Therefore, the principal quantum number for Lithium is 2.
The atomic number of Fr (Francium) is 87, which means that it has 87 protons and 87 electrons in its neutral state. The electron configuration of Fr is [Rn] 7s1. The outermost electron in Fr is located in the n=7 energy level.
Therefore, the principal quantum number for Francium is 7.
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You have two containers at STP. Flask #1 contains F2 gas and flask #2 contains CO2 gas. What can you say
about the number of moles of molecules in each flask, and what can you say about the average speed of the
molecules in each flask? (In other words compare Flask #1 to Flask #2 - think about terms such as more, less,
same, faster, slower, etc)
If the volume of the gases in the container taken in STP is equal they they contains equal number of moles of the gas. As the volume increases, mobility of gases increases.
What is Avogadro's law ?Avogadro's law states that, at constant pressure and temperature, the volume of gas is directly proportional to the number of moles. If two gases at STP have equal volume, they contains equal number of moles.
The temperature of 298 K and 1 atm pressure is taken as standard condition (STP). At STP, the volume of one mole of every substance contains 22.4 L volume.
The carbon dioxide gas and fluorine gas if taken in equal volume at STP, they contain equal number of moles. Then, the average speed is inversely proportional to mass. Then , fluorine gas will have greater speed.
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Calculate the pH of a solution made by mixing 15.0cm³ 0.1M NaOH and 35.0 cm³ 0.2 M HCOOH.
ka= 1.82 × 10^-4 M
The pH of the solution made by mixing 15.0cm³ 0.1M NaOH and 35.0 cm³ 0.2 M HCOOH would be 2.39.
pH of solutionsThe first step in solving this problem is to write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between NaOH and HCOOH:
NaOH + HCOOH → NaCOOH + H2O
Next, we need to calculate the moles of each reactant:
moles NaOH = 0.1 mol/L x 0.015 L = 0.0015 moles
moles HCOOH = 0.2 mol/L x 0.035 L = 0.007 moles
Since NaOH and HCOOH react in a 1:1 stoichiometry, we know that 0.0015 moles of NaOH reacts with 0.0015 moles of HCOOH. This leaves 0.007 - 0.0015 = 0.0055 moles of HCOOH unreacted.
Now, we need to use the equilibrium constant (Ka) for the reaction between HCOOH and water to determine the concentration of H+ ions in the solution:
HCOOH + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + HCOO-
Ka = [H3O+][HCOO-]/[HCOOH]
We are given the value of Ka, so we can use it to find the concentration of H+ ions:
Ka = 1.82 × 10^-4 M
[H3O+] = [HCOO-] = x (let's assume that the initial concentration of HCOOH is much larger than x, so we can assume that x is negligible compared to the initial concentration of HCOOH)
[HCOOH] = 0.0055 moles / 0.05 L = 0.11 M
Ka = (x^2) / (0.11 - x)
Since x is negligible compared to the initial concentration of HCOOH, we can simplify the equation to:
Ka = (x^2) / 0.11
Solving for x, we get:
x = sqrt(Ka * [HCOOH]) = sqrt(1.82 x 10^-4 * 0.11) = 0.0041 M
Therefore, [H+] = 0.0041 M
Finally, we can use the definition of pH to calculate the pH of the solution:
pH = -log[H+] = -log(0.0041) = 2.39
Therefore, the pH of the solution is 2.39.
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The presence of dark lines at specific wavelengths in an otherwise continuous spectrum can be explained most easily by which of the following?
a. A cool gas between observer and source is absorbing light at the wavelengths corresponding to the missing photons.
b. The peak of the emission in the spectrum of the cooler object is at a longer wavelength.
The simplest straightforward explanation for the existence of black lines at particular wavelengths in an otherwise continuous spectrum is that a cool gas between observer and source is absorbing light at the wavelengths where the missing photons should be present.
What is meant by wavelength?The distance between two identical points (adjacent crests) in adjacent cycles of a waveform signal as it moves through space or along a wire is known as its wavelength. In wireless systems, this length is frequently specified in meters (m), centimeters (cm), or millimeters (mm) (mm).The distance between two wave crests determines the wavelength, whereas a wave's trough has a constant wavelength.The number of vibrations that pass over a specific place in a second is known as the frequency and is expressed in cycles per second (Hz) (Hertz). Here are some wavelength illustrations: Yellow Light, for instance. All visible light has a wavelength between 400 and 700 nanometers (nm). The wavelength of yellow light is approximately 570 nanometers. Wavelength (nm) (nm)To learn more about wavelength, refer to:
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The simplest straightforward explanation for the existence of dark lines at particular wavelengths in an otherwise continuous spectrum is that a cool gas between observer & source is absorbing light at the wavelengths where the missing photons should be present.
What is meant by wavelength?The wavelength of a waveform signal, as it travels through space or along a wire, is the separation between two identical points (adjacent crests) in adjacent cycles. This length is frequently stated in metres (m), centimetres (cm), or millimetres (mm) in wireless systems (mm).
The number of vibrations that pass over a specific place in a second is known as the frequency and is expressed in cycles per second (Hz) (Hertz). Here are some wavelength illustrations: Yellow Light, for instance.
All visible light has a wavelength between 400 and 700 nanometers (nm). The wavelength of yellow light is approximately 570 nanometers. Wavelength (nm) (nm)
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Which line represents the motion of the cathode ray in an electric field?
The line that represents the motion of the cathode ray in an electric field is line A.
The correct option is C.
What are cathode rays?Electron streams can be seen in discharge tubes as cathode rays or electron beams. When a voltage is applied to an evacuated glass tube with two electrodes, it can be seen that the glass behind the positive electrode glows as a result of the cathode's emission of electrons.
Cathode rays are deflected to the positive electrode.
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use the scale below to determine the ph value of the water, and determine whether the water is acidic, alkaline, or neutral. then predict what will happen to the ph if someone were to place a straw into the water and blow.
The pH strip is used to test the pH of a solution. The pH of water is neutral which is around 7.
The pH is known as the power of hydrogen. The pH is used to measure the degree of basicity and acidity of a solution. The amount of hydrogen ion concentration in a solution determines the pH of the solution. Mathematically, pH is given by the formula:
pH -= -log [H⁺]
The pH strip is a strip of litmus paper with which a person can measure the pH value of a liquid solution. The substance in the pH paper causes the paper to show a different color at different acidity values.
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What is the mass in amu of 225g?
135 *10^24amu is the mass of 225g
By amu, what do you mean?
A carbon-12 atom's mass is precisely 1/12 of an atomic mass unit. The nucleus of an atom of carbon-12 contains six neutrons and six protons. It's written as a.m.u or u. (unified). Atomic masses are expressed using this unit of mass. The average of the neutron rest mass and the proton rest mass is 1 a.m.u.
The average mass of an element's atoms expressed in atomic mass units is known as its atomic mass (amu, also known as daltons, D). The mass of each isotope is multiplied by its abundance to produce the atomic mass, which is a weighted average of all the isotopes of that element.
1amu = 1.662 x 10^-24g.
225 grams will be 225/1.662 *10^-24 i.e. 135 *10^24amu
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if each dimer is 20 angstroms in length, calculate approximately how long (in feet or miles) a strand of nylon can be formed in this experiment. type out your calculations. (2 pts)
Approximately 1.24 × 10^-9 miles of nylon could be formed in this experiment, assuming 10,000 dimers are linked together.
One angstrom is equal to 1 × 10^-10 meters, and there are 3.281 feet in one meter, so:
20 angstroms × (1 × 10^-10 m/angstrom) × (3.281 ft/m) = 6.5628 × 10^-10 ft
Let's assume that in this experiment, 10,000 dimers are formed.
length = 6.5628 × 10^-10 ft/dimer × 10,000 dimers = 6.5628 × 10^-6 ft
This is the total length of nylon that could be formed in this experiment, assuming 10,000 dimers are linked together.
To convert this to miles, we can divide by the number of feet in a mile:
6.5628 × 10^-6 ft / 5,280 ft/mi = 1.240 × 10^-9 miles
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The best name for H2S when it is classified as an acid is _____(i)_______; the best name for N2O when named as a molecular compound is _____(ii)_________; and the best name for Cs2O is ______(iii)_________.
O (i) hydrosulfuric acid; (ii) dinitrogen monoxide; (iii) cesium oxideO (i) dinitrogen monoxide; (ii) hydrosulfuric acid; (iii) cesium oxideO (i) dinitrogen monoxide; (ii) cesium oxide ; (iii) hydrosulfuric acidO (i) hydrosulfuric acid; (ii) cesium oxide ; (iii) dinitrogen monoxide
(i)hydrosulfuric acid; (ii) dinitrogen monoxide; (iii) cesium oxide are the correct answers.
What are compounds ?
Compounds are substances made up of two or more different types of atoms that are chemically bonded together in a specific ratio. The atoms in a compound are held together by chemical bonds, which are formed when the atoms share or transfer electrons in order to achieve a more stable electron configuration.
There are many different types of compounds, including covalent compounds, ionic compounds, and metallic compounds.Covalent compounds are formed when atoms share electrons in order to complete their valence electron shells. Ionic compounds are formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of positive and negative ions that are attracted to each other by electrostatic forces.
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write on nitrogen and state it uses and explain it process and draw a nitrogen cycle and explain it test
Nitrogen is a chemical element with the symbol N and atomic number 7. It is a nonmetal and makes up about 78% of the Earth's atmosphere. Nitrogen is essential for all forms of life on Earth as it is a critical component of DNA, RNA, and proteins.
Uses:
Nitrogen has many uses in industry, agriculture, and medicine. In the industrial sector, nitrogen is used in the production of ammonia, which is used to make fertilizers, explosives, and other chemicals. Nitrogen gas is also used to create a controlled atmosphere in food storage and packaging, to prevent spoilage and preserve freshness. In the medical field, nitrogen is used to preserve blood, tissues, and other biological samples.
Process:
Nitrogen gas is produced through a process called fractional distillation, which separates the gases in the air based on their boiling points. Nitrogen gas is obtained by cooling air until it becomes a liquid, and then slowly warming it up again. Nitrogen gas boils at a lower temperature than oxygen gas, so it is collected as a gas as the temperature rises.
Nitrogen Cycle:
The nitrogen cycle is the process by which nitrogen is converted between its various chemical forms in the environment. The nitrogen cycle is important because it allows nitrogen to be used by living organisms, and it helps to regulate the levels of nitrogen in the atmosphere and in the soil.
The nitrogen cycle consists of four main stages: nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, and ammonification. Nitrogen fixation is the process by which nitrogen gas from the atmosphere is converted into a form that can be used by living organisms, such as ammonia or nitrate. This process is carried out by certain types of bacteria that live in the soil or in the roots of plants.
Nitrification is the process by which ammonia is converted into nitrate by other types of bacteria. This nitrate can then be absorbed by plants and used to make proteins and other essential molecules.
Denitrification is the process by which nitrate is converted back into nitrogen gas, which is released back into the atmosphere. This process is carried out by certain types of bacteria that live in oxygen-poor environments, such as wetlands or soils that are waterlogged.
Ammonification is the process by which organic nitrogen compounds, such as proteins or amino acids, are broken down into ammonia by bacteria and fungi. This ammonia can then be used by other organisms in the nitrogen cycle.
Testing:
The most common test for the presence of nitrogen is the Kjeldahl method, which is used to determine the amount of nitrogen in organic compounds. The Kjeldahl method involves heating a sample of the organic compound with sulfuric acid, which converts the nitrogen into ammonia. The ammonia is then distilled off and collected in a solution of boric acid, which forms a compound called ammonium borate. The amount of nitrogen in the original sample can then be determined by measuring the amount of ammonium borate that is produced.
10) When a resistor of resistance R is connected to a battery of emf & and negligible
internal resistance, the power dissipated in the resistor is P. If the resistor is replaced with a
resistor of resistance 2R, without changing the battery, the power dissipated will be
A. 1/4P
B. 1/2P
C. 2P
D. 4P
When a resistor of resistance R is connected to a battery of emf & and negligible internal resistance, the power dissipated in the resistor is P. If the resistor is replaced with a resistor of resistance 2R, without changing the battery, the power dissipated will be 4P. Therefore, option D is correct.
What is resistance ?The amount by which an object impedes or resists an electric current is referred to as resistance. The flow of electrons is referred to as electric current. Consider an example of a person struggling to move from one shop to another in a crowded market.
When a resistor R is connected to a battery of emf Volt, the energy dissipated in the resistor is P = R V² because the battery is not changed, so energy is directly proportional to resistance. As a result of this relationship, we can conclude that decreasing R causes an increase in P.
Thus, option D is correct.
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What is theoretical yield in moles of hydrogen produced from the reaction of 18.8 moles of zinc?
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
round to one decimal place
18.8 moles is the theoretical yield in moles of hydrogen produced from the reaction of 18.8 moles of zinc.
What is theoretical yield?The theoretical yield of a chemical reaction is the amount of product received from the full conversion of something like the limiting reactant. It is the quantity of product produced by a flawless (theoretical) chemical reaction.
As a result, it isn't the same as that of the quantity obtained from a laboratory reaction. Theoretical yield is often stated in grams or moles.
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl[tex]_2[/tex]+ H[tex]_2[/tex]
mole of zinc =18.8 moles
The mole ratio between zinc and hydrogen is 1:1
moles of hydrogen = 18.8 moles
Therefore, 18.8 moles is the theoretical yield in moles of hydrogen produced from the reaction of 18.8 moles of zinc.
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Which statement is true concerning the standard states of Cl2(g), K(s) and KCl(aq)?
Group of answer choices
The standard state for Cl2(g) is the pure gas at 1 atm, for K(s) is the pure solid at 1 atm, and for KCl(aq) is the solution at a concentration of 1 mol/L.
The standard state for Cl2(g) is the pure gas, for K(s) is the pure solid, and for KCl(aq) is the solution.
The standard state for Cl2(g) is the pure gas at 1 atm, for K(s) is the pure solid at a concentration of 1 mol/L at 1 atm, and for KCl(aq) is the solution at a concentration of 1 mol/L.
The standard state for Cl2(g) is the pure gas at a concentration of 1 mol/L, for K(s) is the pure solid at 1 atm, and for KCl(aq) is the solution at 1 atm.
Since the standard state for gases is the situation of the gas at 1 atm and the standard state for solids and liquids is the form at a 1M concentration, option C is the best choice.
What does chemistry mean by concentration?The concentration of a substance is the quantity of solute in a given volume of solution. Molarity, which is the number of moles of solvent in 1 L of solution, is used to express concentrations.
What does a solution's concentration mean?The quantity of solute that was dissolved in a certain volume of the solvent or fluid is measured by the solution's concentration. A solution that contains a significant concentration of dissolved solute is said to be concentrated.
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PLEASE HELPPPPPPPPPP
The speed of light in kilometers per second is 300 kps.
What are the variables?According to the information on light speed from the Sun to the Earth:
Known:
Distance light travels in 10 seconds from Sun to Earth = 3,000,000 km
Average distance between Earth and Sun = 150,000,000 km
Formula:
Speed = Distance / Time
Unknown:
Speed of light in kps
Substitutions:
Distance = 3,000,000 km
Time = 10 seconds
Speed = Distance / Time
Speed = 3,000,000 km / 10 seconds
Speed = 300,000 km/s
Answer:
The speed of light in kps is 300 kps (kilometers per second).
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ii. What did Niels Bohr's 1913 model of the atom look like? (2 points)
Niels Bohr's 1913 model depicts that the atom has a small, positively charged nucleus which surrounded by electrons that travel in circular orbits around the nucleus.
What is Bohr's model of an atom?The Bohr model, is a representation of the structure of atoms, especially that of hydrogen, The Bohr Model is a universal model in which the negatively charged electrons orbit a small, positively charged nucleus like the planets.
In the Bohr model, electrons are pictured as traveling in circles at dissimilar shells, depending on which element you have. The Bohr model is a proportional primitive model of the hydrogen atom, in contrast to the valence shell mode
So we can conclude that the Bohr Model is a structural model of an atom that shows electrons and the nucleus of an atom.
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covalent molecular crystals have very low melting points, while covalent network crystals have very high melting points because ______
covalent molecular crystals have very low melting points, while covalent network crystals have very high melting points because the forces in molecular crystals are weaker than the network crystals.
The intermolecular forces that hold the covalent molecules together in the molecular crystals are weaker than that of the intermolecular force that hold the molecules or the atoms together in the network crystals.
The Covalent network are contain the atoms that are covalently bonded together in the three dimensional network or the `layers of two dimensional networks. Because of the strength of the covalent bonds, the covalent network solids have the high melting points.
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Problem: 8.41 g magnesium oxide reacts with 5.40 L of carbon dioxide to form 14.45 g of a compound that is 28.83% magnesium, 14.24% carbon, and 56.93% oxygen. What is the percent yield?
The yield is 108.2% in percentage. As this result is higher than 100%, it is possible that the experimental process or the measurements had errors.
What occurs when carbon dioxide and magnesium oxide interact?In mild conditions, magnesium oxide works well as a catalyst for the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to epoxides; when carbon dioxide reacts with (R)-styrene oxide in the presence of magnesium oxide, (R)-phenyl carbonate is produced in 97% of the time with stereochemistry retained.
We must first estimate the theoretical yield of the compound generated in order to calculate the percent yield.
molar mass of MgO = 24.31 g/mol (for Mg) + 15.99 g/mol (for O) = 40.30 g/mol
moles of MgO = 8.41 g / 40.30 g/mol = 0.2087 mol MgO
moles of compound formed = 0.2087 mol MgO = 0.2087 mol compound
mass of compound = (28.83% Mg / 100%) x 14.45 g = 4.16 g Mg
(14.24% C / 100%) x 14.45 g = 2.06 g C
(56.93% O / 100%) x 14.45 g = 8.23 g O
= 14.45 g of the compound formed
percent yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100%
actual yield = 14.45 g
theoretical yield = 0.2087 mol x (24.31 g/mol + 15.99 g/mol + 3(16.00 g/mol)) = 13.36 g
percent yield = (14.45 g / 13.36 g) x 100% = 108.2%.
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for each part below, determine which highlighted element forms a monatomic ion by losing electons from or adding electrons to the below-mentioned orbitals.
Losing s electron: None of the above, Losing 2 s electrons: Red, Losing 2 s and 1 p electron: Orange, Adding 1 p electron: Green and Adding electrons to 2 p orbitals: Blue.
Part 1: The correct answer would be (f) None of the above since not all elements form monatomic ions by losing an s electron. Some elements may require losing electrons from other orbitals or may not form monatomic ions at all.
Part 2: The correct answer would be (d) Red. Elements in Group 2A of the periodic table can lose two s electrons to form doubly positive ions, and the element highlighted in red belongs to this group.
Part 3: The correct answer would be (c) Orange. Elements in Group 3A of the periodic table can lose two s electrons and one p electron to form triply positive ions, and the element highlighted in orange belongs to this group.
Part 4: The correct answer would be (b) Green. Elements in Group 5A of the periodic table can add one electron to a p orbital to form singly negative ions, and the element highlighted in green belongs to this group.
Part 5: The correct answer would be (a) Blue. Elements in Group 6A of the periodic table can add electrons to two p orbitals to form doubly negative ions, and the element highlighted in blue belongs to this group.
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The complete question is :
each part below, determine which highlighted element forms a monatomic ion by losing electons from or addling electrons to the below-mentione orbitals
Part(1) by losing an s electron: Choose one:
(a)Blue
(b) Green
(c) Orange
(d) Red
(e)Brown/Black
(f) None of the above
Part 2 (1 point) by losing two s electrons: Choose one:
(a)Blue
(b) Green
(c) Orange
(d) Red
(e)Brown/Black
(f) None of the above
Part 3 (1 point) by losing two s electrons and one p electron Choose one: (a)Blue
(b) Green
(c) Orange
(d) Red
(e)Brown/Black
(f) None of the above
Part 4 (1 point) by adding one electron to a p orbital Choose one:
(a)Blue
(b) Green
(c) Orange
(d) Red
(e)Brown/Black
(f) None of the above
Part 5 (1 point) by adding electrons to two p orbitals Choose one:
(a)Blue
(b) Green
(c) Orange
(d) Red
(e)Brown/Black
(f) None of the above
which of these two aqueous solutions has (a) the higher boiling point, (b) the higher freezing point, and (c) the lower vapor pressure: 0.35 m cacl2 or 0.90 m urea? (a) higher boiling point (b) higher freezing point (c) lower vapor pressure 0.35 m cacl2 0.90 m urea 0.35 m cacl2 0.90 m urea 0.35 m cacl2 0.90 m urea
The correct response is (a) Higher boiling point, (b) Higher freezing point, and (c) Lower vapor pressure, all of which are 0.35 M CaCl2.
What is boiling point point?Boiling point is the temperature where a pure substance transforms from the a liquid to a gas. Now, the pressure being applied to the liquid and its vapour are equal. Boiling at one pressure atmosphere is the standard boiling point. Boiling point and saturation temperature are synonyms. The standard boiling point was established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in 1982 as the temperature at which water boils at one bar of pressure.
What is boiling point vs evaporation?A temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals the surrounding pressure is known as the boiling point. The boiling point falls off as altitude rises. Evaporation is the transformation of a liquid into its vapor when it occurs below the liquid's boiling point. As a result of the water molecules' vibrations caused by heat, some of the water's molecules escape into the atmosphere and turn into water vapor, or even the gaseous state for water. We name it evaporation for this reason. Water turns from a liquid to a gas known called vapor.
This is because urea does not dissociate, but CaCl2 breaks down into three ions in solution—one Ca2+ and two Cl-. CaCl2's higher boiling point, lower vapor pressure, and lower freezing point are all caused by the presence of more particles in the solution (since the solute ions disrupt the crystal lattice formation of the solvent molecules).
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Chlorination of ethylbenzene in the para position proceeds by way of a carbocation intermediate that has three resonance structures. Complete one of these resonance structures by dragging bonds, electrons and charges to the appropriate locations. Then check your answer.
Sure! Here's the complete resonance structure of the carbocation intermediate formed during the chlorination of ethylbenzene in the para position Cl | H--C--C |+ C | C | H.
Cl
|
H--C--C
|+
C
|
C
|
H
In this structure, the positive charge is located on the carbon atom adjacent to the chlorine atom, indicating that this carbon is electron deficient and has a high degree of reactivity. This carbocation intermediate can then go on to react with a chlorine ion to form the final product, para-chloro ethylbenzene.
It's worth noting that the other two resonance structures of this carbocation intermediate involve moving the positive charge to the other two carbon atoms in the ring, but they are less stable due to increased electron density at the adjacent carbon atoms.
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which of the following in each pair is likely to be more soluble in water? cyclohexane (c6h12) or glucose (c6h12o6):
The one which is more likely to be more soluble in the water is the glucose.
The like dissolve the like. The glucose is the polar compound and the water is also the polar compound. The polar compound will dissolves the polar compound. Therefore , the glucose is dissolves in the water. The cyclohexane is not soluble in the water because the cyclohexane is the non polar compound and will be soluble in the non polar solvent. The cyclohexane will be more soluble in the hexane as the hexane is the non polar compound.
Thus, the glucose is more soluble in the water .
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Calculate the following quantity: volume in liters of 0.143 manganese (II) sulfate that contains 73.0g of solute.
Volume in liters of 0.143 manganese (II) sulfate that contains 73.0g of solute is 3.35L. Volume is a three-dimensional spatial measurement.
What is volume?Volume is a three-dimensional spatial measurement. It is frequently mathematically quantified using SI generated units (such as the cubic metre and litre) as well as different imperial either Us or customary equivalents (such as the gallon, quart, cubic inch). Volume is connected to the notion of length (cubed).
number of moles = 73.0g/ 151=0.48mol
molarity = number of mole/ volume of solution in litre
0.143=0.48/volume of solution in litre
volume of solution in litre=0.48/ 0.143=3.35L
Therefore, 3.35L is the volume of the solution.
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Which of the following correctly identifies the intermolecular force represented by A and compares its strength relative to the intermolecular force represented by B? A represents London dispersion forces, which are weaker than the force represented by B. A represents hydrogen bonding, which is weaker than the force represented by B. A represents London dispersion forces, which are stronger than the force represented by B. A represents hydrogen bonding, which is stronger than the force represented by B.
The statement "A represents London dispersion forces, which are weaker than the force represented by B" correctly identifies the intermolecular force represented by A and compares its strength relative to the intermolecular force represented by B.
If we assume that B refers to a general intermolecular force, such as dipole-dipole interactions or hydrogen bonding, then London dispersion forces can be stronger under certain conditions.
This is because London dispersion forces can be significant even between nonpolar molecules, whereas other intermolecular forces are typically only significant between polar molecules. Additionally, the strength of London dispersion forces generally increases with the size of the molecules involved, which can make them relatively stronger in larger, nonpolar molecules compared to other types of intermolecular forces.
In summary, the strength of intermolecular forces depends on a variety of factors, including the nature of the molecules involved, their polarity, and their size. While it's not always the case, London dispersion forces can be stronger than other types of intermolecular forces under certain conditions.
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Could a floccing agent be designed for Nitrate? If so, what would you recommend?
Support your answer with an explanation of a few sentences. (2 pt)
It is absolutely true that floccing agent could be designed for Nitrate.
What is floccing agent?Chemical additives known as flocculating agents induce suspended particles to agglomerate into flocs.
These chemicals are used in papermaking, mineral processing, municipal and industrial waste treatment, and water treatment. Inorganic salts or water-soluble organic polymers are flocculating agents.
Floccing agents for nitrate can be created. Floccing agents are substances that make small liquid particles clump into larger particles so that they can be more easily removed from the liquid.
Each floccing agent should be thoroughly assessed for its suitability in a particular application.
Thus, the given statement is true.
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The osmotic pressure exerted by a solution is equal to the molarity multiplied by the absolute temperature and the gas constant R. Suppose the osmotic pressure of a certain solution is measured to be 13. atm at an absolute temperature of 330, K. Write an equation that will let you calculate the molarity of this solution. Your equation should contain only symbols. Be sure you define each symbol other than R Your equation:c = __Definitions of your symbols ___ = 13 atm__ = 330 K
The molarity of the solution is approximately 0.00498 M.
The equation to calculate the molarity of the solution would be:
c = (π / (R * T))
where:
c is the molarity of the solution
π is the osmotic pressure of the solution, which is given as 13 atm
R is the gas constant (8.314 J/(mol*K))
T is the absolute temperature, which is given as 330 K
Therefore, substituting the given values, we get:
c = (13 atm) / (8.314 J/(mol*K) * 330 K)
c = 0.00498 M
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gravimetric analysis requires a precipitation reaction true or false
True, gravimetric analysis requires a precipitation reaction.
What is gravimetric analysis?Gravimetric analysis is a quantitative analytical technique that involves precipitation of an analyte from a solution, followed by filtration, washing, and drying of the precipitate to obtain a constant weight. The precipitate is then separated from the solution, washed, and dried to remove any traces of the mother liquor.
The mass of the precipitate is then determined using a balance, and the amount of the analyte in the original sample can be calculated using stoichiometry. The weight of the precipitate is then used to determine the amount of the analyte present in the original sample. Therefore, gravimetric analysis requires a precipitation reaction to occur.
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what is an electrolyte
Answer:
Electrolytes are a substance that breaks into ions when it is dissolved in water or body fluid.
Explanation:
Sodium, potassium, and chloride are your 3 main electrolytes. Magnesium, calcium, phosphate, and bicarbonates are also some types of electrolytes.
which of the following would you expect to have the most negative (most exothermic) electron affinity?
a. Cl
b. Cl-
c. Cl +
a) Cl is the atom Atoms are expected to have the most negative (exothermic) electron affinities.
Electron AffinityElectron affinity is the amount of energy produced or released when an atom attracts an electron. Electron affinity can be used as a measure of the ease with which an atom captures electrons. The greater the energy released (electron affinity) indicates that the atom tends to attract electrons to become a negative ion.
Electron affinity can be used as a measure of the ease with which an atom captures electrons. The greater the energy released (electron affinity) indicates that the atom tends to attract electrons to become a negative ion.
About exothermicThe energy of an atom is defined when the atom loses or gains energy through a chemical reaction that causes the loss or gain of electrons. Chemical reactions that release energy are called exothermic reactions and chemical reactions that absorb energy are called endothermic reactions.
The energy of an exothermic reaction is negative, so the energy is given a negative sign; while the energy of the endothermic reaction is positive and the energy is given a positive sign. An example that demonstrates both processes is when someone drops a book. When he lifts the book, he gives the book potential energy (absorbed energy).
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which one of the following has the highest standard molar entropy? group of answer choices i2(g) h2(g) cl2(g) i2(s)
Among the options given, Cl2(g) is likely to have the highest standard molar entropy.
The standard molar entropy is a measure of the amount of disorder or randomness in a substance at standard temperature and pressure (STP).
Therefore, the substance with the highest standard molar entropy is likely to be one of the gases, either H2(g), Cl2(g), or I2(g).
Of these options, the diatomic molecule with the highest standard molar entropy is likely to be Cl2(g), as chlorine gas has more atoms than hydrogen gas and less molecular weight than iodine gas.
Therefore, among the options given, Cl2(g) is likely to have the highest standard molar entropy.
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Please help I don't understand
According to the IUPAC nomenclature, there are 3 carbon atoms in longest chain, there is no functional group and name of compound is propane.
What is functional group?Functional group is defined as a substituent or group of toms or an atom which causes chemical reactions.Each functional group will react similarly regardless to the parent carbon chain to which it is attached.This helps in prediction of chemical reactions.
The reactivity of functional group can be enhanced by making modifications in the functional group .Atoms present in functional groups are linked to each other by means of covalent bonds.
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