To determine which student's measurement has the largest percent error in measuring the acceleration of gravity, we need to calculate the percent error for each student's measurement and compare them to the expected value of 9.78 m/s^2. The percent error is calculated by subtracting the expected value from the measured value, dividing by the expected value, and multiplying by 100.
The student with the largest percent error will have the measurement that deviates the most from the expected value.
Explanation:
To calculate the percent error for each student's measurement, we can use the formula:
Percent Error = |(Measured Value - Expected Value) / Expected Value| * 100
Let's assume the measured values for the four students are A, B, C, and D.
The percent error for each student can be calculated as follows:
Percent Error(A) = |(A - 9.78) / 9.78| * 100
Percent Error(B) = |(B - 9.78) / 9.78| * 100
Percent Error(C) = |(C - 9.78) / 9.78| * 100
Percent Error(D) = |(D - 9.78) / 9.78| * 100
By comparing the calculated percent errors for each student, we can determine which measurement has the largest percent error. The student with the largest percent error will have the measurement that deviates the most from the expected value of 9.78 m/s^2.
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125) How many known elements are on the periodic table?
A) 101
B) 78
C) 118
D) 148
126) The formula for ethanol alcohol is C2HsOH. How many hydrogen atoms are
there?
A) 2
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7
127) The formula for ethanol alcohol is C¿HsOH. How many total atoms are there?
A) 4
B) 7
C) 9
D) 11
128) What is the symbol for Gold?
A) Go
B) Au
C) Sn
D) C
Explanation:
125)118
126)6
127)9
128)Au
There are 118 elements discovered yet and they are included in the periodic table.There are 6 hydrogens in ethanol. Number of total atoms in it is 9. The symbol of gold is Au.
What is periodic table?Periodic table is a classification of elements discovered in nature. There are groups and periods for these elements where groups are vertical columns of elements with similar physical and chemical properties.
There are 118 elements in the periodic table. Thus option C is correct.
Ethanol is a simple alcohol formed by 2 carbons and 5 hydrogens with an OH group. Thus there are total 6 (option C) hydrogens and a total of 9 atoms (option C). Ethanol is widely used in making of alcoholic products.
The chemical symbol of gold is Au. Chemical symbols are elements are derived from their latin names. The latin name of gold is Aurom. Thus it has the symbol Au. Therefore, option B is correct.
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The composition of a given pure compound is always no matter what the source of the compound?
The composition of a given pure compound is always the same no matter what the source of the compound.
A compound seems to be a substance that is entirely made of one kind of molecule.
Every component of compounds shares the same traits and features because of their homogenous makeup. However, because mixtures are composed of several sorts of chemicals, they frequently differ in terms of content, qualities, and samples.
Therefore, the composition of a given pure compound is always the same no matter what the source of the compound.
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The reaction between A2 (two large red spheres) and B2 (two small blue spheres) to produce AB is shown in the diagram. The reactants contain 4 A 2 molecules and 3 B 2 molecules. The products contain 6 A B molecules. Determine the limiting reactant for the reaction. AB A2 B2 no limting reactant
Answer:
B₂
Explanation:
The limiting reactant is always a reactant. You can determine which reactant is limiting by identifying which has the smaller mole-to-mole ratio with the product. This ratio can be found via the coefficients of the balanced reaction.
4 A₂ + 3 B₂ ---> 6 AB
4 moles A₂
------------------ = mole-to-mole ratio A₂/AB
6 moles AB
3 moles B₂
------------------ = mole-to-mole ratio B₂/AB
6 moles AB
Since the mole-to-mole ratio between B₂ and AB is smaller, B₂ must be the limiting reactant.
If 100 pounds of chlorine gas is required for an operation, how many pounds of calcium hypochlorite (65%) would be needed for the same operation
The amount, in pounds of chlorine that will be needed, will be 201.37 pounds
Percent compositionCalcium hypochlorite goes by the chemical formula, [tex]Ca(ClO)_2[/tex].
In order to know the amount of calcium hypochlorite that will be needed for the operation, we first need to know the percent composition of chlorine in calcium hypochlorite.
Molar mass of calcium hypochlorite = 142.98 g/mol
There are 2 molecules of Cl in calcium hypochlorite. The molar mass will be 35.5 x 2 = 71 g/mol
Percent chlorine in calcium hypochlorite = 71/142.98 x 100 = 49.66%
So, what amount of calcium hypochlorite will give us 100 pounds of chlorine knowing that chlorine is 49.66% of calcium hypochlorite?
49.66% of X = 100 pounds
X = 100 x 100/49.66 = 201.37 pounds
Thus, 201.37 pounds of calcium hypochlorite will give us approximately 100 pounds of chlorine.
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Tin and oxygen can combine to form two compounds of different combining proportions. Resulting formulas of these compounds include
a. Sn2O and SnO2 d. SnO and SnO3
b. SnO and SnO2 e. SnO2 and SnO4
c. SnO4 and SnO
???
Answer:
B.) SnO and SnO₂
Explanation:
Tin can either exist as Sn²⁺ or Sn⁴⁺ when ionized. Oxygen always exists as O²⁻ when ionized.
When ions combine, sometimes there needs to be different amounts of each ion in order to create an overall charge of 0. In one combination of the ions (Sn²⁺ and O²⁻), there only needs to be one atom of each ion. In another combination (Sn⁴⁺ and O²⁻), you need to have more anions to balance the high positive charge of the cation.
SnO
-----> Sn²⁺ and O²⁻
-----> +2 + (-2) = 0
SnO₂
-----> Sn⁴⁺ and O²⁻
-----> +4 + (-2) + (-2) = 0
Please Help!
3/1H + 2/1H → 1/0n + ?
a. 4/4Be
b. 2/1H
c. 3/0n
d. 4/2He
Answer:
I'm pretty sure the answer Is c because I think I remember doing something like that so yeah
4. The equation for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is shown. 2H₂O₂(aq) → 2H₂O(l) + O₂(g) 48.0 25.0 cm³ of aqueous hydrogen peroxide forms 48.0 cm³ of oxygen at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.). Calculate the concentration i aqueous hydrogen peroxide at the start of the experiment using the following steps ● Calculate the number of moles of oxygen formed. • Deduce the number of moles of hydrogen peroxide that decomposed. • Calculate the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in mol/dm³.
Answer:
Just add what they equal to hope this helps :)
Explanation:
Which of the following atoms would be an ion?
A. An atom with 11 protons and 9 electrons.
B. An atom with 5 protons and 5 electrons.
C. None of these
D. An atom with 8 protons and 8 neutrons.
Answer:
best answer is D
Explanation:
if element has even number then protons and neutrons are same but if element has odd number then we should add 1 number in number of protons to know neutrons. but this rule is not work in 4 element that element are argon, nitrogen, hydrogen and one other
Lead crystallizes in the face-centered cubic lattice. What is the coordination number for pb?.
The coordination number for pb will be 12
Four atoms make up each unit cell of the face-centered cubic (fcc), which has a coordination number of 12. Two atoms make up each unit cell of the body-centered cubic (bcc), which has a coordination number of eight.
What is Coordination number ?The number of atoms, ions, or molecules that a central atom or ion in a complex, coordination compound, or crystal holds as its closest neighbours.
The number of nearby atoms or ions that surround an atom or ion is known as the coordination number. The coordination number for FCC and HCP systems is 12.Tetracarbonylnickel, Ni(CO)4, for instance, has a coordination number of 4 due to the four CO ligands that are bonded to the Ni atom.Learn more about Coordination number here:
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What happens to the carbon atom in the transformation of chloromethane to methyllithium?
The carbon atom reduced in the transformation of chloromethane to methyllithium.
The reaction between chloromethane and lithium form methyllithium.
[tex]CH_{3} Cl+ 2Li[/tex] → [tex]CH_{3} Li+ LiCl[/tex]
In above reaction, methyllithium is formed by the dispersing of lithium metal and adding chloromethane .
The carbon atom in chloromethane is partial positive charge because chlorine is high electronegative atom. The carbon atom in methyllithium is partial negative charge because carbon is more electronegative than lithium.
So, in above reaction two lithium metal donate two electron ( each lithium donate one electron) to the carbon atom(having positive charge) of chloromethane and get negative charge in methyllithium .
The gain of electron is reduction. So,The carbon atom reduced in the transformation of chloromethane to methyllithium.
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Suppose you need 0.12L of a 0.13M solution of NiCl2, but all you have is a solution that is a solution that is 0.23M. What volume of the solution do you need to dilute
- 0.05 L needs to be added to the original 0.12 L solution in order to dilute it from 0.13 M to 0.23 M.
The dilution problem uses the equation :
[tex]M_aV_a= M_bV_b[/tex]
The initial molarity (concentration) [tex]M_a =[/tex] 0.13 M
The initial volume [tex]V_a[/tex] = 0.12 L
The desired molarity (concentration) [tex]M_b[/tex] = 0.23 M
The volume of the desired solution [tex]V_b[/tex] = ( 0.12 + x L )
Substituting values in above equation;
(0.13 M ) (0.12 L) = (0.23 M ) (0.12 L + x L)
0.0156 M L = 0.0276 M L + 0.23 x M L
- 0.012 M L = 0.23 x M L
x = - 0.05
Therefore, - 0.05 L needs to be added to the original 0.12 L solution in order to dilute it from 0.13 M to 0.23 M.
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What kind of energy is this?
nuclear
radiant
thermal
chemical
The energy can be identified by their features, characteristics and impacts on the surrounding environment.
How to identified kind of energy?If the energy release heat then we can say that it is a thermal energy because it warms the environment whereas if the energy produce light then it is called radiant energy.
If the energy is released from splitting atoms or fusion of atoms so we can say that it is a nuclear energy. If the energy is released from breaking of bonds of atoms and molecules, so it is Chemical energy.
So we can conclude that the energy can be identified by their features, characteristics and impacts on the surrounding environment.
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Which way does heat flow?
Managing large amounts of data and processing them quickly during communication between Earth and space is challenging. Which technology is most suitable to overcome this challenge
Utilizing wireless communication and camera imagery is the most effective technological solution to this problem.
To find the answer, we need to know more about the wireless communication and camera imagery
Wireless communication is what?The transmission of data or information between two or more sites without the use of an electrical conductor is known as wireless communication.It is difficult to manage enormous amounts of data and analyze them fast when communicating between Earth and space.Today, wireless connections are used to access the internet.Thus, we can conclude that, the wireless connectivity and camera imaging method meet this obstacle.
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Pls Help!
A sample of seawater from a tidal estuary was found to contain a concentration of 727 mg of chloride ion per kg of seawater. If the density of the sample was 1.035 g/mL, what is the molarity of the chloride ion?
The molarity of the chloride ion is 2.0 * 10⁻⁵ M.
What is the molarity of the chloride ion?The molarity of the chloride ion is calculated using the formula below:
Molarity = (Percentage concentration * Density ) / (Molar mass * 100)The percentage concentration of chloride ion = 727/kg * 10⁻⁶ Kg * 100/1
The percentage concentration of chloride ion = 0.0727%
Molar mass of Chloride ion = 35.5 g/mol
Molarity = (0.0727 * 1.035)/(35.5 * 100)
Molarity of chloride ion = 2.0 * 10⁻⁵ M
In conclusion, the molarity of the chloride ion is obtained from the density and percent concentration of chloride ions in seawater.
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How many moles of ammonia are produced when 5.0 moles of hydrogen react with excess nitrogen?
Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry, 3.33 moles of ammonia are produced when 5.0 moles of hydrogen react with excess nitrogen.
Reaction stoichiometryIn first place, the balanced reaction is:
N₂ + 3 H₂ → 2 NH₃
By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:
N₂: 2 moles H₂: 3 molesNH₃: 2 molesMass of ammonia formedThe following rule of three can be applied: if by reaction stoichiometry 3 moles of hydrogen form 2 moles of ammonia, 5 moles of hydrogen form how many moles of ammonia?
[tex]moles of ammonia=\frac{5 moles of hydrogenx 2 moles of ammonia}{3 moles of hydrogen}[/tex]
moles of ammonia= 3.33 moles
Finally, 3.33 moles of ammonia are produced when 5.0 moles of hydrogen react with excess nitrogen.
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According to boyle's law, the pressure of a gas increases as the volume decreases because:
Answer:
according to the law,the pressure would increase if volume has been decreased.
Explanation:
the reason is that,pressure and volume are inversely proportional,if volume has been decreased that means the pressure would increase because decreased volume would create a sort of compacted situation for particles either of a liquid or gas,decreasing volume would bring these particle together, closer to each other because of decreased and since the volume has decreased they dont have enough space,they would end up getting closer to each other most likely to collide, which drastically increase pressure .
below shows the dimensions of two colored cubes.
Dimensions of Cubes
Cube Side (cm) Mass (g)
Red: 4 12
Green: 3 10
Which cube is denser?
Red, because it has more volume and more amount of matter
Green, because it has less volume and less amount of matter.
Red, because it has less volume and more amount of matter
Green, because it has less volume and more amount of matter.
Green, because it has less volume and less amount of matter.
What is density?Density is the mass of a material substance per unit volume. d = M/V, where d is density, M is mass, and V is volume, is the formula for density. Grams per cubic centimeter are a typical unit of measurement for density.
Because it enables us to predict which compounds will float and which will sink in a liquid, density is a crucial notion. If an object's density is lower than the liquid's, it will often float.
The dimensions of two colored cubes.
Red: 4 12
Green: 3 10
density = mass/volume
so compare
[tex]12/4^{3}[/tex] and [tex]10/3^{3}[/tex]
None of the choices is the real reason. But is the closest. It is green because 10/27 > 12/64
But red would have been denser for a side of 3.9, and green would still have had less volume and less matter.
Green, because it has less volume and less amount of matter.
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What is the sign of δg for the folding process? what about for the unfolding (denaturation) process? how do you know?
It is a thermodynamically spontaneous process that means Protein folding occurs. The value of ΔG must be negative in the case of folding but in the case of unfolding, the value of ΔG must be positive.
When the process is thermodynamically spontaneous process results in Protein folding otherwise the process is unfolding.
The value for ΔG must be negative in the case of the folding process and the value for ΔG must be positive in the case of the unfolding process. The value of a thermodynamic parameter for the reverse reaction has an opposite sign but the same value that's why the value for ΔG must be positive and known as unfolding (denaturation) process.
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Which product is used on the natural nail prior to product application to assist in adhesion and serves to chemically bond the enhancement product to the natural nail
The product that is used on the natural nail prior to application to assist in adhesion and serves to chemically bond the enhancement product to the natural nail is known as nail primer.
What is a nail primer?A nail primer is a chemical agent used in esthetic centers before applying a colored polish to the nails and serves as an adhesive product.
The nail primers are also very useful for improving the cleaning efficiency of the product before its application.
Nail care products include different types of chemical formulations such as, for example, creams that reinvigorate the cuticle.
In conclusion, the chemical formulation employed on the natural nail that is capable of enhancing and also assisting adhesion is called the nail primer.
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Ammonium hydrogen sulfide (NH4HS) can decompose to ammonia and hydrogen sulfide: What is the equilibrium constant expression for this system
The equilibrium constant expression for this system is Keq=[NH3][H2S]
What is the the equilibrium constant expression of the system?The ratio of the equilibrium concentrations of the products to the concentrations of the reactants raised to their respective powers to match the coefficients in the equilibrium equation is K for a system in equilibrium, according to the law of mass action. The equilibrium constant expression is known as the ratio.
Therefore, the equilibrium constant expression for this system is Keq=[NH3][H2S]
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Use Table B in your Student Guide to answer the questions about ion concentrations.
A solution with a pH = 13 has approximately how many moles of OH– ions per liter?
0.1
How many moles of H+ would this same solution have per liter?
0.000000000000.1
⇒ 0.0000000000001
(Use the decimal form of your answer.)
A different solution with an H+ concentration of 1.0 × 10–4 would have a pH =
4
.
1. The amount of OH¯ present in the solution is 0.1 mol/L
2. The amount of H⁺ present in the solution is 0.0000000000001 mol/L
3. The pH of the solution with H⁺ concentration of 1×10⁻⁴ mol/L is 4
1. How to determine the amount of OH¯ in the solutionWe'll begin by obtaining the pOH of the solution
pH = 13pOH =?pH + pOH = 14
13 + pOH = 14
Collect like terms
pOH = 14 - 13
pOH = 1
Finally, we can determine the OH¯
pOH = 1OH¯ =?pOH = –Log [OH¯]
1 = –Log [OH¯]
Multiply through by –1
–1 = Log [OH¯]
Take the anti-log of –1
[OH¯] = anti-log of (–1)
[OH¯] = 0.1 mol/L
2. How to determine the amount of H⁺pH = 13H⁺ =?pH = –Log [H⁺]
13 = –Log [OH¯]
Multiply through by –1
–13 = Log [H⁺]
Take the anti-log of –13
[H⁺] = anti-log of (–13)
[H⁺] = 0.0000000000001 mol/L
3. How to determine the pHH⁺ = 1×10⁻⁴ mol/LpH =?pH = –Log [H⁺]
pH = –Log 1×10⁻⁴
pH = 4
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A 684.6 mL sample of carbon dioxide was heated to 387 K. If the volume of the carbon dioxide sample at 387 K is 933.9 mL, what was its temperature at 684.6 mL
According to Charle's law equation, the volume of a sample of carbon dioxide will be 684.6 mL and the temperature will be 283.60 K.
Charle's law equationAccording to Charles' Law, the volume of a gas container with a certain amount of gas within is precisely proportional to the temperature when the pressure is constant.
Calculation:[tex]V_{1}[/tex] = 684.6 mL
[tex]V_{2}[/tex] = 933.9 mL
[tex]T_{1}[/tex] = ?
[tex]T_{2}[/tex] = 387 K
Using Charle's law equation
[tex]\frac{684.6}{T_{1} } = \frac{933.9}{387}[/tex]
[tex]T_{1} = \frac{2,64,862.8}{933.9}[/tex]
[tex]T_{1} = 283.60 K[/tex]
According to Charle's law equation, the temperature at 684.6 mL volume was 283.60 K.
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Potassium sulfate is added to water. The equation that best represents this process
is:
K₂S(s) → K(s) + 2 S(s)
K₂S(s) K(s) + 2 S(s)
K₂SO4(s) → 2 K (aq) + SO4² (aq)
K₂S(s) 2 K (aq) + S² (aq)
K₂SO4(s) 2 K(s) + SO4(g)
K₂S(s)→2 K (aq) + S² (aq)
K₂SO4(s)→2 K(s) - SO4(g)
K₂SO4(s) 2 K (aq) + SO4²(aq)
The equation that best represents the addition of potassium sulfate to water is [tex]K_2SO_4(s) -- > 2 K^+ (aq) + SO4^{2-} (aq)[/tex]
Dissolution of potassium sulfate in waterWhen potassium sulfate is dissolved in water, it dissociates into its cation and anion according to the following equation:
[tex]K_2SO_4(s) -- > 2 K^+ (aq) + SO4^{2-} (aq)[/tex]
The positive ions are 2 moles of potassium ions while the negative ion is a mole of sulfate ion.
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Which of the following choices represents a balanced chemical equation?
Answer:
the correct answer: 2Ca3(PO4)2 + 6SiO2 -> P4O10 + 6CaSiO3
Explanation:
According to the Arrhenius definitions of acids and bases, choose the bases from the list of acids and bases. Check all that apply.
Answer:
a
d
please give me brainliest
Answer:
A C D. All the other answers got it wrong for Edg3
Explanation:
A scientist observes light from a star with a wavelength 1 of 97 nanometers (9.7 x 108 m). What is the photon energy, E, of this light?
Use this information to help you:
v=£
speed of light in a vacuum, c = 3.00 x 108 meters/second
• Planck's constant, h = 4.136 × 10-15 ev-s
energy of the photon =
Answer:
1.28 x 10⁻¹⁵ eV
Explanation:
To find the energy, you can use the photon energy equation:
E = hc / λ
In this equation,
-----> E = energy (eV)
-----> h = Plank's Constant (4.136 x 10⁻¹⁵ eV*s)
-----> c = speed of light (3.00 x 10⁸ m/s)
-----> λ = wavelength (m)
You can find the energy of the photon by plugging the given values into the equation and solving.
E = hc / λ
E = (4.136 x 10⁻¹⁵ eV*s)(3.00 x 10⁸ m/s) / 9.7 x 10⁸ m
E = 1.2408 x 10⁻⁶ / 9.7 x 10⁸ m
E = 1.28 x 10⁻¹⁵ eV
HELPPP!!! how do i solve this
8. What mass of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is required to prepare 1.5 L of chlorine bleach, if the bleach is a 0.70 mol/L solution of sodium hypochlorite? Show your work and explain each step. The molar mass of sodium hypochlorite is 74.44 g/mol.
9. What is the final concentration when 420 mL of a 12.0 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution is diluted to 2.0 L? Show your work and explain each step.
Taking into account the definition of molarity, molar mass and dilution:
the mass of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) required is 78.162 grams.the final concentration of a sodium hydroxide solution is 2.52 mol/L.Definition of molarityMolar concentration or molarity is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution and indicates the number of moles of solute that are dissolved in a given volume.
The molarity of a solution is calculated by dividing the moles of solute by the volume of the solution:
[tex]molarity=\frac{number of moles}{volume}[/tex]
Molarity is expressed in units [tex]\frac{moles}{L}[/tex].
Definition of molar massThe molar mass of substance is a property defined as its mass per unit quantity of substance, in other words, molar mass is the amount of mass that a substance contains in one mole.
Mass of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO)If the bleach is a 0.70 mol/L solution of sodium hypochlorite and is required to prepare 1.5 L of chlorine bleach, replacing in the definition of molarity you get:
0.70 [tex]\frac{moles}{L}[/tex]=[tex]\frac{number of moles}{1.5 L}[/tex]
Solving:
0.70 [tex]\frac{moles}{L}[/tex]× 1.5 L= number of moles
1.05 moles= number of moles
The molar mass of sodium hypochlorite is 74.44 g/mol. So you can apply the following rule of three: If by definition of molar mass 1 mole of the compound contains 74.44 grams, 1.05 moles of the compound contains how much mass?
[tex]mass=\frac{1..05 molesx74.44 grams}{1 mole}[/tex]
mass= 78.162 grams
Finally, the mass of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) required is 78.162 grams.
DilutionDilution is the process of reducing the concentration of solute in solution, which is accomplished by simply adding more solvent to the solution at the same amount of solute.
In a dilution the amount of solute does not change, but as more solvent is added, the concentration of the solute decreases, as the volume (and weight) of the solution increases.
A dilution is mathematically expressed as:
Ci×Vi = Cf×Vf
where
Ci: initial concentrationVi: initial volumeCf: final concentrationVf: final volumeFinal concentration of sodium hydroxide solutionIn this case, you know:
Ci= 12 mol/LVi= 420 mLCf= ?Vf= 2 L= 2000 mL (being 1 L= 1000 mL)Replacing in the definition of dilution:
12 mol/L× 420mL= Cf× 2000 mL
Solving:
(12 mol/L× 420mL)÷ 2000 mL= Cf
2.52 mol/L= Cf
In summary, the final concentration of a sodium hydroxide solution is 2.52 mol/L.
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In an aqueous solution containing Mn(II) and Mn (IV) salts, which cation would you expect to be the more strongly hydrated
In an aqueous solution containing Mn(II) and Mn (IV) salts, Mn (IV) cation is expected to be the more strongly hydrated.
A chemical event called hydration occurs when two substances interact with water. Since Mn (IV) has a stronger cation with a +4 charge than Mn (II), it will draw more oxygen ions from the Mn(II) in aqueous solution. Mn(IV) will consequently be more intensely hydrated.
Another reason for this is that Mn(IV) ions are often smaller than ions. Now, if we take a look at the element that significantly influences hydration, it is ion size. Therefore, the ion will be more hydrated if it is smaller.
So, In an aqueous solution containing Mn(II) and Mn (IV) salts, Mn (IV) cation is expected to be the more strongly hydrated.
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Increasing the catalytic stability by optimizing the formation of zeolite-supported Mo carbide species ex situ for methane dehydroaromatization
Answer:
The synthesis of zeolite-supported Mo carbide species was studied by testing different reduction/carburization conditions applied to a zeolite-supported Mo oxide catalyst, with the aim to find the optimized treatment conditions necessary to form stable supported Mo carbide catalysts ex situ for application in methane dehydroaromatization reaction. Four types of treatment were performed and studied using temperature-programmed reduction and carburization profiles: (1) heating the catalyst in a reducing gas, H2, up to reaction temperature and switching to CH4; (2) heating the catalyst in a reducing gas, H2, mixed with dilute CH4; (3) heating the catalyst in CH4 up to reaction temperature; and (4) heating the catalyst in an inert gas (commonly He) up to reaction temperature and then switching to CH4 or to H2 followed by CH4 or to H2/CH4 mixture. Each of these processes were stopped at intermediate points to analyze the phases that were present in order to identify the structural evolution of the supported Mo carbides that originate from the supported Mo oxides. Once the supported carbides were formed, they were quenched under the same gas mixture, and then they were each tested in methane dehydroaromatization via previous heating to reaction temperature in He flow. Despite all of them showing only presence of Mo2C species on HZSM-5, the catalytic properties were dramatically different. Catalysts treated in H2 or CH4/H2 showed remarkably higher stability. These catalysts exhibited a higher Mo dispersion and thus exposure on the active surface.
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