Generally, interest income is taxed at preferential capital gains rates and dividend income is taxed at ordinary rates. TRUE or FALSE

The expected profit is $440. At 110 units of output, marginal revenue is $6, marginal cost is $6, and the average cost is $5. The price when consumers demand 110 units of output is $9.

At 110 units of output, marginal revenue is $6, marginal cost is $6, and the average cost is $5. If consumers demand 110 units of output when the price is $9,

In order to find the expected profit, we need to find the total revenue, and total cost:

Expected profit = Total Revenue - Total Cost

Total revenue can be calculated as follows:

Total revenue = Price * Quantity demanded = 9 * 110 = $990

Now, in order to find the total cost, we need to find the total variable cost first which can be calculated as:

Total variable cost = Quantity * Marginal Cost = 110 * $6 = $660

The average cost is given in the question as $5, therefore, the total cost can be calculated as follows:

Total cost = Average cost * Quantity = $5 * 110 = $550

Now, we can find the expected profit using the formula of expected profit which is:

Expected profit = Total Revenue - Total Cost

Expected profit = $990 - $550

Expected profit = $440

Therefore, the expected profit is $440.

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An advantage of a pure project where self-contained teams work full time on a project is when the following D- Lines of communication are shortened.

It is a type of project organization in which a self-contained team works full-time on the project; team members are regularly removed from their functional departments and work under the direction of a project manager.

Here are the advantages of pure project where self-contained teams work full time on a project:

Shortened Lines of Communication:

Hence, option D, Lines of communication are shortened, is the correct choice.

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The losses because of an exchange rate, investment losses, credit risks, and liquidity risks are all examples of financial risk.

Economic risk refers back to the ability for financial loss or negative effect on an agency's economic position because of market fluctuations, creditworthiness, or different elements that affect the cost of belongings or the capacity to meet economic responsibilities.

Exchange price chance happens whilst a organisation has monetary transactions in a overseas foreign money, which may bring about losses due to exchange rate fluctuations. funding losses arise when investments made by means of a organisation decline in cost.

Credit risks stand up while a borrower is not able to pay off debt. Liquidity risks occur while a organisation is not able to satisfy its brief-term economic obligations. effective chance management strategies can assist businesses mitigate economic risks and defend their monetary role.

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The economic conditions that characterized the crash and the beginning of the great depression were marked by the rise of unemployment rates and a decrease in production, investment, and consumer spending.

Statistics were given to illustrate the gravity of the crises. During the great depression, millions of Americans were unemployed, and the poverty rate increased. At the start of the depression in 1929, about 25 percent of Americans were unemployed, and the number rose to around 33 percent by 1933.

Thousands of businesses went bankrupt, and the Dow Jones Industrial Average, a measure of the stock market, lost 89 percent of its value by 1932. Additionally, bank failures were also common, as people rushed to withdraw their money from banks that were unable to pay the deposits.

The farming industry suffered greatly, as prices for crops fell dramatically, and droughts caused massive dust storms that destroyed farms. The severity of the crises was illustrated by statistics such as rising unemployment, a decrease in the Dow Jones Industrial Average, widespread business and bank failures, and the devastation of the farming industry.

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The transaction you are referring to is called a "privatization."

Privatization is the process of transferring ownership and control of a government-owned asset or service to a private sector entity. It involves the sale or lease of state-owned assets or services to private investors or entities. The goal of privatization is to increase efficiency and reduce the burden on the government, by allowing private sector entities to manage and operate these assets or services. Privatization can occur in a variety of industries and sectors, including transportation, telecommunications, utilities, and healthcare.

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The link between the home currency value of a firm's assets and liabilities and exchange rate fluctuations is asset exposure. This is because it is the financial vulnerability. Thus, the correct option will be D.

Asset exposure refers to a firm's financial vulnerability to fluctuations in exchange rates due to its assets. The value of the asset might change as a result of shifts in exchange rates. The asset exposure arises because of differences in accounting and legal reporting norms across national borders. This can influence the firm's balance sheet value and income statement as exchange rates change.

An organization is exposed to exchange rate risk if the value of its asset and liabilities changes as a result of exchange rate movements. An organization is exposed to exchange rate risk if the value of its asset and liabilities changes as a result of exchange rate movement.

Therefore, the correct option will be D.

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The capitalized cost of perpetual service is $4,201,394.23 at i=7%.

To compute the capitalized cost of perpetual service, we need to find the present value of all future costs associated with the system.

Step 1: Calculate the present value of the initial cost of designing and building the system:

PV of initial cost = $830,000

Step 2: Calculate the present value of the recurring maintenance costs:

PV of recurring maintenance costs = $120,000 / 0.07 = $1,714,285.71

Step 3: Calculate the present value of the gear replacement cost at the end of the fifth year:

PV of gear replacement cost = $80,000 / 1.07^5 = $58,099.47

Step 4: Calculate the present value of the annual operating costs for the first 15 years:

PV of annual operating costs for first 15 years = $70,000 x [(1 - (1 / 1.07^15)) / 0.07] = $579,963.94

Step 5: Calculate the present value of the annual operating costs after the first 15 years:

PV of annual operating costs after 15 years = $100,000 / (0.07 - 0.03) / 1.07^15 = $1,019,045.11

Step 6: Add up all the present values to find the capitalized cost of perpetual service:

Capitalized cost of perpetual service = PV of initial cost + PV of recurring maintenance costs + PV of gear replacement cost + PV of annual operating costs for first 15 years + PV of annual operating costs after 15 years

= $830,000 + $1,714,285.71 + $58,099.47 + $579,963.94 + $1,019,045.11

= $4,201,394.23

Therefore, the capitalized cost of perpetual service is $4,201,394.23 at i=7%.

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Identify the internal control principle the company followed the company's suppliers cannot be paid by the recordkeeper. Separate asset custody from recordkeeping. Access is the restricted to only authorized employees using personal ID cards. Use the technical restraints.

Employees cannot consent to the payment for the inventory they are proposing to buy. Distribute accountability for connected acts Each cashier has a dedicated cash drawer that they are only in charge of managing. establish accountability purchased a bonding (insurance) policy to cover losses due to cashier theft. Bond key workers and insure assets. The internal controls are frequently assessed by external auditors. The conduct frequent, impartial reviews

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The question is incomplete complete question is given below

1)The recordkeeper is not permitted to pay the company's suppliers.

2)Personal ID cards are used to limit access to only authorized employees.

3)Employees requesting purchases of inventory cannot approve payment for that inventory

4)Each cashier is designated a specific cash drawer and is solely responsible for cash in that drawer.

5)Purchased an insurance (bonding) policy against losses from theft by a cashier.

6)External auditors are regularly hired to evaluate internal controls.

The full screen is used as part of concept evaluation to help the firm decide whether it should go forward with the concept or quit. This is a technique that is used to test product concepts to evaluate whether or not they should be further developed.

The full-screen technique is usually done after some exploratory research has been conducted. The Full-Screen technique is used in concept testing for a new product, which provides a total concept, including both product and communication ideas. The main goal is to see the product in the context of all other competing and substitute products in the category to determine whether it can get to the top of the heap.

A full-screen method is an excellent tool for making a quick assessment of a new product idea because it helps the company to determine the viability of the concept. The process of creating a product innovation charter begins with the identification of the market need. It's important to remember that this should be a problem that customers are willing to pay to solve, and it must be a need that isn't being met by current products.

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In the following question, among the given options, option B). The "Learning management systems(LMS)" allows companies to track the number of employees who have completed courses that are required to meet state, federal, or professional regulations (compliance training)

What are Learning Management Systems (LMS)? A Learning Management System (LMS) is a web-based software system that enables organizations to deliver and manage employee training and development courses. Learning management systems can be used to track training, automate the training process, and evaluate employee progress in meeting compliance requirements.

LMS can also assist companies in developing tailored training programs for specific roles and skills, as well as allowing for tracking the success of the program over time.

The following are some of the advantages of utilizing an LMS: Streamlined training processesIncreased accessibility to informationIncreased consistency in training program evaluation of employee performance standardized training materialsImproved communication and reporting these are just a few of the advantages of using an LMS for employee training and development.

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There are three ways a firm can identify target markets: by analyzing consumer characteristics, examining existing customers, and researching competitors.

To successfully sell products or services, companies need to identify and understand their target market. One way to do this is to analyze consumer characteristics such as age, gender, income, and lifestyle. Another method is to examine existing customers and determine commonalities among them.

Additionally, researching competitors can provide insight into their target market and identify potential opportunities. Once a target market is identified, companies can create a marketing strategy to effectively promote and reach their audience through advertising, communication, and distribution channels.

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Cost behaviour describes the shift in overall costs as a function of variations in activity level. It is how expenses adjust in response to shifts in production or sales volume.

Cost behaviour describes the shift in overall costs as a function of variations in activity level. That's the Cost behaviour describes how variations in an organization's level of activity affect its overall expenses. In other terms, it refers to the connection between activities and expenses. Activity might relate to the quantity produced, the volume of sales, or any other cost-influencing aspect. For organisations to make educated choices regarding pricing, budgeting, and resource allocation, they must have a solid understanding of cost behaviour. For instance, a business could have variable expenses that change according to the degree of activity and fixed costs that are always the same.

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due to consumer wealth, This can be seen from the difference between the total increase in output for Westlandia and Eastlandia - Westlandia's MPC is 0.5, resulting in an increase in output of $715,703,125, while Eastlandia's MPC is 0.75, resulting in an increase in output of $1,605,783,109.

Due to an increase in consumer wealth, there is a billion autonomous increase in consumer spending in the economies of Westlandia and Eastlandia. Assuming that the aggregate price level is constant, the interest rate is fixed in both countries, and there are no taxes and no foreign trade, the accompanying tables show the various rounds of increased spending that will occur in both economies if the marginal propensity to consume is 0.5 in Westlandia and 0.75 in Eastlandia.

Table 1: Westlandia
Round of Spending    Increase in Consumption  Increase in Output
1st  $1,000,000,000  $500,000,000
2nd  $250,000,000  $125,000,000
3rd  $62,500,000  $31,250,000
4th  $15,625,000  $7,812,500
5th  $3,906,250  $1,953,125
Total  $1,431,406,250  $715,703,125

Table 2: Eastlandia
Round of Spending    Increase in Consumption  Increase in Output
1st  $1,000,000,000  $750,000,000
2nd  $562,500,000  $422,187,500
3rd  $328,125,000  $246,093,750
4th  $193,359,375  $146,569,531
5th  $115,611,719  $87,208,638
Total  $2,210,718,813  $1,605,783,109

These results indicate that the higher the marginal propensity to consume (MPC), the higher the multiplier effect. This can be seen from the difference between the total increase in output for Westlandia and Eastlandia - Westlandia's MPC is 0.5, resulting in an increase in output of $715,703,125, while Eastlandia's MPC is 0.75, resulting in an increase in output of $1,605,783,109.

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The main purpose of risk identification in an organization is to understand threats to critical resources.

Risk identification refers to the process of identifying and evaluating potential risks to an organization's assets, processes, and operations. It is the first phase of the risk management process, and it is crucial to the success of risk management.

A risk identification program should include the following components: A framework for identifying and assessing risks. The methodology that is used to identify and assess risks. A systematic approach to identifying risks based on organizational goals and objectives. A procedure for reporting, tracking, and responding to identified risks.

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1. Determine the number of days past due for each of the preceding accounts. If an account is not past due, enter a zero.

An account is an arrangement whereby two or more parties agree to exchange goods or services in return for payment. It is a relationship between an individual or business, known as a customer, and a financial institution, such as a bank or credit union. The customer deposits money into the account and can then withdraw it, as well as use it to make payments.

Customer Due Date Number of Days Past Due Arcade Beauty Aug. 17 168 Creative Images Oct. 30 60 Excel Hair Products July 3 252 First Class Hair Care Sept. 8 112 Golden Images Nov. 23 28 Oh That Hair Nov. 29 0 One Stop Hair Designs Dec. 7 0 Visions Hair & Nail Jan. 11 344

2. Complete the aging of receivables schedule by adding the omitted accounts to the bottom of the schedule and updating the totals. If an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank.

Wig Creations Company Aging of Receivables Schedule December 31, 2017

Not Past Due Days Past Due 1-30 Days Past Due 31-60 Days Past Due 61-90 Days Past Due 91-120 Days Past Due Over 120 Balance Customer ABC Beauty 21,000 Angel Wigs 21,000 7,300 4,300 7,300 Zodiac Beauty 4,300 Arcade Beauty 4,800 Creative Images 4,900 Excel Hair Products 8,500 First Class Hair Care 7,400 Golden Images 3,000 Oh That Hair 2,900 One Stop Hair Designs

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In the following question, among the given options, option (2). If a company assumes that its inventory costs flow out in the opposite order from which the goods were purchased, it uses LIFO to value its inventory.

What is LIFO?LIFO is the abbreviation for Last-In-First-Out. It is a method of inventory valuation that is used by firms to calculate the cost of the inventory sold to customers. This method assumes that the most recently bought inventory is the first to be sold, and that the items purchased first are still on hand. Inventories have a major impact on a company's financial statements, especially the balance sheet and income statement. The expenses of goods sold, inventory valuation, and profit before taxes are all affected by the inventory system that is utilized by the firm.

LIFO is the most widely used inventory valuation system in the United States because it has the advantage of lowering the cost of goods sold, which reduces the amount of taxable income and taxes paid by the firm. Because of its simplicity, it is widely used in small businesses. Inventories are kept in a LIFO inventory system based on the most recent purchases. The units left are assumed to be the ones bought before the most recent purchase. When these units are sold, they are measured at the most recent price. In order to value their ending inventory, LIFO firms must re-calculate the cost of their inventory each year, which can be time-consuming and expensive.

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The MOST consistent statement with the I/O view is " the resources the firm possesses is MOST consistent with the I/O (Industrial Organization) view". Option B is the correct answer.

The I/O (Industrial Organization) view suggests that a firm's performance is primarily determined by external factors, such as the structure of the industry in which the firm competes. According to this view, firms that possess superior resources, such as skilled labor, access to capital, and advanced technology, are more likely to achieve competitive advantage and outperform their rivals.

This implies that the resources the firm possesses are the most directly attributable to its performance, as stated in option b. Thus, option B is the correct answer.

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The confidence interval for the population mean is between 36.551 and 43.449 with a 99% confidence level. This means that if we repeated this sampling process many times, we can expect the true population means to be within this range in 99% of cases.

To develop a 99% confidence interval for the population mean, we can use the t-distribution since the sample size is less than 30 and the population standard deviation is unknown. The formula for the confidence interval is:

Confidence interval = sample mean ± (t-value x standard error)

where the standard error is equal to the sample standard deviation divided by the square root of the sample size:

Standard error = sample standard deviation / sqrt(sample size)

First, we can calculate the t-value using the t-distribution table with a degree of freedom of 48 (sample size minus 1) and a 99% confidence level. The t-value is approximately 2.682.

Next, we can calculate the standard error:

Standard error = 9 / sqrt(49) = 1.286

Then, we can calculate the confidence interval:

Confidence interval = 40 ± (2.682 x 1.286) = (36.551, 43.449)

The answer provided in the question is correct but it should be rounded to 3 decimal places as 36.552 and 43.448.

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Complete question:

Forty-nine items are randomly selected from a population of 500 items. The sample mean is 40 and the sample standard deviation is 9. (Use t Distribution Table & z Distribution Table.) Develop a 99% confidence interval for the population means. (Round your final answers to 3 decimal places.) The answer is complete but not entirely correct. The confidence interval is between 36.552 and 43.448

Telecommuting refers to work that is conducted in a remote location where the employee has limited contact with peers but is able to communicate electronically.The option B is the correct answer.

Telecommuting refers to work that is conducted in a remote location where the employee has limited contact with peers but can communicate electronically. Telecommuting, also known as teleworking, is a form of remote work that allows individuals to work from their homes, coffee shops, or any other location of their choosing.

It is a fantastic way for people to save time and money by avoiding the daily commute while still getting the job done. Other possible options to this question are Blended learning, Cloud computing, and Tele immersion. Blended learning refers to the combination of traditional classroom instruction with online learning.

Cloud computing is a method of storing and accessing data and applications over the internet. Tele-immersion is a type of virtual reality technology that allows people to interact with a remote location as if they were there. The option B is the correct answer.

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Option a, b, and c are generally considered to be the important trends that are becoming evident in the marketing research industry.

Marketing research is the systematic process of collecting and analyzing data to help businesses make informed decisions. It is concerned with determining what products or services consumers want, and how best to market them so that they will buy them.

Therefore, the following are the important trends that are becoming evident in the marketing research industry:

Option a: A broader international client base

Option b: Expanded use of digital technology to acquire and retrieve information

Option c: Movement toward technology-related data management

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Given, An individual wants to make an initial payment p at year 0 hoping to get $400 annually from year 5 to year 10 (6 years) and the interest rate is 8%.

To calculate the initial payment, we use the Present value of annuity formula. PV of annuity formula is: PVA = (C/r)(1 – 1 / (1 + r)^n)Here, C is the cash flow, r is the discount rate, n is the number of periods. We can calculate the present value of the annuity from years 5 to 10 using the PV of annuity formula. The annuity payment is $400 for 6 years, so C = $400, n = 6 and r = 8%. So, the present value of the annuity is: PVA = (400 / 0.08) (1 - 1 / (1 + 0.08)^6)= (5,000) (0.401) = $2,005.63 Thus, the individual needs to make an initial payment of $2,005.63 at year 0 to receive $400 annually from year 5 to year 10 (6 years) at an 8% interest rate.

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In the final analysis, the inventory cost for Manchester is $22,880.

Inventory purchases are inventory-related transactions in which goods are acquired by a company for the purpose of resale to customers.

Inventory purchases are journalized by debiting the Purchases account and crediting the Accounts Payable account or Cash account.

The journal entries for Manchester's purchase transactions are as follows:

Jan. 2: Purchased inventory worth $23,000 on account with credit terms of 3/15, n/45, FOB shipping point.

Accounts Payable (23,000) Debit Purchases (23,000) Credit

Jan. 5: Freight charge of $120 paid. Accounts Payable (120) Debit Cash (120) Credit

Jan. 7: $6,400 worth of inventory returned due to damage during shipment.

Accounts Payable (6,400) Credit Merchandise Inventory (6,400) Debit

Jan. 14: The amount owed, less return and discount, was paid. Cash (16,102) Debit Accounts Payable (15,680) Debit Purchases Discount (422) Debit Merchandise Inventory (22,880) Credit

Therefore, the inventory cost for Manchester is $22,880.

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A short seller earns the difference between what they initially paid for the stock versus what they later sell the stock for. This statement is true and it is the correct answer.

Short selling is a trading strategy in which the seller sells the stock or security that they do not possess. They earn profits by selling the borrowed shares in the market at a high price, and then buying them back again at a lower price to replace the borrowed shares.This means that the trader who sold the shares does not actually own the stock, so they have to borrow it from a broker or other holder who owns the shares. They then sell the borrowed shares to someone else who is willing to pay a high price for the shares, hoping that the price will fall later on. They will then buy back the same amount of shares they borrowed at a lower price, return them to the original holder, and make a profit based on the difference between the initial selling price and the final purchase price.A short seller does not anticipate that the price of the stock sold short will increase because if that happens, they will be forced to buy back the shares at a higher price, resulting in a loss of money. A short seller also does not lend the stock to another investor and receive it back because the stock is borrowed from a broker or other holder, not another investor. After subtracting any dividend payments made, the short seller does not make a profit equal to the difference between the original sell price and the price paid for the stock because the price paid for the stock is not the price at which the shares were sold.

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The probability that 10 or more of the original 5000 components fail during the useful life of the product can be approximated using a normal distribution.

Using a binomial distribution, the probability that 10 or fewer components fail is 0.99. To calculate the probability that 10 or more components fail, subtract 0.99 from 1, giving a probability of 0.01.

Therefore, the probability that 10 or more of the original 5000 components fail during the useful life of the product is approximately 0.01.

To approximate the probability that 10 or more components fail, a normal distribution can be used. Using the normal approximation, the probability of 10 or more components failing can be calculated as 1 minus the cumulative probability of 10 or fewer components failing.

This probability can be found by subtracting the cumulative probability of 10 or fewer components failing from 1. This gives an approximate probability that 10 or more of the original 5000 components fail during the useful life of the product of 0.01.

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The DVD is rotating with an ever-increasing speed, meaning its angular velocity is increasing over time.

At point P and point Q, the centripetal acceleration, arad, and tangential acceleration, atan, will both be increasing as the angular velocity increases. The centripetal acceleration, arad, is the rate of change of the velocity vector, and is always directed toward the center of the circle. The tangential acceleration, atan, is the rate of change of the angular velocity, and is always tangential to the circle. Therefore, at point P and point Q, the centripetal acceleration and the tangential acceleration will both be increasing as the angular velocity increases.

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In figuring out the most appropriate level of output, a firm need to goal for the factor of maximum profitability for the company

financial profit is maximized at the output stage at which the slopes of the overall sales and overall price curves are same, furnished that the firm is covering its variable cost. to use the marginal decision rule in earnings maximization, the company produces the output at which marginal cost equals marginal revenue.The earnings-maximizing choice for a wonderfully competitive firm will arise at the extent of output wherein marginal sales is identical to marginal cost—that is, where MR = MC.


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The optimal level of output for a firm is the point of maximum profitability, which is found where marginal cost equals marginal revenue.

In determining the optimal level of output, a firm should aim for the point of maximum profitability for the company. This level is obtained where marginal cost equals marginal revenue (MC=MR). In this situation, the firm maximizes its profits as it is able to sell its output at the highest possible price that exceeds its marginal cost.

Points where decreasing returns become negative or where fixed costs exceed variable costs do not necessarily represent the optimal output level. Similarly, output levels where marginal returns are still increasing may be suboptimal if they are below the level where MC=MR.

A real-world example could be a shoe manufacturing company, they would aim to produce and sell at a level where their cost per shoe (MC) equals the extra revenue from selling an extra shoe (MR) to maximize their profitability.

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The optimal order quantity for this product is approximately 848 units. The business could order fewer units to meet the same level of demand, which could result in lower holding costs.

In inventory management, EOQ stands for Economic Order Quantity. It is a mathematical formula that helps to determine the optimal order quantity that a business should place for a particular product to minimize the total cost of ordering and holding inventory.

Given the information provided, we can calculate the EOQ as follows:

EOQ = √(2DS/H)

where D = annual demand, S = setup cost per order, and H = holding cost per unit per year.

Substituting the given values, we get:

EOQ = √(2 x 8,000 x 45 / 2)

EOQ = √(720,000)

EOQ ≈ 848 units

If the demand doubles to 16,000 units, the EOQ formula would yield a new value, assuming that the other factors remain the same. The new EOQ would be approximately 1,196 units. This means that the business would need to place larger orders to meet the increased demand, which could result in higher ordering and holding costs.

If the holding cost drops to half, the EOQ formula would yield a lower value, assuming that the other factors remain the same. The new EOQ would be approximately 602 units. However, it is important to note that decreasing the holding cost too much could lead to stockouts and lost sales, which would negatively impact the business's revenue and customer satisfaction.

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"The Purchases Returns and Allowances account is a contra cost of goods sold account, and the normal balance of this account is a credit."

The Purchases Returns and Allowances account is used to record any returns of merchandise or allowances granted to customers. As a contra account, it offsets the Cost of Goods Sold account, which is a standard expense account. The Purchases Returns and Allowances account has a normal credit balance, which means that any increases to this account are recorded as credits, and any decreases are recorded as debits.

This is because a credit balance in this account indicates that the company has received credits from its suppliers for returned or defective merchandise, or for allowances granted for damaged or unsatisfactory goods. Ultimately, the balance in this account will be deducted from the total cost of goods sold to determine the company's net cost of goods sold.

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Economics is considered a social science because it studies human behavior and how individuals and societies allocate their limited resources to satisfy their unlimited wants and needs.

What is Economics?

Economics is a branch of social science that studies how people interact with each other and their environment to produce goods and services, exchange these goods and services, and consume them. Economics is a social science, not a physical science. This is due to the fact that it is concerned with human behavior and choices, which are difficult to model mathematically or precisely define.

Economics is concerned with how people allocate scarce resources, including land, labor, and capital, to produce goods and services that are in demand in the marketplace. Economics also examines how people make decisions about consuming, saving, and investing their money.

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In the extended IS-LM model, when X increases leading to a decrease in output, the better policy tool is monetary policy, and not fiscal policy.

In the extended IS-LM model, monetary policy is better than fiscal policy because its effects are more immediate and direct than those of fiscal policy. In the economy, there are two major policy tools used to manipulate the demand for goods and services.

Monetary policy is a better policy tool to stabilize output in the extended IS-LM model because its effects are more immediate and direct than those of fiscal policy. By adjusting the interest rates or reserve requirements, central banks can influence the aggregate demand for goods and services, which can help to stabilize output levels.

Conversely, fiscal policy can have delayed effects on the economy. Fiscal policy includes government spending, and it can take a while to implement such spending. Additionally, fiscal policy changes may require political consensus, which can be challenging to achieve quickly.

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