Answers
A mutation is a random change in DNA which therefore affects a gene and/or chromosome. Most mutations have no effect on the phenotype. Some influence phenotype to some extent. Very few create a new phenotype. Mutations can be inherited and therefore passed on from one individual to another. If a mutation causes a new phenotype that makes an organisms better suited to a particular environment, it can lead to rapid change in the characteristics of the individuals in that species.
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Related Questions
What is the phenotypic percentage of the offspring when two heterozygous tall TT pea plants are crossed?
Answers
When two heterozygous tall pea plants (Tt) are crossed, the phenotypic percentage of the offspring being tall or short depends on the alleles they inherit from their parents. The chance of inheriting a particular allele from each parent is 50%.
A Punnett square can be used to determine the phenotypic percentage or the probability of different genotypes and phenotypes in the offspring. A Punnett square for the cross between two heterozygous tall pea plants would look like the picture attached.
As you can see, half of the offspring will be Tt (tall) and half will be tt (short). Therefore, the phenotypic percentage of the offspring is as follows:
Tall: 50% (Tt)
Short: 50% (tt)
It is important to note that even though the parents are heterozygous, they only express the dominant trait (tall) and not the recessive (short) trait. This means that the offspring that are homozygous recessive (tt) will express the short phenotype.
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During what phase of mitosis do centromeres divide?
Answers
The sister chromatids of each chromosome begin dividing at the anaphase II stage and migrate to the ends of the cell.
Kinetochore microtubule shortening causes separation and migration.
Telophase II precedes Late II.
Anaphase II during meiosis is comparable to anaphase during mitosis. Centromeres appear as contractile regions of chromosomes and play an important role in helping cells break down their DNA during division (mitosis and meiosis). In particular, the area where the cell's spindle fibers attach.
The centromere divides during the late II stage of meiosis II. Thus, during meiosis II, the daughter cell's number of chromosomes remains the same as it was at the beginning of meiosis II or at the end of meiosis I, which is exactly half the number of chromosomes in the original parent and mother cells.
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which part of the eye changes the shape of the lens
Answers
The part of the eye that changes the shape of the lens is controlled by the ciliary muscles inside the eye.
The ciliary muscle is a ring of smooth striated muscles present in the human eye. This muscle functions to keep the lens in place, to change the shape of the lens so that light can be focused on the retina, and to produce aqueous humor, which is the fluid that causes the eye to maintain its shape.
How the ciliary muscle works, when the eye looks at objects that are close up, the ciliary muscles of the eye will contract so that the lens will thicken (convex) to capture incoming light. The incoming light is then focused so that it falls right on the retina.
if the ciliary muscle is unable to contract, the eye will not accommodate when looking at objects that are far or near.
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Where does the second stage of cellular respiaration occur
Answers
apicomplexans are currently assigned to the chromalveolates because __________.
Answers
Apicomplexans are currently assigned to the chromalveolates because of their shared characteristics, including the presence of a unique organelle called the apical complex and a shared evolutionary origin.
The Apicomplexans are a diverse group of unicellular organisms that are known for their unique apical complex, which is a set of specialized organelles that are used for host cell invasion, and a shared evolutionary origin with other chromalveolates. The chromalveolates are a diverse group of organisms that includes dinoflagellates, ciliates, and diatoms, among others. They are characterized by a unique type of plastid called a chromoplast, which gives them their name.
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What is the impact of the increasing volume as a cell grows on the surface area?
Answers
The effect of increasing volume as cells grow over the surface area is the production of melanin or the pigment that gives skin its color.
What are cells growing on the surface?Cells growing on the surface area with excessive volume can cause melanoma. Melanoma can also be caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight or tanning lamps. To reduce the risk of this condition, a person needs to limit exposure to UV radiation.
The risk of this disease appears to be increased in people under the age of 40, especially in women. Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer.
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King was largely responsible for the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The Civil Rights Act banned discrimination in the workforce and public accommodations based on “race, color, religion, or national origin.” The Voting Rights Act protects African Americans' right to vote.
Answers
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 were primarily made possible because to the work of Martin Luther King Jr. By prohibiting discrimination on the basis of "race, color, religion, or national origin," the Civil Rights Act applied to the workplace and public spaces. African Americans have their right to vote protected by the Voting Rights Act.
what is civil right act?The historic Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, and national origin. This civil rights act's provisions prohibited discrimination in hiring, promoting, and firing on the basis of sex in addition to race.
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Students in a class are studying patterns of inheritance using genes involved in determining the body color and wing shape of Drosophila flies. Each of the genes has only two alleles, one of which is completely dominant to the other.
Each student in the class performed a parental cross between a fly that is true-breeding for ebony body and vestigial wings and a fly that is true-breeding for gray body and long wings. Each student then crossed several pairs of the F1
flies and determined the phenotypes of 500 of the resulting F2
flies with respect to body color and wing shape. The students in the class averaged their data for the frequencies of the four possible phenotypes (Table 1).
The students performed a second cross. The parental cross was between flies that are true-breeding for gray bodies and long wings and flies that are true-breeding for ebony bodies and curly wings. They crossed pairs of F1
flies and determined the phenotypes of the resulting F2
flies. The students found an approximate 3:1
ratio of flies with the dominant phenotype (gray bodies and long wings) to flies with the recessive phenotype (ebony bodies and curly wings). Only a few of the flies expressed the dominant phenotype of one trait and the recessive phenotype of the other trait.
(b) Using the template, construct an appropriately labeled graph, including error bars, to represent the data in Table 1. Based on the data in Table 1, determine whether there is a significant difference between the number of flies in each of the four phenotypes.
Ebony body
Answers
Genetics refers to the area of biology that focuses on genes and patterns of gene inheritance over successive generations. Alleles can be divided into two categories: dominant and recessive.
What are three laws of genetics?George Mendel's laws of genetics, also known as Mendel's principles of inheritance, are three laws that explain how traits are passed down from parents to their offspring.The first law is the law of segregation, which states that during the formation of gametes (sex cells), the two copies of each gene (one from each parent) separate from each other, so that each gamete receives only one copy of each gene.The second law is the law of dominance, which states that when different versions of a gene (alleles) are present, one allele will be dominant and will be expressed, while the other allele will be recessive and will not be expressed.The third law is the law of independent assortment, which states that the inheritance of one gene is independent of the inheritance of another gene. This means that the inheritance of one trait does not affect the inheritance of another trait.To learn more about George Mendel's laws refer:
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Question 2 of 10
Which element of the scientific process cannot be changed?
OA. A theory
B. An experimental procedure
о C. A hypothesis
OD. A data record
Answers
'A theory' is an element in the scientific process cannot be changed.
What is a theory?
A theory is an explanation or set of principles that attempts to explain a phenomenon. It is based on observations and hypotheses, and is used to make predictions about future events. Theories are often tested through experimentation and observation, and may be revised or rejected if the evidence does not support them.
A theory is an explanation for why and how something works that is supported by evidence and has been tested multiple times. Once a theory has been established, it cannot be changed.
Hence, Option A is correct.
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What do you observe about these radios
Answers
Answer:
Radio observations can be used to extract information about the (sub)surface layers of planetary bodies. The temperature structure of the (sub)surface layers of airless bodies depends upon a balance between solar insolation, heat transport within the crust, and reradiation outward.
Explanation:
What are the duties and responsibilities of a biomedical engineer?
Answers
The duties of a biomedical engineer include application of engineering principles to produce designs which can help in diagnosis, treatment or improving the quality of life in patients.
Biomedical engineering is a growing field in which there is an application of design concepts and also the principles of engineering in the healthcare sector. It focuses on developing instruments which help in diagnosis and treatment of diseases improving the quality of human life developing a more thorough understanding on how living organisms function etc.
A biomedical engineer must understand the need of the patient and work on developing practical designs which can help solve those problems. An example is prosthetics for people with amputated limbs. They must develop an integrated understanding of the specific needs before they design a product. Biomedical engineers also work to produce instruments or even software which can help in better diagnosis of diseases.
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The fossil record of birds is said to be incomplete. What is a possible reason for an incomplete fossil record?.
Answers
Due to the rarity of fossilisation, the fossil record is thought to be incomplete. The majority of living things die soon and scatter their remains.
What could be the reasons for incomplete fossil records?The fossil record is incomplete for numerous reasons. After dying, the majority of organisms decayed or were consumed by scavengers. Hard components, which are significantly more prone to fossilise, were absent from several species.
What presents the primary challenge for the fossil record?Due to the fact that many early forms of life had soft bodies and so left little fossils behind, there exist gaps in the fossil record. There may have been no remains left because of geological activity.
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what gas is required in order for photosynthesis to occur?
a. O2
b. H2O
c. CO2
d. OH2O
Answers
Answer:
CO2
Explanation:
what is nerve impulse
Answers
Answer: The nervous impulse is also called 'action potential'. It refers to the electric signal produced by a neuron when stimulated. This signal is then transmitted by synapses, or connections between the cells.
Answer:
a signal transmitted along a nerve fibre. It consists of a wave of electrical depolarization that reverses the potential difference across the nerve cell membranes.
Explanation:
Treatments for achondroplasis
Answers
Answer:
There is no specific treatment for achondroplasia other than managing symptoms. Monitoring height, weight and head circumference is recommended during early diagnosis in infants to track growth progress.
Explanation:
A single base substitution can occur in the first, second, or third position of a codon. Propose which position the point mutation is most likely to go unnoticed.
Why? Use examples from the codon wheel to support your answer.
Answers
The first, second, or third positions of a codon can all experience a single-base replacement. What position is the highest likelihood that the point mutation will go undetected? In the third slot, a substitute has the highest chance of going unnoticed.
What would happen if a substitution occurred in the first or second base of a codon?A mutation known as a substitution is one that switches one base for another (i.e., alters just one "chemical letter," for as changing an A to a G). A codon may be changed to one that codes for a different amino acid, which would result in a minor modification to the protein that is made.For instance, twofold degenerate codons can withstand silence mutation rather than Missense or Nonsense point mutations at the third position, whereas fourfold degenerate codons can tolerate any point mutation at the third position, although codon usage bias restricts this in practice in many organisms.If a base substitution takes place in the codon's third position, there is a strong likelihood that a synonymous codon will be produced. The mutation is referred to as silent since the gene's encoded amino acid sequence is unaltered.To Learn more About single-base replacement Refer To:
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Describe the interaction of the root and shoot systems during nutrient transport. Be sure to include the functions of roots and leaves in relation to water, sugar, and other important nutrients.
Answers
Water, nutrients, & photosynthates can move more easily throughout a plant thanks to the design of its roots, stems, and leaves. The principal tissues causing this movement are the phloem and xylem.
What exactly are biological photosynthates?
Plants manufacture oxygen and sugar-based energy through a process known as photosynthesis, which uses sunlight, water, & carbon dioxide.
What are the applications of photosynthates?
According to Eissenstat (1992; Eissenstat & Yanai 1997), plant roots use photosynthesize to maintain existing tissue, absorb ions, and produce new roots. Of course, fine roots serve as the carbon storage site of mycorrhizae (Leake et al. 2001).
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What is it that is so awesome about birds? If you ask people that question, chances are they will likely respond with "they can fly!" .... It appears that there is not much a
bird cannot do (other than use a computer).
1. scientific evidence suggests that assumptions based on anecdotes may be incorrect
2. reproducible anecdote allows people to assume knowledge, despite a lack of replicated scientific evidence
3. scientists propose explanations for their findings, which allow other scientists to create rival explanations and hypotheses
4. reproducibility in anecdotal observations
Answers
Answer:
they can go anywhere they want. they can just sit on top of a traffic light if that’s what they want. humans can’t do that so in my opinion that’s pretty neat.
Explanation:
tbh i’m not sure what kind of answer you’re looking for… but here you go anyway
The reaction of reactant results in the change in the atoms bonded to the compounds and results in the product with varying amount of stoichiometric coefficient in the product.
Answers
The reaction of reactant results in the change in the atoms bonded to the compounds and results in the product with varying amount of stoichiometric coefficient in the product.
What is a chemical reaction?At a specific temperature and chemical concentration, chemical reactions occur at a predictable reaction rate. Because there is more thermal energy available to attain the activation energy required to break bonds between atoms, reaction rates often increase as temperature rises. Up until they are finished or reach equilibrium, reactions can move forward or backward.
Reactants or reagents are the or substances that are initially utilized in a chemical reaction.
Stoichiometry is a crucial idea in chemistry that enables us to compute reactant and product amounts using balanced chemical equations. We employ the ratios from the balanced equation in this situation.
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How many atoms are in 2.00 moles?
Answers
The number of atoms in 2.00 moles is 1.204 × 10²⁴.
The international unit for atoms and molecules is the mole. One mole of a substance is the amount of substance that contains as many elementary particles as Avogadro's number (L), which is 6.02 x 10²³. The number of moles is represented by the symbol n.
1 mole of an element = 6.02 x 10²³ atoms of that element
1 mole of compound = 6.02 x 10²³ molecules of that compound
So that:
number of atoms = moles × Avogadro's number
number of atoms = 2.00 ×6.02 x 10²³
number of atoms = 1.204 × 10²⁴
So, the number of an atom is 1.204 × 10²⁴.
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Which factor given is the most significant agent of erosion?
O acidity
O temperature
O wind
O pressure
Answers
Answer:
Wind
Wind also contributes to erosion, such that it moves the soil particles from one place to another. The strong winds or gusts also result in dust storms
According to the "iceberg effect," which of the following training adaptations are considered "surface level"?
Select one:
a. Stability
b. Endurance
c. Proper movement
d. Mobility
Answers
Endurance leads to training adaptations to the surface level.
Hence, Option B is correct.
American author Ernest Hemingway is credited with inventing the iceberg theory, also known as the theory of omission. Hemingway had to limit the context and interpretation in his newspaper articles when he was a young journalist by writing about current events only. It exemplifies the "anxiety iceberg," which compares the more subtle symptoms of anxiety (such as procrastination and excessive worry about the possibility of something negative happening) to the iceberg's surface. The obvious symptoms of anxiety include avoidance, argument, and tantrums. Like an iceberg, much of personality is concealed from view. The majority of who we really are is concealed and tightly guarded so that no one will ever see it. Desire to appear attractive in front of others is common, but when people hide who they really are,
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If the road is larger then there will be fewer birds crossing, fewer birds living in the nearby forest, and different types of birds that do cross the road, compared to smaller roads
1. Observation
2. Question
3. Collect Evidence
4. Hypothesis
Answers
Question: How does road size affect the number and types of birds crossing, living in nearby forests?
Collect Evidence: To investigate this question, researchers could conduct surveys and/or studies to gather data on the numbers and types of birds crossing and living in nearby forests of different-sized roads. They could also collect data on road size and other factors that might influence the presence and abundance of birds.
Hypothesis: The passage implies that larger roads have a negative impact on the number and types of birds crossing and living in nearby forests compared to smaller roads. But the statement does not provide clear hypothesis, it just presents an observation. But this could be the starting point for a research.
How do rainforests reduce carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere?
Answers
Rainforests sequester and store carbon. Forest ecosystems absorb roughly 2 billion tons of CO2 each year, making them the largest terrestrial carbon sinks on Earth. They capture, or sequester, carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and transform it into biomass through photosynthesis.
About rainforestRainforests are characterized by a closed and continuous tree canopy, moisture-dependent vegetation, the presence of epiphytes and lianas and the absence of wildfire. Rainforest can be classified as tropical rainforest or temperate rainforest, but other types have been described.
Estimates vary from 40% to 75% of all biotic species being indigenous to the rainforests.
There may be many millions of species of plants, insects and microorganisms still undiscovered in tropical rainforests. Tropical rainforests have been called the "jewels of the Earth" and the "world's largest pharmacy", because over one quarter of natural medicines have been discovered there.
Rainforests as well as endemic rainforest species are rapidly disappearing due to deforestation, the resulting habitat loss and pollution of the atmosphere.
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Which water-based ecosystem can be found in all regions of North Carolina?
Salt marsh
Estuary
Ocean
Pond
Answers
Salt marsh a water based ecosystem can be found in all the regions of North Carolina.
What is ecosystem of North Carolina?The coastal plains ecoregion includes the mid-Atlantic east of the fall line and tidal coasts (oceans, sounds, barrier islands, mainland brackish waters and salt marshes). Roughly following he can be divided into two sections.
An intertidal zone (Lower Coastal Plain), which is mostly flat and marshy, and an inner portion (Upper Coastal Plain), which consists of gently sloping land that is better drained than the rest. The Upper Coastal Plane includes the Sandhills Ecoregion. Average elevation is about 200 feet at the Fall Line (or distance from Piedmont to the western border), with most mainland landscapes generally dropping to elevations below 50 feet, with barrier islands near sea level .
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Damage to the corpora quadrigemina would interfere with..
-regulation of body temperature. conscious control of skeletal muscles.
-visual and auditory reflex movements of the head and neck.
-control of autonomic function.
control of breathing.
Answers
Answer: regulation of body temperature. conscious control of skeletal muscles.
Explanation:
Which is the correct interpretation of the standard deviation? the number of eggs laid on a randomly selected day would typically vary from the expected number of eggs by 1. 96 eggs. The mean number of eggs laid on a randomly selected day would typically vary by 1. 96 from the expected number of eggs. The number of eggs laid on a randomly selected day would typically vary from the expected number of eggs by 1. 4 eggs. The mean number of eggs laid on a randomly selected day would typically vary by 1. 4 from the expected number of eggs.
Answers
The amount of eggs laid on a randomly chosen day would normally differ from the anticipated amount by 1.4 eggs, according to the accurate interpretation of the discrete distribution's standard deviation.
What is a standard deviation defined as?The degree of data dispersion from the mean is described by the phrase "standard deviation" (or ""). When the standard deviation is low, the data cluster around the mean; when it is high, the data are widely spread.
How come standard deviation is employed?Standard deviation is significant because it facilitates comprehension of measurements when data is scattered. The data's standard deviation will increase in proportion to how widely spread the data is.
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Proteins with all essential amino acids are found primarily in ______-based foods.
Answers
Meat, dairy products, nuts, and some grains and legumes are good sources of protein in your diet. Complete proteins can be found in meat and other animal products.
Which foods made of plants have all nine necessary amino acids?In East Asian cuisine, tofu, tempeh, and edamame are all products made from soybeans. Whole sources of protein include soybeans. In other words, they give your body all the critical amino acids it need.
Do mostly animal-based meals have proteins that contain all nine necessary amino acids?Complete proteins are those found in animal products like meat, eggs, and milk because they contain all the essential amino acids our bodies require. The highest-quality sources of protein are found in animal products.
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All of the following are correct about olestra except:
A. it is digestible.
B. it is an artificial fat.
C. it is a combination of sucrose and fatty acids.
D. it does not contribute calories to food.
Answers
Olestra is an artificial fat formed of combination of sucrose and fatty acids. It is not digestible.
Olestra is a synthetic fat which is used in a lot of products. It is a substitute to the natural fat used in snacks like potato chips and adds no calories to the product. It is composed of combination of sucrose's hexa, hepta and octa esters as backbone instead of the usual glycerol along with other fatty acids.
It is able to pass through the digestive tract undigested. It has a few side effects like fat soluble vitamins are not absorbed by the body and are excreted out along with olestra.
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Meiosis involves divisions in which one germ cell divides into four gametes. Is the cell division of in which the number of chromosomes is.
Answers
One germ cell splits twice during meiosis to produce four haploid gametes. Meiosis is the process by which gametes divide into two cells with a diploid number of chromosomes.
In meiosis, how many chromosomes are there?chromosomes 23. Half of the original 46 chromosomes, or 23 chromosomes, will be present in each daughter cell. There are two sister chromatids on each chromosome. The daughter cells now enter meiosis II, the third and last stage of meiosis.
Meiosis: What is it?Meiosis: What is it? A single cell divides twice during the meiotic process to produce four haploid daughter cells. The gametes—eggs in females and sperm in males—are these cells.
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