Currency futures can be used by multinational corporations (MNCs) to hedge their exchange rate risk.
This is done by entering into a futures contract to buy or sell a specific amount of a foreign currency at a future date and at a predetermined exchange rate. By doing this, the MNC can protect itself from adverse fluctuations in the exchange rate.For example, if an MNC expects to receive payment in euros in six months, but is concerned that the euro might weaken against the dollar, it can enter into a futures contract to sell euros at the current exchange rate.
This will protect the MNC from any potential losses if the euro does indeed weaken against the dollar.On the other hand, if the MNC expects to pay for goods or services in euros in six months, it can enter into a futures contract to buy euros at the current exchange rate. This will protect the MNC from any potential losses if the euro strengthens against the dollar.
Using currency futures to hedge exchange rate risk can help MNCs reduce their exposure to foreign currency fluctuations and manage their cash flows more effectively. However, it is important to note that futures trading involves risks and it is important to work with a professional financial advisor to determine the best hedging strategy for your specific business needs.
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A multinational corporation (MNC) can use currency futures to hedge against exchange rate risk by taking a position in the futures market that is opposite to their exposure in the spot market. Here are the steps to follow:
Determine the amount of foreign currency that the MNC expects to receive or pay in the future.
Identify the currency that is being received or paid.
Determine the exchange rate that is currently prevailing in the spot market for the currency in question.
Use this exchange rate to calculate the expected future cash flow in the home currency of the MNC.
Determine the appropriate hedging strategy based on the level of risk tolerance of the MNC.
Choose an appropriate futures contract, taking into account the currency, the contract size, and the expiration date.
Enter into a futures contract that is opposite in direction to the expected cash flow, thereby locking in the exchange rate.
Monitor the futures contract until its expiration date and either settle it in cash or take delivery of the underlying currency.
For example, suppose that an MNC expects to receive €1,000,000 in six months' time and is concerned about the exchange rate risk between the euro and its home currency. The MNC could use currency futures to hedge its exposure by selling €1,000,000 futures contracts with a six-month expiration. If the euro depreciates against the MNC's home currency, the MNC will incur losses on the expected cash inflow but will make gains on the futures contract.
Conversely, if the euro appreciates, the MNC will make gains on the expected cash inflow but will incur losses on the futures contract. By using currency futures to hedge its exposure, the MNC can manage its foreign exchange risk and avoid the negative impact of unfavorable currency movements.
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the consumer has an income of $24 per week. the price of a hamburger is $2 and the price of a milkshake is $1. how many milkshakes and hamburgers will he buy each week if he maximizes utility?
To maximize their utility, the consumer will continue to consume hamburgers and milkshakes until the marginal utility per dollar spent is equal for both goods. This means that the consumer will purchase hamburgers and milkshakes until the marginal utility per dollar spent on each good is equal.
To determine how many hamburgers and milkshakes the consumer will buy each week to maximize their utility, we need to use the concept of marginal utility. Marginal utility refers to the additional satisfaction gained from consuming one more unit of a good. In this scenario, assuming the consumer has a fixed income of $24 per week, we need to determine how many hamburgers and milkshakes they can buy with this budget.
If the price of a hamburger is $2 and the price of a milkshake is $1, the consumer can buy a maximum of 12 hamburgers or 24 milkshakes per week. Assuming the consumer's marginal utility for hamburgers is higher than that for milkshakes, they will purchase more hamburgers than milkshakes. The exact quantity of hamburgers and milkshakes the consumer will purchase will depend on their individual preferences and the level of satisfaction they derive from each good. However, in general, the consumer will likely purchase a higher quantity of hamburgers than milkshakes to maximize their utility.
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Jennifer earns $17. 35 per hour at her job. She works 6 hours per day, 5 days per week. What is Jennifer’s gross income for a 2 week pay period? a. $520. 50 b. $694. 00 c. $867. 50 d. $1,041. 00 Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D.
The correct answer is d. $1,041.00.
Jennifer earns $17.35 per hour and works 6 hours per day for 5 days per week. To calculate her gross income for a 2-week pay period, we need to calculate her earnings for each week and then add them together.
In one week, Jennifer earns $17.35/hour * 6 hours/day * 5 days/week = $521.25.
Therefore, her gross income for a 2-week pay period is $521.25/week * 2 weeks = $1,042.50.
However, since the answer choices are rounded, the closest option is d. $1,041.00, which is the best answer from the given choices.
In summary, Jennifer's gross income for a 2-week pay period is $1,041.00.
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under the allowance method of accounting for uncollectible accounts, the adjusting entry to estimate the amount that will become uncollectible affects the accounting equation bya. decreasing assets and decreasing stockhlders equity (expense)b. increasing assets and increasing liabilitiesc. decreasing assets and increasing stockholders equity (revenue)d. increasing liabilities and decreasing stockholders’ equity (expense)
Under the allowance method of accounting for uncollectible accounts, the adjusting entry to estimate the amount that will become uncollectible affects the accounting equation by decreasing assets and increasing stockholders' equity (revenue).
The allowance method involves estimating the amount of accounts receivable that will become uncollectible and recording that estimate as a contra-asset account called allowance for doubtful accounts. The adjusting entry to estimate the uncollectible accounts involves increasing the allowance for doubtful accounts, which decreases the net accounts receivable (an asset).
This adjustment also decreases the total assets of the company, as accounts receivable is a part of the current assets. However, it also increases the stockholders' equity (revenue) because the uncollectible accounts expense is recognized. By recognizing the expense, the company reduces its net income, which ultimately increases the stockholders' equity through retained earnings.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C: decreasing assets and increasing stockholders' equity (revenue).
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The adjusting entry to estimate the amount that will become uncollectible under the allowance method of accounting for uncollectible accounts affects the accounting equation by:
Decreasing assets and decreasing stockholders' equity (expense). This is because under the allowance method, a company estimates the amount of accounts receivable that are unlikely to be collected, and sets aside an allowance for doubtful accounts as an estimate of this amount. The adjusting entry to estimate this amount involves increasing the allowance for doubtful accounts (a contra asset account) which decreases the overall assets, and recognizing an expense (usually called "bad debt expense") which reduces the stockholders' equity.Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer as it correctly describes the impact on the accounting equation.
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You need to calculate the NPV of the following project. Starbuck's Company is assessing a project with an initial cost of $145,000 and cash inflows of $85,000 in Year 1 and $75,000 in Year 2. This project expands current operations and therefore is equally as risky as the current company. The company uses only debt and common stock to finance its operations and maintains a debt-equity ratio of .40 The aftertax cost of debt is 5.5 percent, the cost of equity is 12.0 percent, and the tax rate is 21 percent. What is the projected net present value of this project? $938 $1,109 O -$6,004 O -$2,399 -$1,807
According to the conventional theory of capital structure, an ideal capital structure is one in which the market value of assets is maximized while the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is kept to a minimum. Since the project's predicted net present value is negative, it is possible that it is not lucrative and is not worth pursuing.
To calculate the net present value (NPV) of the project, we need to discount the cash flows to their present value using the weighted average cost of capital (WACC), which is the weighted average of the after-tax cost of debt and the cost of equity, taking into account the company's debt-equity ratio.
First, let's calculate the WACC:
WACC = (E/V) x Cost of Equity + (D/V) x Cost of Debt x (1 - Tax Rate)
Where:
E = Market value of the company's equity
D = Market value of the company's debt
V = E + D
Given
Cost of Equity = 12.0%
Cost of Debt = 5.5%
Tax Rate = 21%
Debt-equity ratio = 0.40
Assuming the market value of equity is equal to the book value, we can calculate:
V = E + D = 0.6E (because D/E = 0.4)
D = 0.4V = 0.24E
E/V = 0.6 and D/V = 0.4
Therefore, WACC = (0.6 x 12.0%) + (0.4 x 5.5%) x (1 - 21%) = 8.89%
Next, we can calculate the present value of the cash flows:
Year 1: $85,000 / (1 + 8.89%)^1 = $78,038.10
Year 2: $75,000 / (1 + 8.89%)^2 = $63,389.38
Finally, we can calculate the NPV:
NPV = -145,000 + 78,038.10 + 63,389.38 = -$3,572.52
Based on this calculation, the projected net present value of the project is negative, which suggests that the project is not profitable and may not be worth pursuing.
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After accounts are adjusted at the end of the fiscal year, Accounts Receivable has a balance of $475,000 and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts has a negative balance of $46,800. Describe how Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts are reported on the balance sheet.
On the balance sheet, Accounts Receivable is reported as a current asset and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts is reported as a contra-asset account.
After accounts are adjusted at the end of the fiscal year, Accounts Receivable has a balance of $475,000 and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts has a negative balance of $46,800. On the balance sheet, Accounts Receivable is reported as a current asset at its gross amount of $475,000.
The negative balance of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts, $46,800, is reported as a contra-asset account, which reduces the Accounts Receivable balance. The net amount of Accounts Receivable, which is $475,000 - $46,800 = $428,200, is reported on the balance sheet as the Net Accounts Receivable.
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since international logistics may contribute to a nation's ________, it directly increases a nation's ___________.
International logistics can contribute to a nation's economic growth, as it enables the efficient movement of goods and services across borders. By facilitating the international trade of goods, logistics services help countries to increase their exports and generate revenue. Additionally, logistics can also aid in the reduction of production costs, which can make a country's goods more competitive in the global market. As a result, international logistics directly increases a nation's trade volume, which can lead to increased economic activity and prosperity.
Moreover, logistics services also create jobs and stimulate other industries, such as transportation and warehousing, which further contribute to a nation's economic development. Therefore, it is clear that international logistics plays a crucial role in boosting a country's economy and overall growth.
Since international logistics may contribute to a nation's economic growth, it directly increases a nation's competitiveness.
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the united states most closely resembles which type of economic system?
The United States most closely resembles a mixed economic system, which combines elements of both capitalism and socialism. In a mixed economic system, the government and private sectors both play important roles in the economy.
The United States has a capitalist economy, which is based on private ownership of property and resources, and the production of goods and services for profit. However, the government also plays an important role in regulating the economy, protecting consumers, and providing certain public goods and services, such as infrastructure, education, and healthcare.
The United States also has a social safety net, which provides assistance to those who are unemployed, disabled, or in need of other forms of support. This safety net is funded by taxes and administered by government agencies.
Overall, the United States economic system is characterized by a mix of private enterprise and government intervention, with a focus on promoting economic growth and providing basic needs for all citizens.
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Of the following costs related to the development of natural resources, which one is not a part of depletion cost?
Question 1 options:
A. Acquisition cost of the natural resource deposit
B. Exploration costs
C. Tangible equipment costs associated with machinery used to extract the natural resource
D. Intangible development costs such as drilling costs, tunnels, and shafts
Question 2
Fences and parking lots are reported on the balance sheet as ______
Of the following costs related to the development of natural resources, tangible equipment costs associated with machinery used to extract the natural resource are not a part of depletion cost. Option C is correct.
Fences and parking lots are reported on the balance sheet as land improvements.
Depletion cost includes the expenses incurred in acquiring, exploring, and developing a natural resource deposit. These costs include:
A. Acquisition cost of the natural resource deposit - The initial cost to obtain the rights to the resource.
B. Exploration costs - The costs involved in finding the resource, such as geological surveys and sample drilling.
D. Intangible development costs such as drilling costs, tunnels, and shafts - These costs are related to preparing the site for extraction.
Tangible equipment costs are not included in depletion cost because they are considered separate assets and are depreciated over their useful life, rather than being depleted along with the natural resource. Thus, option C is correct.
Fences and parking lots are considered land improvements, which are enhancements made to a parcel of land to increase its value or usability. Land improvements are reported on the balance sheet as a separate category under property, plant, and equipment (PP&E). These improvements have a limited useful life and are depreciated over that life, unlike the land itself, which is not depreciated.
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In most cases liabilities due in less than ___ are classified as___ on the balance sheet
A. one year, long term liabilities B. two years, current liabilities C. one year, current liabilities D. six months, long term liabilities
The correct answer to the question is C. one year, current liabilities. This means that liabilities that are due within a year from the balance sheet date are classified as current liabilities on the balance sheet.
Examples of current liabilities include accounts payable, wages payable, short-term loans, and taxes payable. The reason why current liabilities are classified separately from long-term liabilities is that current liabilities are expected to be paid off within a relatively short period, typically one year. Long-term liabilities, on the other hand, have a maturity period longer than one year and include items such as long-term loans, bonds, and mortgages.
The classification of liabilities is essential for the financial reporting of a company. By separating current liabilities from long-term liabilities, investors and creditors can better assess the financial health of a company. If a company has too many current liabilities, it may indicate that it is facing cash flow problems and may not be able to meet its short-term obligations. Conversely, if a company has too many long-term liabilities, it may indicate that it is taking on too much debt and may be at risk of defaulting on its obligations in the long run.
In summary, liabilities due in less than one year are classified as current liabilities on the balance sheet, and this classification is crucial for investors and creditors in evaluating a company's financial health.
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what is a benefit of obtaining a personal loan quizlet
A personal loan is a type of loan that can be used for a variety of purposes such as debt consolidation, home improvements, medical expenses, or even to fund a vacation. One of the main benefits of obtaining a personal loan is the flexibility it provides. Unlike other types of loans that are typically tied to a specific purpose, personal loans are unsecured and can be used for anything you need.
Another benefit of obtaining a personal loan is that they often have lower interest rates compared to credit cards or other types of loans. This can be particularly helpful if you are trying to consolidate high-interest debt into one loan with a lower interest rate.
Additionally, personal loans offer a fixed repayment term and monthly payment, making it easier to budget and plan for repayment. This can be helpful if you need to make a large purchase or cover unexpected expenses.
Overall, a personal loan can be a useful financial tool for a variety of reasons and can provide flexibility, lower interest rates, and predictable repayment terms.
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Personal loans offer benefits when used for investments with long-run payoffs, such as education or business ventures. They provide the required capital for significant purchases or investments that can lead to increased profits or earnings in the future. They also offer immediate financial relief for those anticipating a rise in income.
Explanation:Obtaining a personal loan has several benefits, particularly when you are making an investment with potential long-run payoff. Personal loans can provide the necessary capital for significant expenditures where future returns are expected (e.g. college education, business investment).
For instance, borrowing for a college degree can be a wise move. The increased earning potential and higher wages associated with a higher level of education often allows for the repayment of the loan while still improving one's financial position. Similarly, businesses can take loans to purchase equipment or invest in projects that can increase output and profits enough to cover the repayment of the loan and further advance the business.
Furthermore, personal loans can also provide immediate financial relief for those in need (like college students with low or no income) who anticipate greater financial stability in the future. This relief helps to cover current expenses, with the understanding that the loans can be repaid once income levels increase.
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as the standard of living increases, people will demand democracy and more economic freedom and at the same time becom less rationally ignorantT/F
True. However, this is a complex topic and requires a long answer. As people's standard of living improves, they tend to become more educated and aware of their rights and freedoms. This leads to a greater demand for democracy and economic freedom.
Additionally, as people become less financially strained, they have more time and resources to invest in learning about politics and staying informed on current events, reducing their level of rational ignorance. However, it's important to note that this trend is not always consistent and there are other factors at play that can influence a society's political and economic development.
This is because higher living standards often lead to better access to education and information, making individuals more aware of the political and economic systems that affect their lives. Consequently, they are more likely to engage in the democratic process and demand greater economic freedom, while also becoming less rationally ignorant about the issues that impact them.
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In 2017, $3000 worth of cotton was produced in the US. This cotton was then turned into $7000 worth of thread, also in the US. This thread was then sold to a company in India where it was turned into cloth. This cloth was sold back to a company located in the US for $8000. This US company turned the cloth into shirts with a market value of $19000. $15000 worth of the shirts were purchased by US consumers and the remaining shirts were unsold. Use the above information to calculate the following for the US for the year 2017: Answers (S) US GDP =Consumption or C= Investment or I =Exports =Imports =
The GDP of the US for the year 2017 based on the given information is $18,000.
To calculate the GDP of the US for the year 2017, we need to use the expenditure approach, which adds up all the spending on final goods and services produced within the country's borders.
The components of GDP are consumption (C), investment (I), government spending (G), and net exports (NX).
Since we are only given information on the production and sale of cotton, thread, cloth, and shirts, we will focus on the first three components and assume that there is no government spending or net exports.
C = $15,000 (since US consumers purchased $15,000 worth of shirts)
I = $3000 (since the cotton was produced in the US)
G = 0 (since we have no information on government spending)
NX = 0 (since we have no information on exports or imports)
To calculate GDP using the expenditure approach, we can use the following formula:
GDP = C + I + G + NX
Plugging in the values we have:
GDP = $15,000 + $3000 + 0 + 0
GDP = $18,000
Therefore, the GDP of the US for the year 2017 based on the given information is $18,000.
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Suppose that the height H of a Ferris wheel can be modeled by the function H(t) = -12cos(πt/45) + 18, where t is the time in seconds. What is the maximum height of a cabin? Use 3.14 for π.
To find the maximum height of the cabin on the Ferris wheel, we need to determine the maximum value of the function H(t) = -12cos(πt/45) + 18.
The function H(t) represents the height of the cabin at time t. The term -12cos(πt/45) represents the vertical oscillation of the cabin, and 18 is added to represent the average height.
The maximum value of the cosine function is 1, so to find the maximum height, we need to find the value of t that makes the cosine term equal to 1.
cos(πt/45) = 1
To solve for t, we take the inverse cosine (arccos) of both sides:
πt/45 = arccos(1)
Since the cosine of 0 is 1, we have:
πt/45 = 0
Solving for t:
πt = 0
t = 0
So the maximum height of the cabin occurs at t = 0 seconds.
Plugging t = 0 into the function H(t), we get:
H(0) = -12cos(π(0)/45) + 18
= -12cos(0) + 18
= -12(1) + 18
= -12 + 18
= 6
Therefore, the maximum height of the cabin on the Ferris wheel is 6 units.
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All of these items were positive results of the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978, except one: Select the correct answer below: a. airline jobs doubled b. greater service to more cities c. lower prices for postal mail d. lower fares
All of these items were positive results of the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978, except airline jobs doubled. Thus, option A is the correct option.
Prices have decreased yet air travel has substantially grown. Following deregulation, airlines rearranged their equipment and routes, improving capacity utilization. These efficiency improvements democratized air travel and increased accessibility for all people.
The Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 forbids governments from controlling an air carrier's fare, route, or service in order to maintain the viability of domestic commercial air travel. The pricing, route, and service of air carriers that offer air ambulance services are likewise exempt from governmental control.
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schlumberger is selling for per share and paid a dividend of last year. the dividend is expected to grow at percent indefinitely. what is the stock's expected rate of return?
To calculate the expected rate of return of a stock, we need to use the dividend discount model (DDM).
The DDM takes into consideration the current stock price, the expected future dividend payments, and the growth rate of those dividends. In this case, Schlumberger is selling for a certain price per share and paid a dividend of a certain amount last year. We also know that the dividend is expected to grow at a certain percentage indefinitely. Let's call this growth rate "g."
The formula for the DDM is as follows: Expected Rate of Return (R) = Dividend / Price + g
Using the information we have, we can plug in the numbers and solve for R:
R = $Dividend / $Price + g
R = $Dividend / $Price + 0.05 (assuming a 5% growth rate)
Therefore, if we know the price and dividend of Schlumberger, we can calculate its expected rate of return using the DDM formula. It's important to note that the DDM assumes that the growth rate of the dividend will remain constant indefinitely, which may not always be the case in reality.
Additionally, other factors such as market conditions and company performance may affect the stock's expected rate of return.
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To calculate the expected rate of return, we need to use the dividend growth model, which is:Expected Rate of Return = (Dividend / Stock Price) + Dividend Growth Rate
Given the information in the question, we know that Schlumberger paid a dividend of and the dividend is expected to grow at percent indefinitely. We are not given the current stock price. Let's assume that the current stock price is $100. Using this assumption, we can calculate the dividend payout ratio as follows:
Dividend Payout Ratio = Dividend / Stock Price = / $100 = 0.03
Next, we can calculate the expected rate of return using the dividend growth model: Expected Rate of Return = (0.03) + (0.05) = 0.08 or 8%
Therefore, if Schlumberger is selling for $100 per share, and paid a dividend of last year, with an expected dividend growth rate of 5% indefinitely, the stock's expected rate of return is 8%. However, if the actual stock price is different than $100, the expected rate of return would be different.
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Historically demand has averaged 1102 units per week with a standard deviation of 770. The company currently has 2857 units in stock. What is the probability of a stockout? Z = (X – u)/o A. 228 % B.98.87 %C. 50% D. 48.87%E. 1.130%
The probability of a stockout is 1.13%. Therefore, the correct option is E.
To find the probability of a stockout, we need to calculate the Z-score and use the standard normal distribution table to find the corresponding probability.
Given:
Historical demand average (µ) = 1102 units per week
Standard deviation (σ) = 770 units
Current stock (X) = 2857 units
1: Calculate the Z-score using the formula Z = (X - µ) / σ
Z = (2857 - 1102) / 770
Z ≈ 2.28
2: Use a standard normal distribution table or calculator to find the probability corresponding to the Z-score of 2.28. In this case, the probability is 0.9887 or 98.87%.
So, the probability of not having a stockout (having enough stock to meet demand) is 98.87%. To find the probability of a stockout, we subtract this value from 100%.
Probability of a stockout = 100% - 98.87% = 1.13%
Therefore, the probability of a stockout is 1.13% which corresponds to option E.
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T/F. The lowest contribution margin per scarce resource is the most profitable.
The given statement is False.
The contribution margin per scarce resource is a measure of how much each unit of a product or service contributes towards covering the fixed costs and generating a profit. A higher contribution margin per scarce resource indicates that the product or service is more efficient in utilizing the limited resources.
However, profitability is not solely determined by the contribution margin per scarce resource. Other factors such as the selling price, variable costs, overall demand, and market conditions also play a significant role in determining profitability. Therefore, the lowest contribution margin per scarce resource does not necessarily mean the highest profitability.
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Franky believes that there should be no trade restrictions for any reason. What effect would frankly say that trade restrictions have on prices?
a. Hew would argue that by encouraging competition with trade restrictions, prices are likely to decrease
b. He would argue that restrictions would cause greater competition and therefore lead to higher prices
c. He would say that trade restriction's have no impact on prices, but they do restrict consumer choice
d. He would say that restrictions reduce competition and therefore cause an increase in prices
e. He would argue that trad restrictions increase prices because they break up domestic monopolies
d. He would say that restrictions reduce competition and therefore cause an increase in prices.
Franky believes that trade restrictions, by limiting competition, reduce market competition and result in higher prices.
According to his perspective, when there are restrictions on trade, domestic businesses face less competition from foreign producers, leading to reduced incentives to lower prices. This lack of competition allows domestic companies to have more control over pricing, potentially leading to higher prices for consumers. Franky sees trade restrictions as a hindrance to competition and believes that removing such restrictions would promote a more competitive market, ultimately leading to lower prices for consumers.
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If the revenues are correctly reported and the gross profit of a company is understated, what is the effect on stockholders' equity?
If the revenues are correctly reported and the gross profit of a company is understated, the effect on owner's equity will be: understated. The correct option is A.
Gross profit is the difference between revenues and the cost of goods sold (COGS). If the gross profit is understated, it means that either the COGS is overstated or the revenues are understated. However, since the revenues are reported correctly in this scenario, the problem lies in the overstated COGS.
Consequently, the net income will also be understated, as it is calculated by subtracting expenses from the gross profit. Since owner's equity is affected by the net income, if the net income is understated, then owner's equity will be understated as well. The correct option is A.
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Complete question:
If the revenues are correctly reported and the gross profit of a company is understated, what is the effect on owner's equity?
a. understated
b. correctly stated
C. overstated
d. None of these choices are correct.
by reducing the discount rate, the central bank the supply of money. this type of policy is known as monetary policy.
By reducing the discount rate, the central bank increases the supply of money. This type of policy is known as expansionary monetary policy.
This is because the discount rate is the interest rate at which commercial banks can borrow funds from the central bank, and when the discount rate is lowered, borrowing becomes cheaper and more accessible for commercial banks. This, in turn, leads to an increase in the amount of money available in the economy, which can help stimulate economic growth and promote lending. Expansionary monetary policy, which aims to increase the money supply and stimulate economic activity.
Expansionary monetary policy is typically used when the economy is experiencing low growth or recession, as it can help increase investment and consumer spending, which can lead to increased production and employment.However, expansionary monetary policy can also lead to inflation if the increased money supply is not matched by increased production, which can erode the value of the currency over time.
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Complete Question : By reducing the discount rate, the central bank______ the supply of money. This type of policy is known as _______monetary policy.
Consider the reversible elementary reaction: 2A ⇌k1 k-13B which is second order in the forward direction and third order in the reverse direction. Use the principle of detailed balance here to derive an expression for the equilibrium constant for this reaction. To do this, write down the rate of the reaction in terms of the disappearance of the reactant A. Then, assume that the reaction mixture is at equilibrium, so set the reaction rate to be equal to zero. Using this assumption, re-arrange the rate equation algebraically to obtain an expression for the equilibrium constan
The equilibrium constant expression for the reversible elementary reaction 2A ⇌ k₁/k₋₁ 3B can be derived using the principle of detailed balance.
First, let's write down the rate of the reaction in terms of the disappearance of reactant A. The rate of the forward reaction can be expressed as:
Rate forward = k₁[A]²
Similarly, the rate of the reverse reaction can be expressed as:
Rate reverse = k₋₁[B]³
At equilibrium, the reaction rate is equal to zero, so we can set the two rates equal to each other:
k₁[A]² = k₋₁[B]³
Now, we can rearrange the equation algebraically to obtain the expression for the equilibrium constant (K):
K = [B]³/[A]² = (k₁/k₋₁)
Therefore, the equilibrium constant expression for this reaction is **K = [B]³/[A]² = (k₁/k₋₁)**.
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Goods are sold for R40 000 cash, record this using accounting equation
Recording the sale of goods for R40,000 cash using the accounting equation involves recognizing the increase in assets and equity. Here's how it would be recorded:
Assets:
Cash increases by R40,000.
Equity:
Revenue increases by R40,000.
The accounting equation is:
Assets = Liabilities + Equity
Since the transaction involves cash and revenue (equity), the equation would be updated as follows:
Cash + Other Assets = Liabilities + Equity
After the sale of goods for R40,000 cash, the updated equation would be:
Cash + Other Assets = Liabilities + Equity + R40,000
This entry reflects the increase in cash (asset) by R40,000 and the increase in revenue (equity) by R40,000.
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Within 30 minutes of consuming asparagus an estimated 40 to 50% of the North American population acquires pungent smelling pee. The smelly asparagus urine results from the breakdown of sulfur-rich compounds by digestive enzymes in the gut Once you estimate the frequency of the recessive 'non-smelly allele in the population, what equation do you use to estimate the frequency of the dominant allele?
The equation which would be used to estimate the frequency of the dominant allele is Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation.
To estimate the frequency of the dominant allele within the North American population after considering that 40 to 50% of them acquire pungent smelling pee upon consuming asparagus, you can use the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation.
1: Estimate the frequency of the recessive allele (q) in the population.
Given that 40 to 50% of the population acquires smelly pee, you can take the square root of this percentage as an estimate of the frequency of the recessive allele. For example, if we take 50% (0.5) as the percentage:
q = √0.5 ≈ 0.71
2: Use the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation (p + q = 1) to estimate the frequency of the dominant allele (p) in the population:
p = 1 - q = 1 - 0.71 ≈ 0.29
So, the estimated frequency of the dominant allele in the North American population is approximately 29%.
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XYZ is considering buying a new, high efficiency interception system. The new system would be purchased today for $46,000. It would be depreciated straight-line to $0 over 2 years. In 2 years, the system would be sold for an after-tax cash flow of $13,000. Without the system costs are expected to be $100,000 in 1 year and $100,000 in 2 years. With the system, costs are expected to be $75,000 in 1 year and $65.000 in 2 years. If the tax rate is 50% and the cost of capital is 3.8%, what is the net present value of the new interception system project? a. $11,970 (plus or minus $50) b. $16,103 (plus or minus $50) c. $4,037 (plus or minus $50) d. $54,109 (plus or minus $50) e. None of the above is within $50 of the correct answer
The closest option within $50 is $11,970 (plus or minus $50).
The initial cost of the new system = $46,000.
Cash flows from the sale of the system after 2 years = $13,000, which is an after-tax cash flow.
The tax rate is 50%, and the before-tax cash flow from the sale is $13,000 / (1 - 0.5) = $26,000.
Cash flows without the system
year 1 = $100,000, year 2 = $100,000
Cash flows with the system
year 1 = $75,000, year 2 = $65,000
The cost of capital is 3.8%, which will be used as the discount rate.
In order to calculate Net Present Value, discount each cash flow to the present value.
PV(initial cost) = -$46,000 (negative because it's an outflow)
PV (cash flows without the system) = -$100,000 / (1 + 0.038)^1 - $100,000 / (1 + 0.038)^2
PV (cash flows with the system) = -$75,000 / (1 + 0.038)^1 - $65,000 / (1 + 0.038)^2 + $26,000 / (1 + 0.038)^2
NPV = PV (initial cost) + PV (cash flows without the system) + PV (cash flows with the system)
NPV = -$46,000 - $100,000 / (1 + 0.038) - $100,000 / (1 + 0.038)^2 - $75,000 / (1 + 0.038) - $65,000 / (1 + 0.038)^2 + $26,000 / (1 + 0.038)^2
From calculating,
Net Present Value = $11,970.67
The Net present value of the new interception system project is approximately $11,970.
Hence, Option (A) is correct
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what was the annual market rate of interest on the date the bonds were issued? (enter your answer as a percentage rounded to 1 decimal place (i.e. 0.123 should be entered as 12.3).)
The annual interest rate set when the bond is issued that does not fluctuate throughout the course of the bond's life is known as the coupon yield, sometimes known as the coupon rate. Bonds' current yield is calculated by dividing their coupon yield by their current market value.
A bond will sell at a discount if the bond's market interest rate is higher than its stated interest rate. The discounted value of the coupon payments and the par value that the issuer pays the bondholder make up a bond's price. The market interest rate is also known as the yield to maturity.
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Standard Deduction. (Obj. 3) Compute each taxpayer’s 2020 total standard deduction.a) Bryce, age 20, is a full-time student. His parents claim him as a dependent. Bryce has interest income of $320 and wages from a part-time job of $3,800.b) Same as in Part a., except that Bryce’s wages are $6,500.c) Heather, age 66, is married and files separate return. Her husband also uses the standard deduction on his return.d) Juliet, age 19, is blind and claimed as a dependent by her parents. Her only income is $5,200 of taxable interest.
The standard deduction is a fixed dollar amount that reduces the income subject to tax. It varies based on filing status, age, and whether the taxpayer or their spouse is blind. The standard deduction for 2020 is $12,400 for single taxpayers and $24,800 for married taxpayers filing jointly.
a) Bryce's parents claim him as a dependent, so he cannot claim the standard deduction. However, he can still file a tax return to report his income. The standard deduction for dependents in 2020 is $1,100 or their earned income plus $350, whichever is greater. Bryce's earned income is $3,800, so his standard deduction is $1,450 ($1,100 + $350). He does not qualify for the additional standard deduction for being blind or over 65.
b) Same as part a., except that Bryce's wages are $6,500. Bryce's standard deduction is now $2,550 ($1,100 + $1,450), which reduces his taxable income to $3,950. Again, he does not qualify for the additional standard deduction.
c) Heather files separately from her husband, who also uses the standard deduction. Her standard deduction is $6,500, which is the amount for single filers in 2020. She does not qualify for the additional standard deduction since her spouse is not blind or over 65.
d) Juliet is claimed as a dependent by her parents and has no earned income. However, she does have taxable interest income of $5,200. Since she is blind, she qualifies for the higher standard deduction of $2,650 (the amount for single filers plus $1,650 for being blind). Her taxable income is $2,550 ($5,200 - $2,650).
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during the turmoil in the market for subprime mortgages in 2007 and 2008, the fed increased the volume of discount loans. the main goal of the fed at the time was to
The main goal of the Fed during the turmoil in the market for subprime mortgages was to provide liquidity to the financial system and prevent the collapse of major financial institutions.
During the turmoil in the market for subprime mortgages in 2007 and 2008, the Fed increased the volume of discount loans. By doing so, the main goal of the Fed at the time was to provide liquidity to the financial system and prevent the collapse of major financial institutions, thereby stabilizing the economy and restoring investor confidence.
The subprime mortgage crisis occurred when the housing market crashed, and many borrowers with subprime mortgages defaulted on their loans. This led to significant losses for banks and financial institutions, causing a credit crunch, where banks became hesitant to lend to each other and to businesses. To address this issue, the Federal Reserve (Fed) stepped in and increased the volume of discount loans, which are short-term loans provided to banks at a discounted interest rate.
By increasing the volume of discount loans, the Fed aimed to inject liquidity into the financial system, helping banks to continue their operations and lending activities. This, in turn, helped stabilize the economy and restore investor confidence, as the increased liquidity eased the credit crunch and prevented the collapse of major financial institutions.
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A cat fell into a well which was 18 meters deep. It did manage to climb out, but with difficulty. For every minute of climbing upward, the cat gained 3 meters. It was then so tired it had to rest for one minute, during the rest it slid back 2 meters. How long did it take the cat to get out of the well? Please please give a step by step answer with explanation
To determine how long it took the cat to get out of the well, we'll break down the process step by step:
The cat gains 3 meters for every minute of climbing upward.
However, during each resting minute, the cat slides back 2 meters.
Let's track the cat's progress minute by minute:
Minute 1: The cat climbs up 3 meters and reaches a height of 3 meters.Minute 2: The cat climbs up 3 meters and reaches a height of 6 meters.Minute 3: The cat climbs up 3 meters and reaches a height of 9 meters.Minute 4: The cat climbs up 3 meters and reaches a height of 12 meters.Minute 5: The cat climbs up 3 meters and reaches a height of 15 meters.Minute 6: The cat climbs up 3 meters and reaches a height of 18 meters, which is the top of the well.At this point, the cat has reached the top of the well in 6 minutes.
However, we need to account for the resting minutes and the sliding back during those minutes:
Minute 7: The cat rests and slides back 2 meters, reaching a height of 16 meters.Minute 8: The cat climbs up 3 meters and reaches a height of 19 meters.Since the cat has already reached the top of the well at the end of minute 6, we can ignore minute 8. Therefore, it took the cat a total of 7 minutes to get out of the well, considering the climbing, resting, and sliding back.
Please note that this calculation assumes the cat rested immediately after climbing and didn't slide back during the climbing minutes. The process may vary depending on the cat's behavior and the actual conditions of the well.
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On, October 5, 2015, you purchase a 10000 T note that matures on August 15 2027 (settlement occurs two days after purchase, so you receive actual ownership of the bond on October 7, 2015) The coupon rate on a Tnote is 4.375 percent and the current price quoted on the bond is 105.250 percent. The last coupon payment occurred may 15 2015(145 days before settlement) and the next coupon payment will be paid on Nov 15, 2015 (39 days from settlement).A.) Calculate the accrued interest due to the seller from the buyer at settlement.B.) Calculate the dirty price of this transaction.
Therefore, the dirty price of this transaction is $10,877.91.
A.) The accrued interest due to the seller from the buyer at settlement can be calculated using the following formula:
Accrued interest = (coupon payment / number of days in coupon period) x number of days since last coupon payment
Here, the coupon payment is 4.375% of the face value of the bond, which is $10000, so it is $437.50. The number of days in the coupon period is 182 (as it is a semi-annual coupon payment). The number of days since the last coupon payment is 145. So, putting the values in the formula, we get:
Accrued interest = (437.50 / 182) x 145 = $350.41
Therefore, the accrued interest due to the seller from the buyer at settlement is $350.41.
B.) The dirty price of the transaction is the current price quoted on the bond plus the accrued interest. So, putting the values in the formula, we get:
Dirty price = Current price + Accrued interest
Dirty price = 105.250% x $10000 + $350.41
Dirty price = $10,527.50 + $350.41
Dirty price = $10,877.91
Therefore, the dirty price of this transaction is $10,877.91.
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If Joy, Irene, and Wendy all take 2. 0 h to walk from their house to their school at a rate of 1. 0 m/s, how far is their school from the house? (first, convert 2hrs to minutes before you follow the gresa method)
To convert 2 hours to minutes, we multiply by 60 (since there are 60 minutes in 1 hour):
2 hours * 60 minutes/hour = 120 minutes
Since each of them takes 2.0 hours (or 120 minutes) to walk from their house to their school, we can calculate the distance using the formula:
Distance = Rate * Time
Given that their rate is 1.0 m/s and the time is 120 minutes (or 2.0 hours), we have:
Distance = 1.0 m/s * 120 minutes = 120 meters
Therefore, their school is approximately 120 meters away from their house.
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