Human activities that disrupt the carbon cycle include the burning of fossil fuels. The statement that best summarizes the disruption of the carbon cycle due to the burning of fossil fuels is: b) Burning fossil fuels adds carbon compounds to all Earth systems.
When fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, are burned, carbon that has been stored in these fuels for millions of years is released into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. This process significantly increases the amount of carbon compounds in Earth’s systems, including the atmosphere.
The burning of fossil fuels contributes to the increase in atmospheric CO2 levels, which is a major driver of anthropogenic climate change. The additional carbon compounds released from burning fossil fuels disrupt the natural balance of the carbon cycle by adding more carbon to the atmosphere than can be naturally absorbed by Earth’s systems. This leads to an accumulation of greenhouse gases and contributes to global warming and associated climate impacts. While other statements may partially describe the effects of burning fossil fuels on the carbon cycle, option b provides the most accurate and comprehensive summary of the disruption caused by this activity.
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21. In infrared spectroscopy, absorption of electromagnetic radiation results in transitions between ________ energy levels.
In infrared spectroscopy, absorption of electromagnetic radiation results in transitions between Vibrational energy levels.
What does spectroscopy mean?Definition of spectroscopy Spectrum analysis is the study and measurement of the spectrum that matter emits when it interacts with electromagnetic (EM) radiation. It is the investigation of how frequency or wavelength affects the relationship between matter and radiation.
The various forms of spectroscopy include the following:
Acoustic resonance: A type of spectroscopy that primarily uses the ultrasonic and sonic ranges of sound. It is a popular, affordable approach for classifying and valuing materials.X-ray photoelectron: This technique makes use of the diffraction patterns that X-rays produce as they travel through crystalline materials. The nature of the crystal structure can be inferred from these patterns.You can use circular dichroism, a type of light absorption spectroscopy, to determine how differently a sample absorbs left- and right-circularly polarized light.It is appropriate for exploring the electronic structure of molecules and detecting the compounds present. Ultraviolet-Visible (UV/Vis) Spectroscopy. It aids in the recognition of peptide bonds, coenzymes, side chains of amino acids, and prosthetic groups.NMR Spectroscopy: This technique uses nuclear magnetic resonance to measure the magnetic fields surrounding the nuclei. Radio waves are used to excite atomic nuclei in a material. Spectroscopy of the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum is known as infrared spectroscopy. Longer wavelengths and lower frequencies are found in infrared photons, and in infrared spectroscopy, the idea of absorption spectroscopy is used.Raman spectroscopy is a method of spectroscopy used to examine low-frequency system modes such as rotational, vibrational, and other modes.Learn more about Spectroscopy here:-
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In a closed container, nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas react to produce ammonia.
N2(g) + 3H₂(g)2NH3(g)
Which statement describes the graph of concentration versus time for ammonia as the system approaches dynamic equilibrium?
It curves down and levels out.
It curves up and levels out.
It steadily decreases to zero.
It steadily increases to a maximum.
[tex]\frac{1}{2} N_{2} (g)+\frac{3}{2} H_{2} (g)[/tex]⇌[tex]NH_{3} (g)[/tex]
It curves up and levels out.
What type of reaction are nitrogen and hydrogen form ammonia?Three hydrogen atoms and one nitrogen atom combine to form ammonia. It has a tetrahedral structure. Ammonia is a fertilizer and a cleaning agent and is used in the manufacturing of nitric acid. NH3 is typically found as a gas and is corrosive and dangerous when inhaled over time.Chemical equations express chemical reactions in the form of chemical formulas with an arrow pointing from reactant to product. A balanced chemical equation has the same amount of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation.Here, the balancing of a chemical equation is governed by the law of conservation of mass.The chemical reaction is Nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas mixed to generate ammonia.The statement describes the graph of concentration versus time for ammonia as the system approaches dynamic equilibrium: It curves up and levels out.
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As the system approches to dynamic equilibrium
It curves up and levels out.
What is Haber's Process?
Haber's process is used to produce Ammonia in industries.
In Haber's process , the Nitrogen reacts with Hydrogen and product formed is Ammonia.
N2+3H²→2NH3
The reactants which are used in this Process are :
1)Iron is used as catalyst
2) Air which supplies the nitrogen
3) Pressure is 200atm
4) Temperature used is 400-45°C .
Ammonia is used for :
*Agriculture uses as Fertilizer
* In Refrigeration
* Used in production of medicine
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Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for the dissociation of calcium chloride (CaC*l_{2}) in water (H_{2}*O)?
D. CaC*l_{2}(s) * HLO\\ Ca^ 2+ (aa)+2Cl^ - (aq)
C. 2CaC*l_{2} * (s) ^ (H * 0)\\ Ca^ 3+ (aq)+2Cl^ - (a
A. 2CaC*l_{2} * (s) ^ (H / 0)\\ 2Ca^ 3+ (aq)+Cl^ - (aq)
B. CaC*l_{2}(s) * H_{2}*O,Ca^ 2+ (aq)+Cl^ - (aq)
The correct balanced equation for the dissociation of calcium chloride is [tex]CaCl_2 (s) --- > Ca^{2+} (aq) + 2Cl^- (aq)[/tex]. Option D.
What is dissociation?Dissociation in chemistry refers to the process whereby a compound reversibly breaks down to its constituent elements (usually in ion forms) within a solution.
The constituent elements in calcium chloride are calcium and chlorine. Calcium ion is written as [tex]Ca^2^+[/tex] while chlorine ion is written as [tex]Cl^-[/tex]. Calcium chloride itself is written as [tex]CaCl_2[/tex].
Thus, the equation of dissociation of calcium chloride in water can be summarized as:
[tex]CaCl_2 (s) --- > Ca^{2+} (aq) + 2Cl^- (aq)[/tex]
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A student determines the mass of a 100 mL beaker filled with 50 mL of water to be 154.34 grams. After a tablet reacts with the water, the mass including the dissolved tablet is 157.26 grams. How much tablet was left in the beaker after the reaction
A student determines the mass of a 100 mL beaker filled with 50 mL of water to be 154.34 grams. After a tablet reacts with the water, the mass including the dissolved tablet is 157.26 grams. 438 grams tablet was left in the beaker after the reaction.
What is Stoichiometry ?Stoichiometry helps us use the balanced chemical equation to measure quantitative relationships and it is to calculate the amounts of products and reactants that are given in a reaction.
What is Balanced Chemical Equation ?The balanced chemical equation is the equation in which the number of atoms on the reactant side is equal to the number of atoms on the product side in an equation.
Now we have to write the balanced chemical equation
NaHCO₃ + H₂O → NaOH + H₂CO₃
Mass = 157.26 - 154.32
= 2.92
Volume = 100 + 50 ml
= 150 ml
Mass of tablet = 2.92 × 150
= 438 grams
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that A student determines the mass of a 100 mL beaker filled with 50 mL of water to be 154.34 grams. After a tablet reacts with the water, the mass including the dissolved tablet is 157.26 grams. 438 grams tablet was left in the beaker after the reaction.
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Menthol, the substance we can smell in mentholated cough drops, is composed of C, H, and O. A 0.1005g sample of menthol is combusted, producing 0.2829g of CO2 and 0.1159g of H2O.
What is the empirical formula of menthol?
If the compound has a molar mass of 156 g/mol, what is its molecular formula?
The Empirical formula of compound is C₁₀H₂₀O₁. The Molecular Formula of compound is C₁₀H₂₀O₁.
What is Empirical Formula ?Empirical formula is the simplest whole number ratio of atoms present in given compound.
[tex]\text{Mass of C} = 0.2829\ g\ CO_2 \times \frac{12\ g\ C}{44\ g\ CO_2}[/tex]
= 0.07720 g C
[tex]\text{Mass of H} = 0.1159\ g\ H_2O \times \frac{2\ g\ H}{18\ g\ H_2O}[/tex]
= 0.01297 g H
Mass of O = Mass of methanol - mass of C - mass of O
= 0.1005 g - 0.07720 g - 0.01297 g
= 0.01033 g
Element Mass/g Moles Ratio Integers
C 0.07720 0.006428 9.956 10
H 0.01297 0.01287 19.93 20
O 0.01033 0.0006456 1 1
The Empirical formula of compound is C₁₀H₂₀O₁.
How to find the Molecular formula of compound ?Molecular formula = Empirical formula × n
[tex]n = \frac{\text{Molar Mass}}{\text{Empirical formula weight}}[/tex]
[tex]= \frac{156}{156}[/tex]
= 1
Molecular formula = n × Empirical formula
= 1 (C₁₀H₂₀O₁)
= C₁₀H₂₀O₁
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that The Empirical formula of compound is C₁₀H₂₀O₁. The Molecular Formula of compound is C₁₀H₂₀O₁.
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A weather balloon calibrated at 0.00 °c to have a volume of 12.0 l has what volume at -22.8 °c assuming pressure is held constant?
Considering the Charles's law, the volume at 22.8 °C is 10.9978 L.
Charles's lawCharles's law establishes the relationship between the temperature and the volume of a gas when the pressure is constant.
Charles's law says that for a given sum of gas at constant pressure, as the temperature increases, the volume of the gas increases, and as the temperature decreases, the volume of the gas decreases. That is, the volume is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas.
Mathematically, Charles' law is a law that says that when the amount of gas and pressure remain constant, the ratio between volume and temperature will always have the same value:
[tex]\frac{V}{T} =k[/tex]
Considering an initial state 1 and a final state 2, it is fulfilled:
[tex]\frac{V1}{T1} =\frac{V2}{T2}[/tex]
Volume at -22.8 °CIn this case, you know that:
V1= 12 LT1= 0 °C= 273 KV2= ?T2= -22.8 °C= 250.2 KReplacing in Charles's law:
[tex]\frac{12 L}{273 K} =\frac{V2}{250.2 K}[/tex]
Solving:
V2= [tex]250.2 K x\frac{12 L}{273 K}[/tex]
V2= 10.9978 L
Finally, the volume at 22.8 °C is 10.9978 L.
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What is the temperature of an 11. 2-l sample of carbon monoxide, co, at 744 torr if it occupies 13. 3 l at 55 °c and 744 torr?.
The temperature of an 11.2 L sample of carbon monoxide, CO, at 744 torr is 276 K or 3°C.
What is Charles's law?
Charles's law states that, "When the pressure on a sample of a dry gas is held constant, the Kelvin temperature and the volume will be in direct proportion".
V ∝ T
[tex]\frac{V}{T}=K[/tex]
Where,
V is the volume of the gas,
T is the temperature of the gas (measured in kelvins), and
K is a non-zero constant.
In two different states, an initial state 1 and a final state 2, the equation is,
[tex]\frac{V1}{T1}=\frac{V2}{T2}[/tex]
Given data:
V1 = 11.2L
V2 = 13.3L
T2 = 55°C = 328K
By substituting the given data,
[tex]\frac{11.2}{T1}=\frac{13.3L}{328K}[/tex]
[tex]T1=\frac{11.2L/328K}{13.3L}[/tex]
∴T1 = 276K = 3°C
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What is the temperature of an 11. 2-l sample of carbon monoxide, co, at 744 torr if it occupies 13. 3 l at 55 °c and 744 torr?.
The temperature of an 11.2 L sample of carbon monoxide, CO, at 744 torr is 276 K or 3°C.
What is Charles's law?Charles's law states that, "When the pressure on a sample of a dry gas is held constant, the Kelvin temperature and the volume will be in direct proportion".
According to the given information:
V ∝ T
V/T = K
Where,
V is the volume of the gas,
T is the temperature of the gas (measured in kelvins), and
K is a non-zero constant.
In two different states, an initial state 1 and a final state 2, the equation is,
[tex]\frac{V 1}{T 1}=\frac{V 2}{T 2}[/tex]
Given data:
V1 = 11.2L
V2 = 13.3L
T2 = 55°C = 328K
By substituting the given data,
[tex]\begin{aligned}&\frac{11.2}{T 1}=\frac{13.3 L}{328 K} \\&T 1=\frac{11.2 L / 328 K}{13.3 L}\end{aligned}[/tex]
∴T1 = 276K = 3°C
The temperature of an 11.2 L sample of carbon monoxide, CO, at 744 torr is 276 K or 3°C.
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How are ionic compounds formed?
Answer:
Atoms gain/lose electrons and are held together by electrostatic forces.
what is the molar mass of citric acid (c6h8o7) and baking soda (nahco3)?
The molar mass of citric acid (c6h8o7) is 192.124g/mol
The molar mass of baking soda (nahco3) is 84.007g/mol
The molar mass of a chemical compound is defined as the mass of a sample of that compound divided by the amount of substance in that sample and is measured in moles. Molar mass is a mass property, not a molecular property of a substance.
Molar mass is the mass of 1 mole of the sample. To find the molar mass, add up the atomic masses (atomic weights) of all the atoms in the molecule. Use the masses listed in the periodic table or atomic weight table to determine the atomic mass of each element.
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The molar mass of citric acid (C6H8O7) : 192.12 g/mol
The molar mass of citric acid (C6H8O7) : 84.007 g/mol
Baking soda is a monosodium salt of carbonic acid with alkalizing and electrolyte substitution properties. When dissociated, baking soda forms sodium and bicarbonate ions. Ion formation increases plasma bicarbonate and buffers excess hydrogen ion concentration, resulting in an increase in blood pH.
Citric acid is a naturally occurring weak acid in all citrus fruits. If you've ever sunk your teeth in a lemon, you've tasted citric acid. Manufacturers add artificial versions of it to processed foods. Drugs containing citric acid treat health problems such as kidney stones.
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You need a 70% alcohol solution. On hand, you have a 135 mL of a 20% alcohol mixture. You also have 85% alcohol mixture. How much of the 85% mixture will you need to add to obtain the desired solution
To obtain the desired solution:
450 mL of 85% alcohol solution is needed to obtain the desired solution.
Calculation:
Let x be the amount of the 85% alcohol required
The volume of the resulting 70% alcohol solution will then be = x + 135 ml
135 mL of the 20% alcohol solution contains the amount of "pure" alcohol is = 0.20×135 mL.
The 85% alcohol solution contains x mL of "pure" alcohol = 0.85× x mL.
The total amount of the "pure" alcohol is the sum
= 0.20×135 + 0.85× x mL.
It should be equal to the amount of the "pure" alcohol in the mixture, which is = 0.70× (x+135) ml.
So, your "pure alcohol" equation is,
= 0.85× x + 0.20×135 = 0.70× (x+135)
Simplify and solve it for x:
0.85x + 0.20×135 = 0.70x + 0.70×135,
0.85x - 0.70x = 0.70×135 - 0.20×135,
0.15x = 67.5
x = 67.5/0.15
= 450mL.
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The relationship between the providers and the customer, where the providers keep the promises made to the customer, is also known as:_______.
The relationship between the providers and the customer, where the providers keep the promises made to the customer, is also known as a service-level agreement.
A service-level agreement (SLA) outlines the degree of service that a client expects from a supplier, the metrics used to measure that performance, and any penalties that may be imposed if the agreed-upon service standards are not fulfilled.
A service level agreement (SLA) is a straightforward contract between a service provider and their client (internal or external), outlining the services to be provided, the level of responsiveness to be anticipated, and the performance metrics to be used.
A Service Level Agreement (SLA) has been adopted by the Information Technology Department to direct its project management. Our SLA's objectives are. to enhance management effectiveness
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Are isotopes similar to ions, yes or no?
Answer:
Yes
Explanation:
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei. Everything else about them is the same.(If you want more explanation tell me).
The presence of no subscript for an element in a chemical formula means that there is/are?
Answer:
only one atom of that element
Explanation:
Example:
H2 O has two hydrogenatoms and ONE Oxygen atom
The presence of no subscript for an element in a chemical formula means that there is a single atom of that element in the compound.
In a chemical formula, subscripts are used to indicate the number of atoms of each element present in a compound. When an element has no subscript, it means that there is only one atom of that element in the compound.
For example, in the chemical formula H₂O, the subscript 2 indicates that there are two hydrogen atoms present. On the other hand, the absence of a subscript for oxygen means that there is only one oxygen atom in the compound.
Thus, when there is no subscript for an element in a chemical formula, it signifies that there is a single atom of that element in the compound.
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The mass percentage of pencils in a collection of keys that weigh
132.456 g and a pencil that weighs 9.540 g is
%?
Answer:
Mass Percent of Pencils = 7.20%
Explanation:
The mass percent can be calculated using the following equation. In this case, the "solute" is the pencil and the "solution" is the collection of pencils.
mass solute
Mass Percent = ------------------------ x 100%
mass solution
9.540 g (pencil)
Mass Percent = -------------------------------------------- x 100%
132.456 g (pencil collection)
Mass Percent = 7.20%
A 4.40g piece of solid CO2 (dry ice) is allowed to sublime in a balloon. The final volume of the balloon is 1.00 L at 300 K. What is the pressure of the gas
Answer:
2.46 atm
Explanation:
We are going to use ideal gas law PV = n RT
find n mole weight of CO2 = 12.011 + 2 * 15.999 = ~ 44 gm/mole
SO 4.4 gm / 44 gm/mole = .1 mole (this is 'n' )
R = gas constant = .082057366 L-atm/k-mol
T must be in Kelvin = 300
PV = nRT
P * 1 = .1 * .082057366 * 300
P = 2.46 atm
1.For the first ten reactions, write a balanced reaction for each tube in which a reaction occurred. If there was no reaction, write NR
The equations of reaction occurring in the tubes are as follows:
2 MnO₄⁻ + 6 Br⁻ + 8 H⁺ → 2 MnO₂ + 3 Br₂ + 4 H₂O2 MnO₄⁻ + 6 I⁻ + 8 H⁺ → 2 MnO₂ + 3 I₂ + 4 H₂ONo reaction2 Fe³⁺ + 2 I⁻ → 2 Fe²⁺ + I₂What are the reactions occurring in the tubes?The reactions occurring in the tubes are redox reactions.
Based on the table the equations of reaction are as follows:
2 MnO₄⁻ + 6 Br⁻ + 8 H⁺ → 2 MnO₂ + 3 Br₂ + 4 H₂O2 MnO₄⁻ + 6 I⁻ + 8 H⁺ → 2 MnO₂ + 3 I₂ + 4 H₂ONo reaction2 Fe³⁺ + 2 I⁻ → 2 Fe²⁺ + I₂In conclusion, redox reaction are reactions in which electrons are transferred.
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What mass of lithium carbonate (in grams) must be added to 25.0 mL of 0.335 M hydrochloric acid solution to completely neutralize the acid
Answer: 0.309g
Explanation:
If you are given 0.25 mol of Fe and 0.5 mol of O2, what is the limiting reactant?
The limiting reactant will be Fe.
What are limiting reactants?They are reactants that are available in limited quantities, as compared to other reactants, during the course of reactions.
From the equation of the reaction: [tex]4Fe + 3O_2 --- > 2Fe_2O_3[/tex]
The mole ratio of Fe to O2 is 4:3.
Thus, for 0.25 mol Fe, 0.25 x 3/4 = 0.1875 mol of O2 is required.
With 0.5 mol of O2 available, it means oxygen is in excess while Fe is limited in availability.
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The limiting reactant from the calculations is Fe.
What is the limiting reactant?The limiting reactant is the reactant that is present in the least amount in solution. Now we have the equation as; 4Fe+ 3O2 → 2Fe2O3
If 4 moles of Fe reacts with 3 moles of O2
0.25 mol of Fe reacts with 0.25 mol * 3 moles/4 moles
= 0.1875 moles of O2
It then follows that the limiting reactant is Fe.
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What titrant will be used to titrate the 0. 02 m hcl phenol red solution?
The NaOH will be used What titrant to titrate the 0. 02 m hcl phenol red solution.
Acid-base titrations may be the most typical titrations, although there are numerous more forms as well. Take a look at this illustration where sodium hydroxide is used to titrate a sample of hydrochloric acid (HCl) (NaOH). The titrant (NaOH), which is added gradually throughout the duration of the titration, has been added to the unknown solution.
Titrants are solutions with known concentrations that are added to solutions whose concentrations must be determined. The solution for whom the concentration needs to be determined is known as a titrant as well as analyte.
Therefore, the NaOH will be used as a titrant to titrate the 0. 02 m hcl phenol red solution.
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A 2 kg cat is stuck in a tree 10 m above the ground. How much GPE does it have?
A. 250 J
B. 150 J
C. 200 J
D. 20 J
Answer:
196J, but C. at 200 J comes close.
Explanation:
Potential energy due to gravity is given by:
PEgrav = mass • g • height
where g is the acceleration due to gravity. We'll use 9.8 N/kg (on Earth).
PEgrav = mass • g • height
PEgrav = (2 kg) • (9.8 N/kg) • (10 m)
PEgrav = 196 N*m
1 N*m = 1 Joule
PEgrav = 196 J
C. at 200 J comes close. The solution probably used a value of g equal to 10 N/kg)
Answer:
20 J
Explanation:
7. A movable piston is allowed to cool from 392°F to 104°F. If the initial volume is 105 mL,
what will be the new volume?
Answer:
27.9 mL
Explanation:
To find the new volume, you need to use the Charles' Law equation:
V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂
In this equation, "V₁" and "T₁" represent the initial volume and temperature. "V₂" and "T₂" represent the final volume and temperature.
V₁ = 105 mL V₂ = ? mL
T₁ = 392 °F T₂ = 104 °F
V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂ <----- Charles' Law
105 mL / 392 °F = V₂ / 104 °F <----- Insert values
0.26785 = V₂ / 104 °F <----- Simplify left side
27.9 = V₂ <----- Multiply both sides by 104
If you remove two protons and two neutrons from a gold atom (au), what new element is formed (if any)?
Answer: Iridium
Explanation:
The atomic number of Iridium is 77.
The element we obtain if we remove two protons and two neutrons from the gold is iridium. The atomic number of gold is 79 and that of iridium is 77.
What is iridium?Iridium is the 77th element in the periodic table. It is a transition metal like gold, silver, platinum etc. Iridium is a d-block metal and have its valence electrons in d-orbital.
Gold is 79th element and it is also a transition metal. Gold is a precious metal used in making ornaments and its having high cost.
The atomic number of gold is 79 and it have 79 electrons and 79 protons. The atomic number of an element is the number of its protons and the mass number of the element is the sum of number of electrons and number of protons.
If we remove two protons from the 79 protons of gold the proton number becomes 77 and thus the atomic number. The elements with the atomic number 77 is iridium.
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10.Using the below valency chart, write chemical formula for aluminum oxide and
aluminum chloride
The chemical formula of aluminum chloride is AlCl₃ and the chemical formula of aluminum oxide is Al₂O₃.
Aluminum chloride
The chemical formula of aluminum chloride is written as;
Al³⁺ + Cl⁻ → AlCl₃
Aluminum oxideThe chemical formula of aluminum oxide is written as;
Al³⁺ + O²⁻ → Al₂O₃
Thus, the chemical formula of aluminum chloride is AlCl₃ and the chemical formula of aluminum oxide is Al₂O₃.
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what are the differences between the double displacement reaction and the displacement reaction ? explain with a chemical equations
In a displacement reaction, a more reactive element replaces a less reactive element from a compound. In a double displacement reaction, two atoms or a group of atoms switch places to form new compounds.
Explaination:
Displacement chemical reaction :
A displacement reaction is the one wherein the atom or a set of atoms is displaced by another atom in a molecule. For instance, when iron is added to a copper sulphate solution, it displaces the copper metal.
Fe + CuSO4 → FeSO4 + Cu. When zinc is added to a copper sulphate solution, it displaces the copper metal. ...
Zn + CuSO4 → ZnSO4 + Cu.
etc.
Double Displacement Chemical Reaction :
Double displacement reactions take place mostly in aqueous solutions wherein the ions precipitate and exchange of ions takes place. For example, when a solution of barium chloride is mixed with sodium sulphate, a white precipitate of barium sulphate is formed rapidly. These reactions are ionic in nature.
Here are some examples of double displacement reaction: AgNO 3 + NaCl → AgCl + NaNO.
2NaCl + CaSO4 → Na2SO4+ CaCl.
H2SO4 + 2LiOH ⇌ Li2SO4 + 2H2O.
A gas has experienced a small increase in volume but has maintained the same pressure and number of moles. According to the ideal gas law, how has the temperature of the gas changed?
It has increased two times.
It has increased slightly.
It has decreased slightly.
It has stayed the same
According to the ideal gas law, if the volume experienced a small increase, the temperature increases slightly as well. (It has increased slightly.)
What is the ideal gas equation?It is an equation that relates the pressure (P), volume (V), number of moles (n) and temperature (T) of an ideal gas.
Let's consider the ideal gas law.
P × V = n × R × TA
T = P × V / n × R
According to the expression above, there is a direct relationship between volume and temperature. Thus, if the volume experienced a small increase, the temperature increases slightly as well.
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The concentration of hydroxide ion in an aqueous solution at 25°c is 3. 6 × 10⁻⁴ m. What is the concentration of the hydronium ion?.
Concentration of hydronium ion is 2.8 x 10⁻¹¹ M.
Calculation:
Given,
[OH⁻] = 3.6 x 10⁻⁴ M (concentration of hydroxide ion)
To find,
[H₃O⁺] =? (concentration of hydronium ion)
We know the relation that,
[H₃O⁺] x [OH⁻] = Kw
where,
Kw is the ionic constant of water at 25°C
Kw = 1 x 10⁻¹⁴
Substituting the known concentration of [OH-], we can find the concentration of [H3O+],
[H₃O⁺][3.6 x 10⁻⁴] = 1 x 10⁻¹⁴
[H₃O⁺] = 1 x 10⁻¹⁴/ 3.6 x 10⁻⁴
[H₃O⁺] = 2.8 x 10⁻¹¹ M
Therefore, the concentration of hydronium ion is 2.8 x 10⁻¹¹ M.
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During the procedure, several wases with cold methanol were done. why was it important to use cold methanol? (In nitration of methyl benzoate)
The use of cold methanol is important because it is used to recrystallize or solidify the product.
Since, ice bath is also used in nitration of methyl benzoate because in this reaction the concentrated acid like sulfuric acid is used with water and it is very exothermic.
The formation pure solid from the impure solid compound by mixing with hot solvent and form saturated solution. Now, this solution as cools and pure crystal grows when solubility of the compound decreases. This whole process is called re-crystallization.
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Which diagram is the correct electron dot diagram for magnesium?
A.
A symbol of magnesium M g has four dots representing four free electrons.
B.
A symbol of magnesium M g has three dots representing three free electrons.
C.
A symbol of magnesium M g has one dot representing one free electron.
D.
A symbol of magnesium M g has two dots representing two free electrons.
A symbol of magnesium, Mg, with two dots representing two free electrons. The correct option is D.
Electron dot diagramMagnesium is represented by Mg.
Magnesium has an atomic number of 12. Thus the electron configuration will be 2,8,2.
This means that there are two valence electrons in every Mg atom.
Therefore, the electron do diagram would be the symbol of the element with two dots representing the two valence electrons.
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Answer:
Two dotted M
Explanation:
The partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air at sea level is Group of answer choices greater than the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air at the top of Mt. Everest. less than the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air at the top of Mt. Everest. equal to the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air at the top of Mt. Everest.
A. The partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air at sea level is greater than the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air at the top of Mt. Everest.
What is partial pressure?Partial pressure is the pressure exerted by a component of mixture of gases.
Partial pressure of oxygen in different location of the EarthThe depth (distance from top to bottom) of the atmosphere is greatest at sea level and decreases at higher altitudes.
With greater depth of the atmosphere, more air is pressing down from above.
Air pressure is greatest at sea level and falls with increasing altitude.
Thus, the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air at sea level is greater than the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air at the top of Mt. Everest.
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