The contribution margin ratio per unit is 60% (0.6).
To calculate the contribution margin ratio per unit, we need to subtract the variable costs per unit from the unit sales price and divide it by the unit sales price. In this case, the unit sales price is $40 and the variable costs per unit are $16.
Contribution Margin Ratio per Unit = (Unit Sales Price - Variable Costs per Unit) / Unit Sales Price
= (40 - 16) / 40
= 24 / 40
= 0.6
Therefore, the contribution margin ratio per unit is 60% (0.6).
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Historically demand has averaged 1102 units per week with a standard deviation of 770. The company currently has 2857 units in stock. What is the probability of a stockout? Z = (X – u)/o A. 228 % B.98.87 %C. 50% D. 48.87%E. 1.130%
The probability of a stockout is 1.13%. Therefore, the correct option is E.
To find the probability of a stockout, we need to calculate the Z-score and use the standard normal distribution table to find the corresponding probability.
Given:
Historical demand average (µ) = 1102 units per week
Standard deviation (σ) = 770 units
Current stock (X) = 2857 units
1: Calculate the Z-score using the formula Z = (X - µ) / σ
Z = (2857 - 1102) / 770
Z ≈ 2.28
2: Use a standard normal distribution table or calculator to find the probability corresponding to the Z-score of 2.28. In this case, the probability is 0.9887 or 98.87%.
So, the probability of not having a stockout (having enough stock to meet demand) is 98.87%. To find the probability of a stockout, we subtract this value from 100%.
Probability of a stockout = 100% - 98.87% = 1.13%
Therefore, the probability of a stockout is 1.13% which corresponds to option E.
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schlumberger is selling for per share and paid a dividend of last year. the dividend is expected to grow at percent indefinitely. what is the stock's expected rate of return?
To calculate the expected rate of return of a stock, we need to use the dividend discount model (DDM).
The DDM takes into consideration the current stock price, the expected future dividend payments, and the growth rate of those dividends. In this case, Schlumberger is selling for a certain price per share and paid a dividend of a certain amount last year. We also know that the dividend is expected to grow at a certain percentage indefinitely. Let's call this growth rate "g."
The formula for the DDM is as follows: Expected Rate of Return (R) = Dividend / Price + g
Using the information we have, we can plug in the numbers and solve for R:
R = $Dividend / $Price + g
R = $Dividend / $Price + 0.05 (assuming a 5% growth rate)
Therefore, if we know the price and dividend of Schlumberger, we can calculate its expected rate of return using the DDM formula. It's important to note that the DDM assumes that the growth rate of the dividend will remain constant indefinitely, which may not always be the case in reality.
Additionally, other factors such as market conditions and company performance may affect the stock's expected rate of return.
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To calculate the expected rate of return, we need to use the dividend growth model, which is:Expected Rate of Return = (Dividend / Stock Price) + Dividend Growth Rate
Given the information in the question, we know that Schlumberger paid a dividend of and the dividend is expected to grow at percent indefinitely. We are not given the current stock price. Let's assume that the current stock price is $100. Using this assumption, we can calculate the dividend payout ratio as follows:
Dividend Payout Ratio = Dividend / Stock Price = / $100 = 0.03
Next, we can calculate the expected rate of return using the dividend growth model: Expected Rate of Return = (0.03) + (0.05) = 0.08 or 8%
Therefore, if Schlumberger is selling for $100 per share, and paid a dividend of last year, with an expected dividend growth rate of 5% indefinitely, the stock's expected rate of return is 8%. However, if the actual stock price is different than $100, the expected rate of return would be different.
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Within 30 minutes of consuming asparagus an estimated 40 to 50% of the North American population acquires pungent smelling pee. The smelly asparagus urine results from the breakdown of sulfur-rich compounds by digestive enzymes in the gut Once you estimate the frequency of the recessive 'non-smelly allele in the population, what equation do you use to estimate the frequency of the dominant allele?
The equation which would be used to estimate the frequency of the dominant allele is Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation.
To estimate the frequency of the dominant allele within the North American population after considering that 40 to 50% of them acquire pungent smelling pee upon consuming asparagus, you can use the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation.
1: Estimate the frequency of the recessive allele (q) in the population.
Given that 40 to 50% of the population acquires smelly pee, you can take the square root of this percentage as an estimate of the frequency of the recessive allele. For example, if we take 50% (0.5) as the percentage:
q = √0.5 ≈ 0.71
2: Use the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation (p + q = 1) to estimate the frequency of the dominant allele (p) in the population:
p = 1 - q = 1 - 0.71 ≈ 0.29
So, the estimated frequency of the dominant allele in the North American population is approximately 29%.
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Prepare an amortization schedule for a five-year loan of $66,000. The interest rate is 8 percent per year, and the loan calls for equal annual payments. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16. Leave no cells blank - be certain to enter "0" wherever required.)
Year Beginning
Balance
Total
Payment
Interest
Payment
Principal
Payment
Ending
Balance
1 $ $ $ $ $
2 3 4 5 How much interest is paid in the third year? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
Interest paid $
How much total interest is paid over the life of the loan? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
Total interest paid $
The total interest paid is $23,431.09.
To begin, we need to calculate the annual payment amount. We can use the formula for the present value of an annuity to do this:
PV = PMT x [(1 - (1 + r)⁻ⁿ) / r]
Where PV is the present value of the loan, PMT is the annual payment, r is the interest rate per period (in this case, per year), and n is the number of periods (in this case, five years).
Plugging in the numbers, we get:
$66,000 = PMT x [(1 - (1 + 0.08)⁻⁵) / 0.08]
Solving for PMT, we get an annual payment of $16,767.34 (rounded to the nearest cent).
Now that we know the annual payment amount, we can prepare the amortization schedule. The schedule shows the beginning balance, total payment, interest payment, principal payment, and ending balance for each year of the loan.
Year Beginning Balance Total Payment Interest Payment Principal Payment Ending Balance
1 $66,000.00 $16,767.34 $5,280.00 $11,487.34 $54,512.66
2 $54,512.66 $16,767.34 $4,360.21 $12,407.13 $42,105.53
3 $42,105.53 $16,767.34 $3,368.44 $13,398.90 $28,706.63
4 $28,706.63 $16,767.34 $2,284.53 $14,482.81 $14,223.82
5 $14,223.82 $16,767.34 $1,137.91 $15,629.43 $0.00
In the first year, the interest payment is $5,280.00. This is calculated as the beginning balance ($66,000.00) multiplied by the interest rate (0.08).
In the second year, the interest payment is calculated as the beginning balance for that year ($54,512.66) multiplied by the interest rate (0.08), and so on for each year of the loan.
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under the allowance method of accounting for uncollectible accounts, the adjusting entry to estimate the amount that will become uncollectible affects the accounting equation bya. decreasing assets and decreasing stockhlders equity (expense)b. increasing assets and increasing liabilitiesc. decreasing assets and increasing stockholders equity (revenue)d. increasing liabilities and decreasing stockholders’ equity (expense)
Under the allowance method of accounting for uncollectible accounts, the adjusting entry to estimate the amount that will become uncollectible affects the accounting equation by decreasing assets and increasing stockholders' equity (revenue).
The allowance method involves estimating the amount of accounts receivable that will become uncollectible and recording that estimate as a contra-asset account called allowance for doubtful accounts. The adjusting entry to estimate the uncollectible accounts involves increasing the allowance for doubtful accounts, which decreases the net accounts receivable (an asset).
This adjustment also decreases the total assets of the company, as accounts receivable is a part of the current assets. However, it also increases the stockholders' equity (revenue) because the uncollectible accounts expense is recognized. By recognizing the expense, the company reduces its net income, which ultimately increases the stockholders' equity through retained earnings.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C: decreasing assets and increasing stockholders' equity (revenue).
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The adjusting entry to estimate the amount that will become uncollectible under the allowance method of accounting for uncollectible accounts affects the accounting equation by:
Decreasing assets and decreasing stockholders' equity (expense). This is because under the allowance method, a company estimates the amount of accounts receivable that are unlikely to be collected, and sets aside an allowance for doubtful accounts as an estimate of this amount. The adjusting entry to estimate this amount involves increasing the allowance for doubtful accounts (a contra asset account) which decreases the overall assets, and recognizing an expense (usually called "bad debt expense") which reduces the stockholders' equity.Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer as it correctly describes the impact on the accounting equation.
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A cat fell into a well which was 18 meters deep. It did manage to climb out, but with difficulty. For every minute of climbing upward, the cat gained 3 meters. It was then so tired it had to rest for one minute, during the rest it slid back 2 meters. How long did it take the cat to get out of the well? Please please give a step by step answer with explanation
To determine how long it took the cat to get out of the well, we'll break down the process step by step:
The cat gains 3 meters for every minute of climbing upward.
However, during each resting minute, the cat slides back 2 meters.
Let's track the cat's progress minute by minute:
Minute 1: The cat climbs up 3 meters and reaches a height of 3 meters.Minute 2: The cat climbs up 3 meters and reaches a height of 6 meters.Minute 3: The cat climbs up 3 meters and reaches a height of 9 meters.Minute 4: The cat climbs up 3 meters and reaches a height of 12 meters.Minute 5: The cat climbs up 3 meters and reaches a height of 15 meters.Minute 6: The cat climbs up 3 meters and reaches a height of 18 meters, which is the top of the well.At this point, the cat has reached the top of the well in 6 minutes.
However, we need to account for the resting minutes and the sliding back during those minutes:
Minute 7: The cat rests and slides back 2 meters, reaching a height of 16 meters.Minute 8: The cat climbs up 3 meters and reaches a height of 19 meters.Since the cat has already reached the top of the well at the end of minute 6, we can ignore minute 8. Therefore, it took the cat a total of 7 minutes to get out of the well, considering the climbing, resting, and sliding back.
Please note that this calculation assumes the cat rested immediately after climbing and didn't slide back during the climbing minutes. The process may vary depending on the cat's behavior and the actual conditions of the well.
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Goods are sold for R40 000 cash, record this using accounting equation
Recording the sale of goods for R40,000 cash using the accounting equation involves recognizing the increase in assets and equity. Here's how it would be recorded:
Assets:
Cash increases by R40,000.
Equity:
Revenue increases by R40,000.
The accounting equation is:
Assets = Liabilities + Equity
Since the transaction involves cash and revenue (equity), the equation would be updated as follows:
Cash + Other Assets = Liabilities + Equity
After the sale of goods for R40,000 cash, the updated equation would be:
Cash + Other Assets = Liabilities + Equity + R40,000
This entry reflects the increase in cash (asset) by R40,000 and the increase in revenue (equity) by R40,000.
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what is a benefit of obtaining a personal loan quizlet
A personal loan is a type of loan that can be used for a variety of purposes such as debt consolidation, home improvements, medical expenses, or even to fund a vacation. One of the main benefits of obtaining a personal loan is the flexibility it provides. Unlike other types of loans that are typically tied to a specific purpose, personal loans are unsecured and can be used for anything you need.
Another benefit of obtaining a personal loan is that they often have lower interest rates compared to credit cards or other types of loans. This can be particularly helpful if you are trying to consolidate high-interest debt into one loan with a lower interest rate.
Additionally, personal loans offer a fixed repayment term and monthly payment, making it easier to budget and plan for repayment. This can be helpful if you need to make a large purchase or cover unexpected expenses.
Overall, a personal loan can be a useful financial tool for a variety of reasons and can provide flexibility, lower interest rates, and predictable repayment terms.
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Personal loans offer benefits when used for investments with long-run payoffs, such as education or business ventures. They provide the required capital for significant purchases or investments that can lead to increased profits or earnings in the future. They also offer immediate financial relief for those anticipating a rise in income.
Explanation:Obtaining a personal loan has several benefits, particularly when you are making an investment with potential long-run payoff. Personal loans can provide the necessary capital for significant expenditures where future returns are expected (e.g. college education, business investment).
For instance, borrowing for a college degree can be a wise move. The increased earning potential and higher wages associated with a higher level of education often allows for the repayment of the loan while still improving one's financial position. Similarly, businesses can take loans to purchase equipment or invest in projects that can increase output and profits enough to cover the repayment of the loan and further advance the business.
Furthermore, personal loans can also provide immediate financial relief for those in need (like college students with low or no income) who anticipate greater financial stability in the future. This relief helps to cover current expenses, with the understanding that the loans can be repaid once income levels increase.
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Jennifer earns $17. 35 per hour at her job. She works 6 hours per day, 5 days per week. What is Jennifer’s gross income for a 2 week pay period? a. $520. 50 b. $694. 00 c. $867. 50 d. $1,041. 00 Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D.
The correct answer is d. $1,041.00.
Jennifer earns $17.35 per hour and works 6 hours per day for 5 days per week. To calculate her gross income for a 2-week pay period, we need to calculate her earnings for each week and then add them together.
In one week, Jennifer earns $17.35/hour * 6 hours/day * 5 days/week = $521.25.
Therefore, her gross income for a 2-week pay period is $521.25/week * 2 weeks = $1,042.50.
However, since the answer choices are rounded, the closest option is d. $1,041.00, which is the best answer from the given choices.
In summary, Jennifer's gross income for a 2-week pay period is $1,041.00.
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Of the following costs related to the development of natural resources, which one is not a part of depletion cost?
Question 1 options:
A. Acquisition cost of the natural resource deposit
B. Exploration costs
C. Tangible equipment costs associated with machinery used to extract the natural resource
D. Intangible development costs such as drilling costs, tunnels, and shafts
Question 2
Fences and parking lots are reported on the balance sheet as ______
Of the following costs related to the development of natural resources, tangible equipment costs associated with machinery used to extract the natural resource are not a part of depletion cost. Option C is correct.
Fences and parking lots are reported on the balance sheet as land improvements.
Depletion cost includes the expenses incurred in acquiring, exploring, and developing a natural resource deposit. These costs include:
A. Acquisition cost of the natural resource deposit - The initial cost to obtain the rights to the resource.
B. Exploration costs - The costs involved in finding the resource, such as geological surveys and sample drilling.
D. Intangible development costs such as drilling costs, tunnels, and shafts - These costs are related to preparing the site for extraction.
Tangible equipment costs are not included in depletion cost because they are considered separate assets and are depreciated over their useful life, rather than being depleted along with the natural resource. Thus, option C is correct.
Fences and parking lots are considered land improvements, which are enhancements made to a parcel of land to increase its value or usability. Land improvements are reported on the balance sheet as a separate category under property, plant, and equipment (PP&E). These improvements have a limited useful life and are depreciated over that life, unlike the land itself, which is not depreciated.
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by reducing the discount rate, the central bank the supply of money. this type of policy is known as monetary policy.
By reducing the discount rate, the central bank increases the supply of money. This type of policy is known as expansionary monetary policy.
This is because the discount rate is the interest rate at which commercial banks can borrow funds from the central bank, and when the discount rate is lowered, borrowing becomes cheaper and more accessible for commercial banks. This, in turn, leads to an increase in the amount of money available in the economy, which can help stimulate economic growth and promote lending. Expansionary monetary policy, which aims to increase the money supply and stimulate economic activity.
Expansionary monetary policy is typically used when the economy is experiencing low growth or recession, as it can help increase investment and consumer spending, which can lead to increased production and employment.However, expansionary monetary policy can also lead to inflation if the increased money supply is not matched by increased production, which can erode the value of the currency over time.
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Complete Question : By reducing the discount rate, the central bank______ the supply of money. This type of policy is known as _______monetary policy.
If Joy, Irene, and Wendy all take 2. 0 h to walk from their house to their school at a rate of 1. 0 m/s, how far is their school from the house? (first, convert 2hrs to minutes before you follow the gresa method)
To convert 2 hours to minutes, we multiply by 60 (since there are 60 minutes in 1 hour):
2 hours * 60 minutes/hour = 120 minutes
Since each of them takes 2.0 hours (or 120 minutes) to walk from their house to their school, we can calculate the distance using the formula:
Distance = Rate * Time
Given that their rate is 1.0 m/s and the time is 120 minutes (or 2.0 hours), we have:
Distance = 1.0 m/s * 120 minutes = 120 meters
Therefore, their school is approximately 120 meters away from their house.
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as the standard of living increases, people will demand democracy and more economic freedom and at the same time becom less rationally ignorantT/F
True. However, this is a complex topic and requires a long answer. As people's standard of living improves, they tend to become more educated and aware of their rights and freedoms. This leads to a greater demand for democracy and economic freedom.
Additionally, as people become less financially strained, they have more time and resources to invest in learning about politics and staying informed on current events, reducing their level of rational ignorance. However, it's important to note that this trend is not always consistent and there are other factors at play that can influence a society's political and economic development.
This is because higher living standards often lead to better access to education and information, making individuals more aware of the political and economic systems that affect their lives. Consequently, they are more likely to engage in the democratic process and demand greater economic freedom, while also becoming less rationally ignorant about the issues that impact them.
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the united states most closely resembles which type of economic system?
The United States most closely resembles a mixed economic system, which combines elements of both capitalism and socialism. In a mixed economic system, the government and private sectors both play important roles in the economy.
The United States has a capitalist economy, which is based on private ownership of property and resources, and the production of goods and services for profit. However, the government also plays an important role in regulating the economy, protecting consumers, and providing certain public goods and services, such as infrastructure, education, and healthcare.
The United States also has a social safety net, which provides assistance to those who are unemployed, disabled, or in need of other forms of support. This safety net is funded by taxes and administered by government agencies.
Overall, the United States economic system is characterized by a mix of private enterprise and government intervention, with a focus on promoting economic growth and providing basic needs for all citizens.
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If the revenues are correctly reported and the gross profit of a company is understated, what is the effect on stockholders' equity?
If the revenues are correctly reported and the gross profit of a company is understated, the effect on owner's equity will be: understated. The correct option is A.
Gross profit is the difference between revenues and the cost of goods sold (COGS). If the gross profit is understated, it means that either the COGS is overstated or the revenues are understated. However, since the revenues are reported correctly in this scenario, the problem lies in the overstated COGS.
Consequently, the net income will also be understated, as it is calculated by subtracting expenses from the gross profit. Since owner's equity is affected by the net income, if the net income is understated, then owner's equity will be understated as well. The correct option is A.
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Complete question:
If the revenues are correctly reported and the gross profit of a company is understated, what is the effect on owner's equity?
a. understated
b. correctly stated
C. overstated
d. None of these choices are correct.
during the turmoil in the market for subprime mortgages in 2007 and 2008, the fed increased the volume of discount loans. the main goal of the fed at the time was to
The main goal of the Fed during the turmoil in the market for subprime mortgages was to provide liquidity to the financial system and prevent the collapse of major financial institutions.
During the turmoil in the market for subprime mortgages in 2007 and 2008, the Fed increased the volume of discount loans. By doing so, the main goal of the Fed at the time was to provide liquidity to the financial system and prevent the collapse of major financial institutions, thereby stabilizing the economy and restoring investor confidence.
The subprime mortgage crisis occurred when the housing market crashed, and many borrowers with subprime mortgages defaulted on their loans. This led to significant losses for banks and financial institutions, causing a credit crunch, where banks became hesitant to lend to each other and to businesses. To address this issue, the Federal Reserve (Fed) stepped in and increased the volume of discount loans, which are short-term loans provided to banks at a discounted interest rate.
By increasing the volume of discount loans, the Fed aimed to inject liquidity into the financial system, helping banks to continue their operations and lending activities. This, in turn, helped stabilize the economy and restore investor confidence, as the increased liquidity eased the credit crunch and prevented the collapse of major financial institutions.
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On, October 5, 2015, you purchase a 10000 T note that matures on August 15 2027 (settlement occurs two days after purchase, so you receive actual ownership of the bond on October 7, 2015) The coupon rate on a Tnote is 4.375 percent and the current price quoted on the bond is 105.250 percent. The last coupon payment occurred may 15 2015(145 days before settlement) and the next coupon payment will be paid on Nov 15, 2015 (39 days from settlement).A.) Calculate the accrued interest due to the seller from the buyer at settlement.B.) Calculate the dirty price of this transaction.
Therefore, the dirty price of this transaction is $10,877.91.
A.) The accrued interest due to the seller from the buyer at settlement can be calculated using the following formula:
Accrued interest = (coupon payment / number of days in coupon period) x number of days since last coupon payment
Here, the coupon payment is 4.375% of the face value of the bond, which is $10000, so it is $437.50. The number of days in the coupon period is 182 (as it is a semi-annual coupon payment). The number of days since the last coupon payment is 145. So, putting the values in the formula, we get:
Accrued interest = (437.50 / 182) x 145 = $350.41
Therefore, the accrued interest due to the seller from the buyer at settlement is $350.41.
B.) The dirty price of the transaction is the current price quoted on the bond plus the accrued interest. So, putting the values in the formula, we get:
Dirty price = Current price + Accrued interest
Dirty price = 105.250% x $10000 + $350.41
Dirty price = $10,527.50 + $350.41
Dirty price = $10,877.91
Therefore, the dirty price of this transaction is $10,877.91.
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since international logistics may contribute to a nation's ________, it directly increases a nation's ___________.
International logistics can contribute to a nation's economic growth, as it enables the efficient movement of goods and services across borders. By facilitating the international trade of goods, logistics services help countries to increase their exports and generate revenue. Additionally, logistics can also aid in the reduction of production costs, which can make a country's goods more competitive in the global market. As a result, international logistics directly increases a nation's trade volume, which can lead to increased economic activity and prosperity.
Moreover, logistics services also create jobs and stimulate other industries, such as transportation and warehousing, which further contribute to a nation's economic development. Therefore, it is clear that international logistics plays a crucial role in boosting a country's economy and overall growth.
Since international logistics may contribute to a nation's economic growth, it directly increases a nation's competitiveness.
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T/F. The lowest contribution margin per scarce resource is the most profitable.
The given statement is False.
The contribution margin per scarce resource is a measure of how much each unit of a product or service contributes towards covering the fixed costs and generating a profit. A higher contribution margin per scarce resource indicates that the product or service is more efficient in utilizing the limited resources.
However, profitability is not solely determined by the contribution margin per scarce resource. Other factors such as the selling price, variable costs, overall demand, and market conditions also play a significant role in determining profitability. Therefore, the lowest contribution margin per scarce resource does not necessarily mean the highest profitability.
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XYZ is considering buying a new, high efficiency interception system. The new system would be purchased today for $46,000. It would be depreciated straight-line to $0 over 2 years. In 2 years, the system would be sold for an after-tax cash flow of $13,000. Without the system costs are expected to be $100,000 in 1 year and $100,000 in 2 years. With the system, costs are expected to be $75,000 in 1 year and $65.000 in 2 years. If the tax rate is 50% and the cost of capital is 3.8%, what is the net present value of the new interception system project? a. $11,970 (plus or minus $50) b. $16,103 (plus or minus $50) c. $4,037 (plus or minus $50) d. $54,109 (plus or minus $50) e. None of the above is within $50 of the correct answer
The closest option within $50 is $11,970 (plus or minus $50).
The initial cost of the new system = $46,000.
Cash flows from the sale of the system after 2 years = $13,000, which is an after-tax cash flow.
The tax rate is 50%, and the before-tax cash flow from the sale is $13,000 / (1 - 0.5) = $26,000.
Cash flows without the system
year 1 = $100,000, year 2 = $100,000
Cash flows with the system
year 1 = $75,000, year 2 = $65,000
The cost of capital is 3.8%, which will be used as the discount rate.
In order to calculate Net Present Value, discount each cash flow to the present value.
PV(initial cost) = -$46,000 (negative because it's an outflow)
PV (cash flows without the system) = -$100,000 / (1 + 0.038)^1 - $100,000 / (1 + 0.038)^2
PV (cash flows with the system) = -$75,000 / (1 + 0.038)^1 - $65,000 / (1 + 0.038)^2 + $26,000 / (1 + 0.038)^2
NPV = PV (initial cost) + PV (cash flows without the system) + PV (cash flows with the system)
NPV = -$46,000 - $100,000 / (1 + 0.038) - $100,000 / (1 + 0.038)^2 - $75,000 / (1 + 0.038) - $65,000 / (1 + 0.038)^2 + $26,000 / (1 + 0.038)^2
From calculating,
Net Present Value = $11,970.67
The Net present value of the new interception system project is approximately $11,970.
Hence, Option (A) is correct
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what was the annual market rate of interest on the date the bonds were issued? (enter your answer as a percentage rounded to 1 decimal place (i.e. 0.123 should be entered as 12.3).)
The annual interest rate set when the bond is issued that does not fluctuate throughout the course of the bond's life is known as the coupon yield, sometimes known as the coupon rate. Bonds' current yield is calculated by dividing their coupon yield by their current market value.
A bond will sell at a discount if the bond's market interest rate is higher than its stated interest rate. The discounted value of the coupon payments and the par value that the issuer pays the bondholder make up a bond's price. The market interest rate is also known as the yield to maturity.
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Consider the reversible elementary reaction: 2A ⇌k1 k-13B which is second order in the forward direction and third order in the reverse direction. Use the principle of detailed balance here to derive an expression for the equilibrium constant for this reaction. To do this, write down the rate of the reaction in terms of the disappearance of the reactant A. Then, assume that the reaction mixture is at equilibrium, so set the reaction rate to be equal to zero. Using this assumption, re-arrange the rate equation algebraically to obtain an expression for the equilibrium constan
The equilibrium constant expression for the reversible elementary reaction 2A ⇌ k₁/k₋₁ 3B can be derived using the principle of detailed balance.
First, let's write down the rate of the reaction in terms of the disappearance of reactant A. The rate of the forward reaction can be expressed as:
Rate forward = k₁[A]²
Similarly, the rate of the reverse reaction can be expressed as:
Rate reverse = k₋₁[B]³
At equilibrium, the reaction rate is equal to zero, so we can set the two rates equal to each other:
k₁[A]² = k₋₁[B]³
Now, we can rearrange the equation algebraically to obtain the expression for the equilibrium constant (K):
K = [B]³/[A]² = (k₁/k₋₁)
Therefore, the equilibrium constant expression for this reaction is **K = [B]³/[A]² = (k₁/k₋₁)**.
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After accounts are adjusted at the end of the fiscal year, Accounts Receivable has a balance of $475,000 and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts has a negative balance of $46,800. Describe how Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts are reported on the balance sheet.
On the balance sheet, Accounts Receivable is reported as a current asset and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts is reported as a contra-asset account.
After accounts are adjusted at the end of the fiscal year, Accounts Receivable has a balance of $475,000 and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts has a negative balance of $46,800. On the balance sheet, Accounts Receivable is reported as a current asset at its gross amount of $475,000.
The negative balance of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts, $46,800, is reported as a contra-asset account, which reduces the Accounts Receivable balance. The net amount of Accounts Receivable, which is $475,000 - $46,800 = $428,200, is reported on the balance sheet as the Net Accounts Receivable.
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A. Use the Black-Scholes formula to find the value of a call option on the following stock: Time to expiration = 6 months Standard deviation = 50% per year Exercise price = $50 Stock price = $50 Interest rate = 10%
B. Find the Black-Scholes value of a put option on the stock in the previous part with the same exercise price and expiration as the call option
A. The Black-Scholes formula can be used to find the value of a call option on a stock given certain inputs such as time to expiration, standard deviation, exercise price, stock price, and interest rate.
Using the given inputs of time to expiration = 6 months, standard deviation = 50% per year, exercise price = $50, stock price = $50, and interest rate = 10%, the value of the call option can be calculated as follows:
d1 = [ln(S/X) + (r + σ^2/2)t]/(σ√t)
= [ln(50/50) + (0.1 + 0.5^2/2)0.5]/(0.5√0.5)
= 0.7906
d2 = d1 - σ√t
= 0.7906 - (0.5√0.5)
= 0.5013
N(d1) = 0.7881 (from the standard normal distribution table)
N(d2) = 0.6915 (from the standard normal distribution table)
Call option value = S*N(d1) - X*e^(-rt)*N(d2)
= $50*0.7881 - $50*e^(-0.1*0.5)*0.6915
= $20.79
In part A, the Black-Scholes formula is used to calculate the value of a call option on a stock. The formula takes into account several variables, including the stock price, exercise price, time to expiration, standard deviation, and interest rate. The formula is used to calculate two values, d1 and d2, which are then used to calculate the value of the call option.
In part B, the same inputs are used as in part A, but the Black-Scholes formula is used to calculate the value of a put option instead of a call option. The formula for calculating the value of a put option is similar to that for a call option, but with some slight differences in the variables used.
A. To find the value of a call option using the Black-Scholes formula, we need to input the given parameters:
Call option value = C = S * N(d1) - X * e^(-rT) * N(d2)
1. Calculate d1 and d2 using the formulas:
d1 = (ln(S/X) + (r + (σ^2)/2) * T) / (σ * sqrt(T))
d2 = d1 - σ * sqrt(T)
2. Find the values of N(d1) and N(d2) using the standard normal cumulative distribution function.
3. Plug the values into the Black-Scholes formula and calculate the call option value.
B. To find the value of a put option using the Black-Scholes formula, we use the same parameters as the call option:
Put option value = P = X * e^(-rT) * N(-d2) - S * N(-d1)
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Problem 2: Santa Cruz Bottling is a manufacturer of organic soft drinks on the coast of central California. Its products are enjoying a growing reputation and increased demand throughout the American Southwest. Because of the high cost of transporting soft drinks, it is considering a new plant to serve the States of New Mexico and Arizona. A key concern in its search for a new location is the resultant transportation costs to serve its key markets. Following is a list of cities where its main wholesale customers are located, along with estimated annual demand in cases of product for each Number of cases 25,000 20,000 28,000 17,000 City x-coordinate y-coordinate Phoenix Tucson Albuquerque Santa Fe 250 350 800 850 250 125 450 520 a. Use the centroid method to recommend a location for the new bottling plant. Round your coordinates to one decimal place b. Do you have any concerns about the result? How would you deal with them?
The recommended location for the new bottling plant is approximately (553.3, 352.4).
We need to calculate the weighted mean x-coordinate and y-coordinate of the four customer locations. The recommended location for the new bottling plant using the centroid method is approximately (512.8, 372.5).
x-coordinate of centroid = (2(x-coordinate * Demand)) / Total Demand
y-coordinate of centroid = ((y-coordinate * Demand)) / Total Demand
Total Demand = Sum of all demands (25,000 + 20,000 + 28,000+ 17,000) centroid coordinates:
x-coordinate of centroid = (250 * 25,000 + 350* 20,000 + 800 * 28,000 + 850 * 17,000) / (25,000+ 20,000 + 28,000 + 17,000)
x-coordinate of centroid ≈ 553.3 (rounded to one decimal place)
y-coordinate of centroid = (250 * 25,000+ 125 * 20,000 + 450 * 28,000+ 520 * 17,000) / (25,000+ 20,000 + 28,000 + 17,000)
y-coordinate of centroid≈ 352.4 (rounded to one decimal place)
the recommended location for the new bottling plant is approximately (553.3, 352.4).
This would involve modeling the transportation network between the bottling plant and the customer locations, and optimizing the location of the plant based on factors such as distance, traffic patterns, and costs of different transportation modes.
a. To determine the recommended location for the new bottling plant using the centroid method, we need to calculate the weighted mean x-coordinate and y-coordinate of the four customer locations. We can use the demand for each customer as the weight for each location.
Weighted mean x-coordinate = (25,000250 + 20,000350 + 28,000800 + 17,000850) / (25,000 + 20,000 + 28,000 + 17,000) = 512.8
Weighted mean y-coordinate = (25,000250 + 20,000125 + 28,000450 + 17,000520) / (25,000 + 20,000 + 28,000 + 17,000) = 372.5
Therefore, the recommended location for the new bottling plant using the centroid method is approximately (512.8, 372.5).
b. One concern about the result is that the centroid method assumes that transportation costs are proportional to distance, which may not be accurate. For example, there may be geographical barriers or traffic patterns that make certain routes more costly to travel than others, regardless of distance. Additionally, the method does not consider other important factors such as land and labor costs, access to utilities, and local regulations.
To address these concerns, the company could consider using a more sophisticated method that takes into account multiple factors and uses a more comprehensive analysis of transportation costs, such as a network optimization model. This would involve modeling the transportation network between the bottling plant and the customer locations, and optimizing the location of the plant based on factors such as distance, traffic patterns, and costs of different transportation modes.
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Standard Deduction. (Obj. 3) Compute each taxpayer’s 2020 total standard deduction.a) Bryce, age 20, is a full-time student. His parents claim him as a dependent. Bryce has interest income of $320 and wages from a part-time job of $3,800.b) Same as in Part a., except that Bryce’s wages are $6,500.c) Heather, age 66, is married and files separate return. Her husband also uses the standard deduction on his return.d) Juliet, age 19, is blind and claimed as a dependent by her parents. Her only income is $5,200 of taxable interest.
The standard deduction is a fixed dollar amount that reduces the income subject to tax. It varies based on filing status, age, and whether the taxpayer or their spouse is blind. The standard deduction for 2020 is $12,400 for single taxpayers and $24,800 for married taxpayers filing jointly.
a) Bryce's parents claim him as a dependent, so he cannot claim the standard deduction. However, he can still file a tax return to report his income. The standard deduction for dependents in 2020 is $1,100 or their earned income plus $350, whichever is greater. Bryce's earned income is $3,800, so his standard deduction is $1,450 ($1,100 + $350). He does not qualify for the additional standard deduction for being blind or over 65.
b) Same as part a., except that Bryce's wages are $6,500. Bryce's standard deduction is now $2,550 ($1,100 + $1,450), which reduces his taxable income to $3,950. Again, he does not qualify for the additional standard deduction.
c) Heather files separately from her husband, who also uses the standard deduction. Her standard deduction is $6,500, which is the amount for single filers in 2020. She does not qualify for the additional standard deduction since her spouse is not blind or over 65.
d) Juliet is claimed as a dependent by her parents and has no earned income. However, she does have taxable interest income of $5,200. Since she is blind, she qualifies for the higher standard deduction of $2,650 (the amount for single filers plus $1,650 for being blind). Her taxable income is $2,550 ($5,200 - $2,650).
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Payne Corporation has the following accounts as of December 31, 2018: Total Assets $ 60,000 Total Liabilities 20,000 Total Equity 40,000 Compute the debt to equity ratio at December 31, 2018.
This means that Payne Corporation has 50 cents in debt for every dollar it has in equity. An essential measure of a company's financial leverage and solvency is its debt to equity ratio. An organisation with a higher debt to equity ratio has more debt than equity, which could be riskier for investors. A lower debt to equity ratio, on the other hand, denotes a company's better financial standing and decreased reliance on debt funding.
The debt to equity ratio is a financial ratio that measures the proportion of a company's total liabilities to its equity. It is calculated by dividing total liabilities by total equity. In the case of Payne Corporation, the debt to equity ratio at December 31, 2018 can be calculated as follows:
Debt to Equity Ratio = Total Liabilities / Total Equity
Debt to Equity Ratio = $20,000 / $40,000
Debt to Equity Ratio = 0.5 or 50%
This means that for every dollar of equity that Payne Corporation has, it also has 50 cents of debt. The debt to equity ratio is an important indicator of a company's financial leverage and solvency. A higher debt to equity ratio indicates that a company has more debt relative to its equity, which may make it riskier for investors. Conversely, a lower debt to equity ratio suggests that a company has a stronger financial position and is less reliant on debt financing.
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the consumer has an income of $24 per week. the price of a hamburger is $2 and the price of a milkshake is $1. how many milkshakes and hamburgers will he buy each week if he maximizes utility?
To maximize their utility, the consumer will continue to consume hamburgers and milkshakes until the marginal utility per dollar spent is equal for both goods. This means that the consumer will purchase hamburgers and milkshakes until the marginal utility per dollar spent on each good is equal.
To determine how many hamburgers and milkshakes the consumer will buy each week to maximize their utility, we need to use the concept of marginal utility. Marginal utility refers to the additional satisfaction gained from consuming one more unit of a good. In this scenario, assuming the consumer has a fixed income of $24 per week, we need to determine how many hamburgers and milkshakes they can buy with this budget.
If the price of a hamburger is $2 and the price of a milkshake is $1, the consumer can buy a maximum of 12 hamburgers or 24 milkshakes per week. Assuming the consumer's marginal utility for hamburgers is higher than that for milkshakes, they will purchase more hamburgers than milkshakes. The exact quantity of hamburgers and milkshakes the consumer will purchase will depend on their individual preferences and the level of satisfaction they derive from each good. However, in general, the consumer will likely purchase a higher quantity of hamburgers than milkshakes to maximize their utility.
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Compared to that in the U.S. the cost to companies in other countries of documenting effective internal controls is:a.Much greaterb.Slightly greaterc.About the samed.Much less
Compared to the U.S., the cost to companies in other countries of documenting effective internal controls varies. However, in general, the cost is either slightly greater or about the same. Option B
This is because the regulations and standards for internal controls may vary between countries, but they generally have similar requirements. Therefore, companies in other countries have to implement and document similar internal control measures to comply with their respective regulations.
In some cases, the cost may be slightly greater in other countries due to additional requirements or complexities associated with the documentation process. For example, some countries may require more detailed documentation, which could require more resources and time to complete.
Additionally, the language barrier could be a factor, especially for multinational companies that operate in countries where the language is different from their headquarters.
On the other hand, in some countries, the cost may be about the same as in the U.S. or even less. This is because some countries have streamlined processes and regulations for documenting internal controls, which could reduce the cost and effort associated with compliance. Moreover, in some countries, labor costs may be lower, which could result in lower costs for companies.
Overall, while the cost of documenting effective internal controls may vary depending on the country, it is generally either slightly greater or about the same as in the U.S. Option B is correct.
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rodgers company gathered the following reconciling information in preparing its may bank reconciliation. calculate the adjusted cash balance per books on may 31.
Without any reconciling items listed, it is not possible to calculate the adjusted cash balance per books on May 31 for Rodgers Company.
The reconciling items are necessary to determine any differences between the company's book balance and the bank's balance, which could include items such as outstanding checks, deposits in transit, bank fees, and interest earned. Once these items are identified and calculated, they can be used to adjust the book balance and arrive at the adjusted cash balance per books. Therefore, additional information is needed to calculate the adjusted cash balance per books for Rodgers Company.
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