Solution X would be classified as a buffer. Option 1.
What is a buffer?A buffer solution is a solution whose pH does not change significantly with the addition of either a small amount of an acid or a base. The buffer solution in itself contains an aqueous solution of acid or base with a mixture of its conjugate base or acid respectively.
Due to the composition, the pHs of buffer solutions do not change a great deal with the addition of a small quantity of acid or a small quantity of base.
Thus, if 10 mL of an acid solution is added to an unknown solution X whose pH is 7.3 and the pH of solution X remains unchanged from 7.3, then solution X would be a buffer solution.
More on buffers can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/3435382
#SPJ1
Mandell, Douglas and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Edition, Infectious Diseases, The Sandford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2000, Thirteenth Edition
The publication of a fifth edition of Mandell, Douglas and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, as well as the first edition of a new text, Infectious Diseases, and the thirteenth edition of the highly useful Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy.
Infectious DiseasesWhen hazardous organisms (pathogens) enter your body from the outside, it results in an infectious disease. Viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and occasionally prions are pathogens that cause infectious diseases. Through bug bites, contaminated food, drink, or soil, as well as from other individuals, you might contract contagious diseases. Worldwide, there are a lot of infectious diseases, although some are more prevalent than others. For instance, each year in the US, 1 in 5 people contract the flu, yet fewer than 300 people are found to have prion illnesses. However, some infectious diseases might have long-term effects. Many infectious diseases heal without any sequelae.
Learn more about infectious diseases here:
https://brainly.com/question/19580009
#SPJ4
What is the product of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis used for?
to synthesize glucose
to synthesize glucose
to absorb sunlight
to absorb sunlight
to generate ATP
to generate , A T P
to break down glucose
The product of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is used to generate ATP
The chloroplasts' thylakoid membrane experiences a light reaction. Both cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation is involved. During the photochemical phase of photosynthesis, photophosphorylation is the process of producing ATP from ADP and H3PO4 in the presence of light and chlorophyll-a.
ATP is created during cyclic photophosphorylation, and ATP and NADPH2 are produced during non-cyclic photophosphorylation. As water is photolyzed, oxygen is also created.
Therefore, ATP, NADPH2, and O2 are the byproducts of the light process.
By releasing its phosphate groups, the coenzyme ATP helps enzymes like ATP triphosphatase transmit energy to cells.
Therefore, ATP is frequently referred to as the "energy currency of the cell" by biologists. From a biological standpoint, ATP is made up of three parts.
To learn more about ATP please visit -
https://brainly.com/question/174043
#SPJ1
In a test-cross, an individual that exhibits a dominant trait but has an unknown genotype is mated with an individual that is homozygous recessive.
To assess if an organism expressing a dominant characteristic is homozygous or heterozygous, a test cross can be used.
Back crosses are made between F1 generation plants and any of the parent plants, whereas test cross is made between F1 generation plants with dominant phenotypes and the homozygous recessive parent.
The phenotypes of the children can be used to identify the unknown genotype. If combining the recessive phenotype individual with the unknown dominant phenotype (PP or Pp genotype) results in solely dominant phenotypes (no recessive), then the unknown individual is homozygous dominant.
No matter if you are examining one gene or several genes, test crosses work on the same principle: you are pairing a person with a dominant phenotype but an unknown genotype with a person who is homozygous recessive for all relevant genes.
To learn more about Test cross please visit - https://brainly.com/question/14438101
#SPJ4
Sort each daughter cell into the appropriate bin depending on which arrangement at metaphase I would create it.
During metaphase I, the homologous chromosomes are arranged in the center of the cell with the kinetochores facing opposite poles.
What is metaphase? Explain metaphase I.
After prophase, the mitotic cell division process moves on to metaphase. The alignment of the duplicated chromosomes at the metaphase plate, an equatorial plate, is what gives metaphase its name. By microtubules attached to its kinetochore, one of the sister chromatids is joined to one pole of the cell, and the other sister chromatid is associated with the other pole.
The homologous chromosomal pairs align on either side of the equatorial plate during metaphase I. The second stage of meiosis I is called metaphase I. The pairing off and DNA exchange between homologous chromosomes by homologous recombination and crossover at chiasma(ta) between non-sister chromatids are highlighted in prophase I, which comes after prophase I.
Learn more about Metaphase here:
https://brainly.com/question/9624015
#SPJ4
The marine biome _______. a. is a large ecosystem, but not larger than some terrestrial ecosystems b. is characterized by four different zones c. has little species diversity d. covers a small portion of the earth’s surface please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
Hello,
The marine biome is characterized by four different zones.
→ Answer B
Answer:
The answer is B- Is characterized by four different zones. :)
Explanation:
The effects of vibration loading on adipose stem cell number, viability and differentiation towards bone-forming cells
Mechanical stimulation has a significant impact on bone cell and precursor metabolism. BM or osteogenic medium (OM), which is BM augmented with 250 M ascorbic acid 2-phosphate, 5 nM dexamethasone, and 10 mM-glycerophosphate, were both used to cultivate human ASCs. The effects on attachment, viability, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization were examined after hASCs were stimulated with high frequency (50 and 100 Hz) and high magnitude (3 g) vibration for three hours each day for two weeks using a specially designed vibration loading device.
Without vibration, control cells were grown similarly. ASDWe hypothesized that vibration loading would stimulate bone-forming cell differentiation while inhibiting fat tissue differentiation in human adipose stem cells (hASCs). We created a vibration-loading device that delivers 3g of peak acceleration to cells cultured in well plates at frequencies of 50 and 100 Hz.
Vibration-loading device and principleof operation
controllable vibration-loading device, designed andbuilt at the Biomedical Engineering Department. A block diagram of the complete system is shown. An electromagnetic linear motionengine composed of a sound-producing Lab 12 subwoo-fer (Eminence Speaker LLC, KY, USA) was employedto produce the vibration loading. The unit was drivenby a microcontroller-based signal source that was pro-vided with a direct accelerometer feedback. TheADXL321 accelerometer. Analogue Devices was mounted on the same attachment systemas the cell culture plates. The modulatedsquare wave signal was amplified by a T.AMP E800audio amplifier to produce the desired g-force. Peak acceleration of3gwas achieved by adjusting the amplitude of theoutput signal, corresponding to the vertical displacement.
for more information please visite:
https://brainly.com/question/2315748
#SPJ4
Diets high in trans fatty acids tend to ______ levels of ldl in the blood.
Answer: Increase
Explanation: This is because trans fats increase LDL cholesterol and decrease HDL cholesterol, which can increase the risk of heart attack or stroke.
When carbohydrate supplies are depleted in cells, amino acids from proteins can enter aerobic respiration after ______ is removed from the amino acids and excreted.
When carbohydrate supplies are depleted in cells, amino acids from proteins can enter aerobic respiration after nitrogen is removed from the amino acids and excreted.
Before proteins from food can be utilized by your cells, your body must first break them down into amino acids.
Some amino acids will be broken down for energy through cellular respiration if there are more amino acids than the body requires or if cells are starved.
Amino acids must first have their amino group removed in order to enter cellular respiration.
As a waste product from this process, ammonia is produced. In mammals like humans, the ammonia is transformed to urea and eliminated from the body through urine.
Different amino acids enter the cellular respiration pathways at various stages after being deaminated.
Hence, when carbohydrate supplies are depleted in cells, amino acids from proteins can enter aerobic respiration after nitrogen is removed from the amino acids and excreted.
Learn more about Aerobic respiration here https://brainly.com/question/11691469
#SPJ1
According to the lock-and-key model, the active site of an enzyme has a/an ____________________ shape while the induced-fit model describes the active site as a/an_______________________ shape.
The lock and key model states that the active site of an enzyme has a Rigid shape while the induced fit model describes the active site as having a flexible shape.
According to the "lock and key" theory, an enzyme's active site precisely matches a particular substrate. According to the induced fit concept, an enzyme's active site will alter conformation when it binds a substrate to enhance the fit. The enzyme behaves as a lock in this concept, while the substrate acts as a key. Therefore, it states that only the proper key will fit in the active site of the enzyme. The active sites that are already existent have a rigid substrate form that only reacts with substrates that exactly fit inside of them.
Induced Fit Model: In this kind of model, the ultimate product of the enzyme is partially determined by its substrate, and enzymes are viewed as flexible.
Lock and Key claim that no modifications are required and that just a particular kind will fit. However, according to induced fit, the active site will alter to aid substrate fit.
To know more about lock and key and induced fit model refer to: https://brainly.com/question/16986651
#SPJ1
Strepsirrhines have a special trait resulting from the crowding of multiple lower incisors and canines called a Group of answer choices bilophodont. two-ridge tooth. diastema. tooth comb.
Correct answer-
Tooth comb- This is the correct answer because animals under Strepsirrhines have a unique feature in their teeth which is known as the tooth comb. Strepsirrhines are a suborder of animals, belonging to the class primates. The tooth comb forms as a result of crowding of multiple incisors and canines.
Incorrect answers-
bilophodont- This is incorrect because this type of teeth are characterized by the presence of two crests in their molars. These type of molars are found in monkeys that belong to the older generations of primates and are also found in rhinos, pigs and tapirs. two-ridge tooth- This is incorrect because this is not an unique feature of the Strepsirrhines. This kind of teeth are found in all humans and can be located in the pre-molars.diastema- This is incorrect because this is a gap between two teeth. This is also not an unique feature of Strepsirrhines. Tooth gap is also a common feature in humans.Learn more about tooth comb here-
https://brainly.com/question/14466647
#SPJ4
Which represents the cross between parent plants if one is heterozygous and has yellow-colored pods and the other is homozygous and has green-colored pods?
The cross between parent who is heterozygous and has yellow-colored pods and the other is h0mozygous and has green-colored pods is Yy x yy; option A.
What is a heterozygous cross?A heterozygous cross is a cross is a cross between one or two parents who have different copies of alleles of the same gene.
Assuming Y for yellow is dominant over y for green;
The cross between parent who is heterozygous and has yellow-colored pods and the other is h0mozygous and has green-colored pods is represented below:
Yy x yy = Yy, Yy, yy, yy
In conclusion, the offspring will be two heterozygous yellow-colored pods and two h0mozygous that has green-colored pods.
In conclusion, the offspring of the heterozygous and h0m0zygous parents will have yellow and green pods.
Note that the complete question is as follows:
Which represents the cross between parent plants if one is heterozygous and has yellow-colored pods and the other is hom0zygous and has green-colored pods?
Which represents the cross between parent plants if one is heterozygous and has yellow-colored pods and the other is hom0zygous and has green-colored pods?Yy ´ yy
Which represents the cross between parent plants if one is heterozygous and has yellow-colored pods and the other is hom0zygous and has green-colored pods?Yy ´ yyYY ´ yy
Which represents the cross between parent plants if one is heterozygous and has yellow-colored pods and the other is hom0zygous and has green-colored pods?Yy ´ yyYY ´ yyYy ´ Yy
yy ´ yy
Learn more about heterozygous traits at: https://brainly.com/question/1626661
#SPJ1
All athe following are present in membrane except globular proteins cholesterol traces of carbs phospholipids
Globular proteins are not present in the membrane.
What is the composition/structure of a cell membrane?The fluid mosaic model, which is the presently accepted explanation for the composition of the plasma membrane, was originally put forth in 1972. The plasma membrane is a mosaic of elements, primarily phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins, that move fluidly and freely in the plane of the membrane, according to the fluid mosaic model.
Lipids (such as phospholipids and cholesterol), proteins, and carbohydrate groups that are joined to some of the lipids and proteins make up the plasma membrane.
A phospholipid is a lipid composed of glycerol, two fatty acid tails, and a head group that is phosphate-linked. Phospholipid bilayers, two layers of phospholipids with their tails pointing inward, are a common component of biological membranes.In the center of the membrane, next to phospholipids, is cholesterol, a different lipid made up of four fused carbon rings.Membrane proteins can enter the plasma membrane only partially, cross it totally, or remain loosely connected to either the inside or outside face of the membrane.The outer layer of the plasma membrane contains carbohydrate groups, which are joined to lipids or proteins to form glycolipids or glycoproteins.Learn more about plasma membrane here:
https://brainly.com/question/14727404
#SPJ4
One of the many tests done during urodynamic studies is the sphincter electromyelogram. What does this test study
One of the many tests done during urodynamic studies is the sphincter electromyelogram. This test studies activity of the voluntary muscles of the perineal area.
Patients with urine incontinence or other symptoms of the lower urinary tract can be diagnosed with urodynamic testing. Both men and women take these examinations. Nerve and muscle function are measured by urodynamic testing.Clinically, perineal sphincter electromyography may be helpful in assessing individuals with bowel, urinary, and sexual dysfunction. All patients with a history and clinical examination that point to a central or peripheral sacral neuropathic lesion should be given this option. The pudendal nerve innervates the external sphincter (EAS), which is the best muscle for identifying neuropathic lesions in lower sacral myotomes.learn more about urodynamic studies here: https://brainly.com/question/10448206
#SPJ4
One of the many tests done during urodynamic studies is the sphincter electromyogram. This test studies the activity of the voluntary muscles of the perineal area.
ElectromyographyA method for analyzing and capturing the electrical activity generated by skeletal muscles is called electromyography (EMG). A record known as an electromyogram is created during an EMG using a device called an electromyograph.
SphincterA sphincter is a circular muscle that ordinarily keeps a bodily channel or orifice constricted and releases when necessary for normal physiological function. There are sphincters in many species.
What function does an EMG serve in the treatment of a striated sphincter?Urologists working in a lab with instruments for urodynamic examinations are suitable for helping with EMG of the urethral sphincter. The peripheral nervous system (PNS), central nervous system (CNS), or a mix of both may be damaged, leading to abnormalities of the striated sphincter.
Learn more about sphincter electromyography here:-
https://brainly.com/question/16011200
#SPJ1
The collection of organisms and their nonliving surroundings that functions as a unit is called:__________.
The collection of organisms and their nonliving surroundings that functions as a unit is called ecosystem. There are two kinds of ecosystem:
Aquatic ecosystems (ecosystems dependent on water) Terrestrial ecosystems are those found on land.Biomes are broad classifications of terrestrial ecosystems based chiefly on climate. Tropical rain forests, savannas, deserts, coniferous forests, and tundra are a few examples of nonliving surroundings in terrestrial biomes. According to the definition of an aquatic ecosystem, it is a water-based environment. Aquatic environments are of two types: marine ecosystems and freshwater ecosystems. The organisms included different fish species, crayfish, turtles and sharks etc.
To learn more about nonliving surroundings click here
brainly.com/question/20763081
#SPJ4
In pea plants, Round is dominant to Wrinkled and Yellow is dominant to green. If two pea plants that are both heterozygous for both traits are crossed, what is the chance (out of 16) of an offspring that is homozygous round and homozygous green?
A. 4
B. 1
C. 9
D. 3
Answer:
the answer is
Explanation:
More blood vessels are stimulated to ______ more than ______ because blood vessels contain more ______ receptors than ______ receptors.
More blood vessels are stimulated to vasoconstrict more than vasodilate because blood vessels contain more alpha receptors than beta receptors.
What is Vasoconstriction?
This is the process which involves the narrowing of the blood vessels through their muscle wall.
They contain more alpha receptors such as Alpha-adrenoceptor agonists than beta receptors which mimicks the effects of sympathetic adrenergic nerve activation to the blood vessels.
Read more about Vasoconstriction here https://brainly.com/question/13258282
#SPJ1
Heidi and gunther live with their biological parents. what type of family would this be called?
This type of family is called a nuclear family.
What is a family?A family is defined as the smallest unit of the society that is made up of individuals whom are related by blood, marriage or adoption.
There are different types of family which include the following:
Nuclear Families: This is made up of a father, a mother and their children.Single-Parent Families;Step Families.Grandparent Families:Childless Families:Extended Families:The importance of family include the following:
Family is the primary source of learning for children.Family provides the individual with moral support when necessary.A family gives us stability.A family makes us responsible for our duty.Family gives us some level of security in the society.Learn more about extended family here:
https://brainly.com/question/742392
#SPJ1
Because of its abundance in both arterial and venous systemic blood, ______ does not affect respiration until its blood levels get abnormally low.
Because of its abundance in both arterial and venous systemic blood, oxygen does not affect respiration until its blood levels get abnormally low.
What are hypoxia conditions?Hypoxia refers to the internal conditions where the number of oxygen molecules transported by the blood cell is abnormally low, which may trigger health problems.
Oxygen is a fundamental molecule obtained from gas exchange in the respiratory system which is required to carry out the metabolic process of cellular respiration in the cells.
In conclusion, because of its abundance in both arterial and venous systemic blood, oxygen does not affect respiration until its blood levels get abnormally low.
Learn more about hypoxia conditions here:
https://brainly.com/question/14562564
#SPJ1
In the United States today, life expectancy is: Group of answer choices the number of years that reflect competence in dealing with challenges. longer for men than for women. believed to be influenced by having an extra X chromosome 78.5 years overall
Believed to be influenced by having an extra X chromosome 78.5 years overall.
What is the life expectancy in the US 2020?Life expectancy at birth for the entire U.S. population was 77.8 years in the first half of 2020, down from 78.8 in 2019. (6). Male life expectancy at birth fell by 1.2 years from 76.3 years in 2019 to 75.1 years in the first half of 2020. Life expectancy in the United States decreased during 2020 as a result of the pandemic.
According to the researchers, the drop in U.S. life expectancy between 2019 and 2021 is the largest since 1943, which was the bloodiest year for Americans during World War II. The decrease in U.S. life expectancy was highly racialized, with Hispanic and Black populations experiencing the largest losses in life expectancy between 2019 and 2021.
Learn more about life expectancy here:
https://brainly.com/question/15815888
#SPJ4
Which nutrient transports, dissolves, and reacts with chemicals; provides lubrication and shock protection; and aids in temperature regulation?
Water is the nutrient that transports, dissolves, and reacts with chemicals; provides lubrication and shock protection; and aids in temperature regulation.
What is the importance of water?Water is a substance (of molecular formula H₂O) found at room temperature and pressure as a clear liquid.
It is present naturally as rain, and found in rivers, lakes and seas; its solid form is ice and its gaseous form is steam.
However, water is a major requirement by living organisms as it plays several pivotal roles in the body.
Water as a nutrient helps in the transportation dissolution and reaction with chemicals. It provides lubrication and shock protection; and aids in temperature regulation.
The water in the body has an important role as a thermoregulator, regulating the overall body temperature by helping dissipate heat. If the body becomes too hot, water is lost through sweat and the evaporation of this sweat from the skin surface removes heat from the body.
Learn more about water at: https://brainly.com/question/19920929
#SPJ1
Amy's teacher is explaining math concepts to the class. amy cannot help paying attention to the teacher's colorful sweater. in this example, amy is focusing on ______ stimuli.
Amy's teacher is explaining math concepts to the class. amy cannot help paying attention to the teacher's colorful sweater. in this example, amy is focusing on salient stimuli.
By giving visual stimuli attentional priority, visual information is selected, and this process can be managed in a variety of ways. When attentional selection reflects the observer's expectations and objectives, it is said to be top-down, and when it reflects the saliency of the stimuli, it is said to be bottom-up.
In this scenario prior to listening to the conceptual talk, attention is initially drawn to the prominent colour distractor. However, the salient element unintentionally drew attention to itself rather than the audio element.
To learn more about stimuli click here
brainly.com/question/26306069
#SPJ4
Identify the four phases in the life cycle of a cell and place the events in order, starting with events that occur immediately after the cell was born.
The four phases in the life cycle of a cell and place the events in order, starting with events that occur immediately after the cell was born are:
The first gap (G1)The synthesis (S)The second gap (G2)MWhat is a cell?A cell can be defined as simplest, basic, functional and structural unit of life
In conclusion, the four phases in the life cycle of a cell and place the events in order, starting with events that occur immediately after the cell was born are:
first gap (G1), synthesis (S) scond gap (G2) and M
Learn more about cells:
https://brainly.com/question/2622341
#SPJ1
The researcher in the virtual lab was using waste from a fish farm to provide nutrients for the algae. What was the algae going to be used for in order to reduce CO2 levels in the city?
The researcher in the virtual lab was using waste from a fish farm to provide nutrients for the algae. Algal growth utilizes carbon-di-oxide (CO₂) and converts it into useful byproducts thereby reducing CO₂ levels in the environment.
Feeding algae with the waste from the fish farm would enhance algal growth. Algae come under the group of organisms that are capable of performing photosynthesis.
Algae utilize CO₂ from the environment for photosynthesis and convert it into biomass and oxygen (O₂). This biomass produced can be used as an eco-friendly source of biofuel in the city.
Therefore, algae growth is utilized to trap CO₂ and replace it with O₂ in the environment.
Learn more about algal reduction of CO₂ here: -
brainly.com/question/18062642
#SPJ1
As they pass through small blood vessels, erythrocytes may pack together, single-file, like a roll of coins; this formation is called ______.
a rouleau (rouleaux)
What is a rouleau?
Red blood cells (RBCs) can stack up or aggregate into rouleaux (singular: rouleau), which are formed by the distinct discoid shape of vertebrate cells. The discoid RBCs' flat surface offers them a lot of surface area to cling to and make contact with, creating a rouleau. Because of them, the ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) increases when the plasma protein concentration is high. This serves as an all-purpose indicator of sickness.
Infections, multiple myeloma, Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, inflammatory and connective tissue disorders, and malignancies are among the illnesses that can result in rouleaux production. As one of the causes of microvascular occlusion in diabetic retinopathy, it also occurs in diabetes mellitus.
Learn more about RBCs here:
https://brainly.com/question/13733676
#SPJ4
______ formulated key principles of genetics before dna, genes, and chromosomes were discovered.
Gregor Mendel formulated key principles of genetics before DNA, genes, and chromosomes were discovered.
Mendel explained how features are passed down from one generation to the next and occasionally skip generations. Mendel created three laws of inheritance that characterised the transmission of genetic features through pea plant breeding before anybody knew genes even existed. Mendel's revelation significantly increased our understanding of how genes are passed down and inspired the creation of novel experimental techniques.
Mendel's laws, sometimes known as the laws of inheritance, are as follows:
Law of DominanceLaw of SegregationLaw of Independent AssortmentTo learn more about Mendel click here
brainly.com/question/3186121
#SPJ4
The ______ system assists the digestive system with the absorption of dietary fats.
The small intestine assists the digestive system with the absorption of dietary.
What is the digestive system?The digestive system simply refers to the system of the body that breaks nutrients into parts small enough for your body to absorb and use for energy, growth, and cell repair. In order words, digestive system helps in the digestion of food substances.
Small intestine is the upper part of the intestine, between the stomach and the large intestine, divided into;
duodenum,jejunum,ileum.Large intestine is the second to last part of the digestive system, comprising the
cecum and colon.So therefore, the small intestine assists the digestive system with the absorption of dietary
Learn more about the digestive system:
https://brainly.com/question/21470803
#SPJ1
Gelatin is a solid that can strengthen protein networks. How would yogurt that contains gelatin be different from yogurt that does not contain gelatin
Gelatin-containing yogurt has a thicker consistency than gelatin-free yogurt.
What is gelatin?Gelatin is a proteoglycan that is made from boiling tendons. Gelatin is used as a thickening agent. It is usually obtained from cows or pigs.
It is an animal protein substance having gel-forming properties, used primarily in food products and home cookery, and also has various industrial uses.
The hydrolysis of gelatin, an irreversibly hydrolyzed form of collagen, converts protein fibrils into smaller peptides, whose molecular weights can vary widely depending on the physical and chemical processes used for denaturation. Ice cream, dips, yogurt, most gummy candies, and gelatin desserts all include gelatin. Gelatin is available in powder, granules, and sheets for use in cooking. Some instant varieties can be put into the cuisine right away, while others need to soak in water first.
Learn more about gelatin here:
https://brainly.com/question/28045157
#SPJ4
I WILL MARK YOU BRAINLIEST PLS PLS
Answer:
a) is the correct option
Newly formed B cells which bind to autoantigens (self-antigens) will undergo apoptosis. This process is known as:
I Don't No if you have any questions
Why is anesthesia used while surgery? I what will happen if we don't give anesthesia before surgery ?
Answer:
Anesthesia is used because it puts people to sleep, so they don't feel pain.
If you don't use anesthesia the patient will feel the pain, but might also die.
Explanation:
hope it helps
sorry if I'm wrong
Answer:
It keeps you from feeling pain during the procedure, if anesthesia is not used on you while you're having surgery you will feel EVERYTHING, and you will not have the anesthesia's side effects! :)