In Community X (population 20,000), an epidemiologist conducted a prevalence survey in January of 2012 and reported an HIV prevalence of 2.2%. Over the next 12 months, the department of health reported an additional 50 new HIV cases between February 2012 and January 2013. The total population stayed constant at 20,000. Part 1 How many people had HIV in January 2012? Present or describe the formula you used to arrive at your answer. Calculate the incidence rate assuming no HIV-related deaths over the 12-month period. Present or describe the formula you used to arrive at your answer. Be sure to clearly indicate the numerator and denominator used in your calculation and include an appropriate label for the rate. In a summary of 200-250 words, interpret the results and discuss the relationship between incidence and prevalence. Discuss whether or not the epidemiologist should be concerned about these new HIV infections, assuming a previous incidence rate of 0.5 per 1,000 person-years prior to this updated risk assessment.

Answers

Answer 1

Based on the results of the study shown below, the epidemiologist has reason to worry because the incidence rate increased over four times the previous level as shown below:

number of HIV cases = 440 personsnew incidence rate = 2.25 per 1000 persons

What is prevalence and incidence rate?

Prevalence rate is the proportion of persons in a population who have a particular disease or attribute at a specified point in time or over a specified period of time.

Prevalence rate = number of cases/total population × 100%

Incidence rate is the proportion of new cases of a condition observed within a given period of time.

Incidence rate = number of new cases/population at risk × 1000population at risk = total population - previous cases

The number of people who had HIV in January 2012 is calculated as follows:

number of HIV cases = prevalence rate × total population

number of HIV cases = 2.2% × 20000

number of HIV cases = 440 persons

Incidence rate between February 2012 and January 2013 is calculated as follows:

Incidence rate = 50/(20000 - 440) × 1000

Incidence rate = 2.25 per 1000 persons.

Based on the new incidence rate, the epidemiologist has reason to worry because the incidence rate has increased over four times the previous level.

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Related Questions

Whats the difference between transcription and transcription?

Answers

The answer is that transcription is the act or process of transcribing while transcript is something which has been transcribed; a writing or composition consisting of the same words as the original; a written copy.
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template where the code in the DNA is converted into a complementary RNA code. Translation is the synthesis of a protein from an mRNA template where the code in the mRNA is converted into an amino acid sequence in a protein.

After placing a small rock in her mouth, a 7-month-old girl begins to choke. you are on scene within minutes and find her unresponsive in her mother’s arms. you attempt to provide ventilation with the bag-valve mask, but are unsuccessful. your next action would be to:________.
a) attempt ventilation with a pocket mask.
b) administer five chest thrusts.
c) provide five abdominal thrusts.
d) start cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation:

You would need to start cardiopulmonary resuscitation. I have first aid and cpr training so this is correct.

8. The fat we store in our bodies does many things for us EXCEPT: *

Protects your ograns.
keeps you warm.
Stores energy for later use.
Breaks down into proteins. HELPPPPP PLEASEEE

Answers

Answer:

fats cannot be broken down into proteins..that's not true

Answer:

The fats do not break down proteins,

Explanation:

They help us keep insulated, storage, and it protects any of the vital organs in our body.

The only thing it does not do is break down protein.

I hope this helps!

-No one

During eccentric muscle contraction, the muscle __________. a. gets longer as it contracts b. gets shorter as it contracts c. moves isometrically d. does not change length please select the best answer from the choices provided. a b c d

Answers

During eccentric muscle contraction, the muscle: A. gets longer as it contracts.

During eccentric muscle contraction, the muscle gets longer as it contracts.

What is muscle contraction?

Muscle contraction is the lengthening, shortening of the muscle due to activity.

Muscle contraction and relaxation help in movement.

There are two types of muscle contraction:

Isometric contractionIsotonic contraction

Muscle contraction occurs when myosin and actin filament goes apart from each other.

Thus, the correct option is a., which gets longer as it contracts.

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What is the period of time that elapses between the generation.

Answers

Answer:

The Latent Period

Explanation:

it is the time when the action potential reaches the muscle until tension can be observed in the muscle.

Describe the mechanisms by which epinephrine affects heart rate.

Answers

Answer:

In the heart, it increases the rate and force of contraction, thus increasing the output of blood and raising blood pressure

3 paragraphs about how you can prevent obesity

Answers

i can give you 3 ideas for the 3 paragraphs= 1) how working out is beneficial 2) stop eating junk food with additives 3) prevent bingeing

Mood swings __________ question 2 options: are a sign that something is wrong. do not lead to strong feelings. can always be controlled. are part of growing up.

Answers

Answer:

Mood swings are part of growing up.

Explanation:

Mood swings are a common symptom of puberty, this process can make someone who is going through puberty experience strong emotions.

Mood swings are part of growing up that is called puberty age and is caused by usually the hormonal behaviour.

During puberty, your toddler's feelings may also emerge as more potent and extra intense. Their temper may extrude extra frequently, quickly, and randomly. Your toddler may also have robust feelings that they have got by no means skilled before.When puberty begins, the frame begins off evolved generating intercourse hormones.

What are the hormones of puberty?

These hormones — estrogen and progesterone in ladies and testosterone in guys — are the reason for bodily modifications withinside the frame.

Thus it is clear that Mood swings are part of growing up.

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Through incisions in the skin at the base of the neck, Dr. Jones dissected the subclavian artery to create a bypass around a section of an artery. Using a synthetic graft, a subclavian-subclavian bypass graft was completed. The appropriate code to report this procedure is ____A)​ 35511.
B)​ 35612.
C)​ 35512.
D)​ 35616.

Answers

Either A. or B. … not sure let me know!

Which of the following is considered the most important skill in the workplace? question 2 options: effective communication knowledge of technology certification or licensures leadership strategies

Answers

Effective communication is considered the most important skill in the workplace.

What are communication skills?

Communication skills are the way of speaking to someone in a way that influences the other.

Communication skills are necessary everywhere.

If your communication skills are good, then people will admire your talks, and you can easily influence them to do as you want to.

Thus, the correct option is a., effective communication.

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What kind of mask should vaccinated people wear now?

Answers

Medical Mask

Better: N95

Hope this helped.
N95 would be best for everyone, unvaccinated or vaccinated. it’s the safest option, but a medical mask works fine as well. a cloth mask is the least affective. i personally use a medical mask, sometimes i double them up.

Which type of muscle controls our digestive system?.

Answers

Answer:

Smooth muscle

Explanation:

I don't know if this right, but I found this answer in different sources.

Hope this helps.

Smooth muscles control the digestive system

As of 2022, who has become the first person to get a heart transplant from a genetically-modified pig?.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:David Bennett Sr. had received a heart from a genetically modified pig, a procedure that may yet offer hope to millions of Americans needing transplants.

i need it today plss​

Answers

Answer:

you got headaches, high blood pressure, jaw clenchin, exhaustion, and dizziness

Explanation:

Select the correct answer.
To stop bleeding, you should apply firm pressure directly to the wound.
OA.
True
OB. False

Answers

Answer:

a. true

Explanation:

it helps stop the bleeding.

Answer:

a. true

Explanation:

yes you apply firm pressure

The most common source of water contamination is _______. a. sewage b. pesticides c. fertilizers d. none of the above please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d

Answers

The most common source of water contamination is: A. sewage.

How many units of blood does the average adult have.

Answers

Answer:

between 9 and 12 pints of blood or about 450 milliliters

Explanation:

when was health, population and environment education included as a compulsory subject in secondary level?​

Answers

Explanation:

as a compulsory

#Ihopethishelps

which are not healthy ways of managing stress select the two correct choices

Answers

Answer:

smoking and drinking just causes more stress in th elong run

Explanation:

Answer:

Emotional eating/ Using illegal drugs

When you participate in a cardio respiratory activity, you want your heart rate to stay elevated over an extended period of time.

Question 5 options:
True
False

Answers

It is true that when you participate in a cardio-respiratory activity, you want your heart rate to stay elevated over an extended period of time.

What is cardio-respiratory endurance?

Cardiorespiratory endurance is a physical activity that measures how well the heart, lungs, and muscles perform during moderate to high-intensity physical activity.

Cardiorespiratory fitness can be improved by conducting series of physical exercises like aerobic exercise.

Therefore, it is true that when you participate in a cardio-respiratory activity, you want your heart rate to stay elevated over an extended period of time.

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What is a health post? Why is it important? ​

Answers

Answer:

Mark me brainliest (⌒▽⌒)

Explanation:

The main purpose of health post is to provide basic health services to people who live in rural areas. Generally, one health post covers five VDCs. The chief of the health post is usually 'health assistant' or 'senior auxiliary health worker'.A health post is a healthcare centre that is similar to a clinic, and is common in villages in Nepal as they cannot afford to maintain a hospital.The sub-health post has also been providing counseling services to youths on a weekly basis. It has also been organising programmes to create awareness among locals and holding discussions with service seekers and local stakeholders to find ways for improvement and make the health service effective

A stronger allele that exhibits its trait even if it is present as a single copy is the blank allele

Answers

A stronger allele that exhibits its trait even if it is present as a single copy is a dominant allele.

What is a dominant allele?

An allele is a gene variant, whereas a dominant allele is a gene variant that is expressed in heterozygous individuals.

Complete dominance is a genetic pattern in which the dominant allele masks the recessive allele in heterozygous individuals.

An individual is heterozygous when it carries two different alleles of a given gene locus.

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who first labeled the four mental functions that were later used for the 16 personality types? ​

Answers

Hello it was “Carl Jung”
C. H king was the person that labeled the four mental functions

weights should be lifted lowered and slowly to _____ injury and maximize effectiveness.

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Most likely "to prevent injury".

The u. S. Public health service and the march of dimes recommend that all women of childbearing age should take a daily multivitamin and mineral supplement that contains.

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The U. S. Public health service and the march of dimes recommend that all women of childbearing age should take folic acid.

What is Folic acid?

This is a vitamin which is also known as Folate and it helps boost blood levels in the body.

It also helps in the production of DNA and helps prevent serious birth defects which us why it was recommended.

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How many people die due to viruses before vaccinations were invented

Answers

No possible answer, if the virus spreads very fast there are chances for millions to die.

Hope this helped.

The death rate from virus infection depends on the severity, location, and intensity of the virus affecting individuals. It can not be predicted easily.

What do you mean by Virus?

Viruses may be defined as microorganisms that can only replicate inside the living cells of an organism. They are infectious agents which are responsible for the spread of various infectious and deadly diseases.

Vaccination may be defined as the process used to stimulate the body's immune response against diseases. It is directly injected into the body of an individual.

Therefore, the number of deaths are impossible to calculate, as it depends on the severity, location, and intensity of the virus affecting individuals. Hence, it can not be predicted easily.

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Which of the following reasons is NOT correct about the importance of exercise?

A. It helps to maintain a healthy weight.
B. It increases distress levels.
C. It increases energy levels.
D. It improves overall health.

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

the answer is B because working out keeps you in shape, improves our health, and increases our energy by feeling good and getting us pumped up by our results.

cancel culture? Does it help us to hold people accountable for what they say and do? Does canceling people help us to change our society for the better? Describe your position on it.

Answers

No, it is toxic. You can hold people accountable without canceling them. Nowadays people will cancel anyone from anything.

As status asthmaticus worsens, the nurse would expect which acid-base imbalance?.

Answers

Answer:

PaCO2 and an increased pH

Explanation:

As status asthmaticus worsens, the nurse would expect which acid-base imbalance? As status asthmaticus worsens the PaCO2 and an increased pH. As status asthmaticus worsens, the PaCO2 increases and the pH decreases, reflecting respiratory acidosis.

Exaggerated or oversimplified beliefs about people who belong to a certain
group, race, ethnicity, gender, or other that can lead to prejudice and
discrimination is called: *

Racism

Stereotype

Diversity

Xenophobia

Answers

Answer:

Stereotype

Explanation:

Stereotypes are oversimplified generalizations about groups of people. Stereotypes can be based on race, ethnicity, age, gender, etc.

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