In order to send and receive packets in the Internet, hosts require an IP address. What are the 2 ways a host can obtain an IP address

Answer:

Explanation:

An IP address is a 32-bit number. It uniquely identifies a host (computer or other device, such as a printer or router) on a TCP/IP network.

IP addresses are normally expressed in dotted-decimal format, with four numbers separated by periods, such as 192.168.123.132. To understand how subnet masks are used to distinguish between hosts, networks, and subnetworks, examine an IP address in binary notation.

For example, the dotted-decimal IP address 192.168.123.132 is (in binary notation) the 32-bit number 110000000101000111101110000100. This number may be hard to make sense of, so divide it into four parts of eight binary digits.

These 8-bit sections are known as octets. The example IP address, then, becomes 11000000.10101000.01111011.10000100. This number only makes a little more sense, so for most uses, convert the binary address into dotted-decimal format (192.168.123.132). The decimal numbers separated by periods are the octets converted from binary to decimal notation.

For a TCP/IP wide area network (WAN) to work efficiently as a collection of networks, the routers that pass packets of data between networks don't know the exact location of a host for which a packet of information is destined. Routers only know what network the host is a member of and use information stored in their route table to determine how to get the packet to the destination host's network. After the packet is delivered to the destination's network, the packet is delivered to the appropriate host.

For this process to work, an IP address has two parts. The first part of an IP address is used as a network address, the last part as a host address. If you take the example 192.168.123.132 and divide it into these two parts, you get 192.168.123. Network .132 Host or 192.168.123.0 - network address. 0.0.0.132 - host address.

The second item, which is required for TCP/IP to work, is the subnet mask. The subnet mask is used by the TCP/IP protocol to determine whether a host is on the local subnet or on a remote network.

In TCP/IP, the parts of the IP address that are used as the network and host addresses aren't fixed. Unless you have more information, the network and host addresses above can't be determined. This information is supplied in another 32-bit number called a subnet mask. The subnet mask is 255.255.255.0 in this example. It isn't obvious what this number means unless you know 255 in binary notation equals 11111111. So, the subnet mask is 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000.

Lining up the IP address and the subnet mask together, the network, and host portions of the address can be separated:

11000000.10101000.01111011.10000100 - IP address (192.168.123.132)

11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 - Subnet mask (255.255.255.0)

The first 24 bits (the number of ones in the subnet mask) are identified as the network address. The last 8 bits (the number of remaining zeros in the subnet mask) are identified as the host address. It gives you the following addresses:

11000000.10101000.01111011.00000000 - Network address (192.168.123.0)

00000000.00000000.00000000.10000100 - Host address (000.000.000.132)

So now you know, for this example using a 255.255.255.0 subnet mask, that the network ID is 192.168.123.0, and the host address is 0.0.0.132. When a packet arrives on the 192.168.123.0 subnet (from the local subnet or a remote network), and it has a destination address of 192.168.123.132, your computer will receive it from the network and process it.

Almost all decimal subnet masks convert to binary numbers that are all ones on the left and all zeros on the right. Some other common subnet masks are:

Decimal Binary 255.255.255.192 1111111.11111111.1111111.11000000 255.255.255.224 1111111.11111111.1111111.11100000

Internet RFC 1878 (available from InterNIC-Public Information Regarding Internet Domain Name Registration Services) describes the valid subnets and subnet masks that can be used on TCP/IP networks.

Hope this helps!

50 free po.intssssssss!

The _______ is responsible for fetching program instructions, decoding each one, and performing the indicated sequence of operations.

What is the best data type for nationality field

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The main idea is always included in effective notes.
The main idea is always easy to identify.
The main idea is rarely used as a title for notes.
The main idea is rarely identified by listening or reading

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Kiểm tra cặp số hứa hôn
Đầu vào : số nguyên n,m
Đầu ra : in ra n,m là cặp số hứa hôn và in ra không là số hứa hôn nếu ngược lại

Tamanika got a raise in her hourly pay, from $15.90 to $17.65. Find the percent increase

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Which device can perform both input and output functions?

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The ______ Works on a single variable or constant. *​

WORTH 75 POINTS!!
Which best describes the video encoding process?

converting analog video into digital video

filming a video at 30 frames per second

saving a digital video in a specific file format

watching a video while the file downloads

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O Amacro can be used by only one person.
0 You must close all other programs to run a macro.
O The Word software does not work well with macros.
O Macros can carry viruses that can harm a computer.

1. Which of the following options can you use to format the contents of a cell?
Select all that apply.
a. Font Size
b. Sort
C. Italic
d. Underline

Which two are computing devices? (Choose two)
A. Unix
B. Laptop
C. Server
D. Mac OS

Find the error and rewrite the code with the error fixed.
// INSTANCE VARIABLE

public class Main {



public static void main(String[] args) {



Product prod1 = new Product();

prod1.Barcode = 123456;



Product prod2 = new Product();

prod2.Barcode = 987654;



System.out.println(prod1.Barcode);

System.out.println(prod2.Barcode);

}

}



public class Product {

public int Barcode;

}

You modified the GreenvilleRevenue program to include a number of methods. Now modify every data entry statement to use a TryParse() method to ensure that each piece of data is the correct type. Any invalid user entries should generate an appropriate message, and the user should be required to reenter the data.
using System;
using static System.Console;
class GreenvilleRevenue
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
const int fee = 25;
int lastYearsContestants;
int thisYearsContestants;
const int LOW = 0;
const int HIGH = 30;
int other = 0;
int dancer = 0;
int musician = 0;
int singer = 0;
WriteLine("**********************************");
WriteLine("* The stars shine in Greenville. *");
WriteLine("**********************************");
WriteLine("");
lastYearsContestants = getContestantsNum(message, LOW, HIGH);
string[] contestant = new string[thisYearsContestants];
string[] talent = new string[thisYearsContestants];
getContestantsInfo(contestant, talent);
for (int x = 0; x < talent.Length; ++x)
{
if (talent[x] == "O")
{
++other;
}
else if (talent[x] == "S")
{
++singer;
}
else if (talent[x] == "D")
{
++dancer;
}
else if (talent[x] == "M")
{
++musician;
}
}
Clear();
WriteLine("Currently signed up, there are..");
WriteLine("{0} dancers", dancer);
WriteLine("{0} singers", singer);
WriteLine("{0} musicians", musician);
WriteLine("{0} everything else!", other);
contestantByTalent(contestant, talent);
Clear();
contestantInfo(thisYearsContestants, lastYearsContestants, fee);
}
static int getContestantsNum(string message, int LOW, int HIGH)
{
WriteLine("Please enter the number of contestants for last year.>>");
string input = ReadLine();
int contestantsNum = Convert.ToInt32(input);
while (contestantsNum < LOW || contestantsNum > HIGH)
{
WriteLine("Valid numbers are 0 through 30, Please try again.>>");
contestantsNum = Convert.ToInt32(ReadLine());
}
return contestantsNum;
WriteLine("Please enter the number of contestants for this year.>>");
string input = ReadLine();
int contestantsNum = Convert.ToInt32(input);
while (contestantsNum < LOW || contestantsNum > HIGH)
{
WriteLine("Valid numbers are 0 through 30, Please try again.>>");
contestantsNum = Convert.ToInt32(ReadLine());
}
return contestantsNum;
}
static string getTalent(int contestantsNum)
{
bool correct = false;
string talentType = "";
while (!correct)
{
WriteLine("What is contestant " + contestantsNum + "'s skill? Please enter 'S' for Singer, 'D' for Dancer, 'M' for " +
"Musician, 'O' for Other.>>");
talentType = ReadLine().ToUpper();
if (talentType == "S" || talentType == "D" || talentType == "M" || talentType == "O")
{
correct = true;
}
else
{
WriteLine("Please enter a valid response.>>");
}
}
return talentType;
}
static void contestantByTalent(string[] contestant, string[] talent)
{
WriteLine ("To see a list of all contestants with a specific talent, Please enter a talent code.talent codes are(S)inger, (D)ancer, (M)usician, (O)ther; altenatively, you may type (E) to exit.>>");
string entry = ReadLine().ToUpper();
while (entry != "E")
{
if (entry != "S" && entry != "D" && entry != "M" && entry != "O")
{
WriteLine("That wasn't a valid talent code. Valid talent codes are (S)inger, (D)ancer, (M)usician, (O)ther; altenatively, you may type (E) to exit.>>");
entry = ReadLine().ToUpper();
if (entry == "E")
break;
}
for (int x = 0; x < talent.Length; ++x)
{
if (entry == talent[x])
WriteLine("Contestant " + contestant[x] + " talent " + talent[x]);
}
WriteLine("To see a list of all contestants with a specific talent, Please enter a talent code. talent codes are (S)inger, (D)ancer, (M)usician, (O)ther; altenatively, you may type (E) to exit.>>");
entry = ReadLine().ToUpper();
}
}
static void getContestantsInfo(string[] contestant, string[] talent)
{
for (int x = 0; x < contestant.Length; ++x)
{
WriteLine("What is the name for Contestant " + (x + 1) + "?");
contestant[x] = ReadLine();
talent[x] = getTalent(x + 1);
}
}
static void contestantInfo (int thisYearsContestants, int lastYearsContestants, int fee)
{
if (thisYearsContestants > lastYearsContestants * 2)
{
WriteLine("The competition is more than twice as big this year!");
WriteLine("The expected revenue for this year's competition is {0:C}", (thisYearsContestants * fee));
}
else
if (thisYearsContestants > lastYearsContestants && thisYearsContestants <= (lastYearsContestants * 2))
{
WriteLine("The competition is bigger than ever!");
WriteLine("The expected revenue for this year's competition is {0:C}", (thisYearsContestants * fee));
}
else
if (thisYearsContestants < lastYearsContestants)
{
WriteLine("A tighter race this year! Come out and cast your vote!");
WriteLine("The expected revenue for this year's competition is {0:C}.", (thisYearsContestants * fee));
}
}
}

Partially-filled Arrays
Write the function rindby() which stands for remove mark>if not divisiby by. The function removes all elements from the array that are not evenly divisible by the argument n. You can find out if a number is evenly divisible by n using the remainder operator: % (there will be nothing left over).
The function returns the number of items removed or -1 if the array was originally empty.
The function takes 3 arguments:
the array of int that may be modified.
the size of the array (use size_t as the type)
the int n used to check for divisibility
Here are two short examples:
int a[] = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
size_t size = 5;
int removed = rindby(a, size, 2);
// removed->2, a = [2, 4, 6], size = 3
size = 0;
removed = rindby(a, size, 3);
// removed-> -1, no change otherwise
In the first case, the numbers 3 and 5 are removed because they are not divisible by 2. Only the numbers that are divisible by 2 are left in the array.
In the second, size has been set to , so the input array is empty and the function returns - 1.
Exam C++ Quick Reference
p1.cpp
1 #include // size_t for sizes and indexes
2 using namespace std;
3
4 ////////////////WRITE YOUR FUNCTION BELOW THIS LINE ///////////////
5 int rindby(int all, size_t& size, int number)
6 {
7 int result;
8 // Add your code here
9 return result;
10 }
11