In the oceans on either side of the Isthmus of Panama are 30 species of snapping shrimp, 15 species on the Pacific side and 15 different species on the Atlantic side. Species live at different water depths. Morphological and genetic data show that Atlantic and Pacific species that live at similar depths are sister species. Geological evidence indicates that the Isthmus of Panama started rising about 10 million years ago and the oceans were completely separated by the isthmus about 3 million years ago. If the isthmus indeed formed gradually, which of the following patterns of genetic differences is most likely in these species pairs?
A) similar percentages of difference in DNA sequences between all pairs of sister species
B) greater percentage of difference in DNA sequences between sister species that inhabit deep water than between sister species that inhabit shallow water
C) greater percentage of difference in DNA sequences between sister species that inhabit shallow water than between sister species that inhabit deep water
D) greater percentage of difference in DNA sequences among Atlantic species than among Pacific species

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

B) greater percentage of difference in DNA sequences between sister species that inhabit deep water than between sister species that inhabit shallow water

Explanation:

The isthmus formed gradually. About 10 million years ago, the isthmus began to separate the waters from the bottom, and snapping shrimp individuals inhabiting the deepness were separated for the first time. Since their separation, both groups evolved according to their new environment and the pressures acting on them. They started to gradually differentiate from each other, probably suffering many mutations through the years.

About 3 million years ago, the oceans were completely separated by the isthmus, meaning that those animals inhabiting the shallowest areas were the last ones to separate from each other on each side of the isthmus. Since then, they probably also suffered many mutations that drove them to differentiation.  

However, as animals inhabiting the shallowest areas were the last ones to separate and, considering the time-lapse between both divergences, the highest degree of genetic difference is expressed by the sister groups inhabiting the deepest areas. Being separated from each other for a much longer time than shallow animals gave them more time to suffer more mutations and differentiate more.

Answer 2

The sister species at the depth of the ocean possesses a greater difference as compared to the sister species in shallow regions. Thus, option B is correct.

Evolution is the process of inheritable changes in the species with natural selection. The species in the close generation have a higher level of similarity in the traits.

What is the relation between the sister species?

The sister species are the ones with the similarity in the traits. Thus, have the same ancestors and exhibit a greater percentage of trait similarity.

Atlantic and Pacific species are sister species and have similarities in the DNA sequence.

The isthmus separation is formed later in the ocean. The species present at the deeper range are older and are evolved. The species in the shallow region have less evolution as they are separated later.

Thus, the sister species at the depth of the ocean possesses a greater difference as compared to the sister species in shallow regions. Thus, option B is correct.

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Related Questions

What practice helps scientists avoid bias in their findings

Answers

To conduct a scientific investigation without bias, you would need to select a random sampling of people and set up preliminary guidelines.

The mutations responsible for the dark fur color in the Arizona mice were absent from the three different populations of New Mexico mice. No Mc1r mutationswere associated with dark fur color in the New Mexico populations. These findings suggest that adaptive dark coloration has occurred at least twice in the rock pocket mouse and that these similar phenotypic changeshave different genetic bases. How does this study support the concept that natural selection is not random

Answers

Answer:

Following are the solution to the given question:

Explanation:

Please find the complete question in the attached file:

In the given question, the whole study reinforces the fact which natural selection also isn't transformed through producing much more confirmation which genetic polymorphisms occur because once required as well as that they can produce the very same mutation as a function of climate transformation except in specific environments.

PLEASE HELP ME PLEASEE!

Answers

2 is crescent and 4 is gibbous

Which sex would you expect to be the choosiest?

Answers

Answer:

Feamles but it depends what they're choosing from

Explanation:

I don’t really get the question so I’m guessing you’re saying which gender is the pickiest in terms of looks wise. I would say guys because most of them look at physical appearance and overall is very choosy for everything. And no not all are like that they’re girls like that too

These are carbohydrates -rich vegetables EXCEPT
a. Tubers
b. nuts
c. seeds
d.roots​

Answers

The answer is a. Tubers
roots - “they are so high in carbohydrates that they are more like grains than greens” :)

Please Help!!!!
Muscles intended for large, powerful contractions contain llx muscle fibers. true or false​

Answers

Answer:

True

Explanation:

Been learning and know

A scientist is observing a new species of organism. She observes that from generation to generation many of the organisms’ offspring have adaptations that their parents did not have. This organism is most likely reproducing through_______.

a. sexual reproduction
b. budding
c. asexual reproduction
d. binary fission

Answers

A sexual reproduction took the quiz fwm on insta chasedowndee400

In which direction is heat transferred?

Answers

thermal energy or heat  naturally flows in one direction only: from hot toward cold. Heat moves naturally by any of three means.

hope it helps.

Emilia Burton is an 18-year-old high school student who began to experience weight loss despite a ravenous appetite and resulting increased dietary intake. She has to make frequent trips to the bathroom to urinate and has difficulty concentrating on her work because of fatigue. She drinks large volumes of coffee to help with a constant dry mouth and to combat her fatigue. At a clinic appointment, it was noted that her weight has dropped from 140 lb to 128 Ib.
a) What is the probable diagnosis of this patient? What information from the above scenario would support your diagnosis?
b) What laboratory test(s) should be performed? Which result(s) would support your diagnosis? What immediate and long-term therapy will Emilia need to manage her disorder?
c) Emilia should be aware of the potential acute and long- term complications of her condition. What are they?

Answers

Answer:

A) The diagnosis is Diabetes mellitus which is based on the given symptoms that are weight loss, dry skin, fatigue, profuse urination, ravenous hunger all confirm diabetes.

B) Test for confirmation of diabetes Mellitus are-

Fasting plasma glucose test

Postprandial glucose test

Random plasma glucose test.

A1C test

If the test shows higher blood glucose it confirms the diagnosis

Immediate Treatment:-

Medication

Long term treatment:

Exercise controls the blood sugar

Diet should be healthy and should avoid high glucose options.

C) Acute and long term complications:-

Diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic foot

Diabetic neuropathy

Coronary heart disease

Kidney damage

Cerebrovascular disease.


The diagram below represents a sample of a sedimentary rock viewed under a
microscope. Which part was formed first?

Answers

What diagram?????????

which are characteristics of epithelial cells? Select two options.( Answer Needed ASAP)​

Answers

Answer:

found lining many areas that contact the external environment

plays a role in protection

Explanation:

Explanation: Epithelial tissue is composed of cells laid together in sheets with the cells tightly connected to one another. Epithelial layers are avascular, but innervated. Epithelial cells have two surfaces that differ in both structure and function.

The normal real behavior of a person or an animal can be
understood by naturalistic observation.
Select one:
True
False​

Answers

True

The normal real behavior of a person or an animal can be

understood by naturalistic observation.

Cellular Respiration and Energy

Answers

Answer:

answers answers answers

Explanation:

1. carbohydrate

2.store energy

3.chemical energy

4. food

5. glucose

6. cellular respiration

7. ATP

pls help will give brainliest

Answers

From left to right: Photosynthesis , Respiration

Answer:

The first one is Photosythesis and the second one is Respiration

Explanation:

Which of the following is not a function of the bacterial cell wall?

A. Provide the cell with shape and rigidity
B. Prevent the cell from lysing
C. Protect the cell
D. Provide the cell with locomotion

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation:

I believe locomotion would be the job of the flagellum

The correct option that is not a function of the bacterial cell wall is : ( D ) Provide the cell with locomotion

The Bacterial cell wall acts mainly as a protective cover to the cell of the bacterium, protecting the cell from lysing ( preventing the breakdown of the cell via osmotic pressure ). The cell wall also provides the cell with shape a and rigidity.

While The locomotion of the cell is not the responsibility of the cell wall but it is made possible by the flagellum.

Hence the non - function of a bacterial cell wall is providing the cell with locomotion.

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19. Fresh poultry should be rejected when:

A. It has been shipped in plastic wrap
B. It is slightly sticky to the touch
C. There is no discoloration
D. The receiving temperature is 38°F

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Fresh poultry should be rejected when the receiving temperature is 38°F. Therefore, option (D) is correct.

Poultry must be stored and transported at or below 40°F to guarantee food safety and inhibit the proliferation of harmful bacteria. Exposure to unsafe temperatures during storage or transportation can increase the risk of bacterial contamination and foodborne illness if the receiving temperature exceeds the threshold.

Indicators like plastic wrap during shipment, slight stickiness, or lack of discoloration do not necessarily imply safety concerns or spoilage with fresh poultry, as mentioned in the other options.

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What are Purkinje fibers?
special valves that relay electrical impulses to
the ventricles, which cause contraction
special fibers that relay electrical impulses to
the atriums, which cause emptying
special valves that relay blood to the
ventricles, which cause contraction
special fibers that relay electrical impulses to
the ventricles, which cause contraction
DO NE

Answers

Answer: It's D aka Special fibers that relay electrical impulses to the ventricles, which cause contraction.

Explanation:

which is false?

- digestion begins in the mouth
- The small intestine digest carbohydrates
- The large intestine absorbs amino acids
- the stomach involves mechanical digestion

Answers

Answer:

false...................

Answer:

The large intestine absorbs amino acids

What factor causes global wind patterns

Answers

Answer:

the Coriolis effect

Explanation:

the earths rotation causes wind also known as the coriolis effect

Answer:

unequal heating of Earth's surface by the Sun

Explanation:

Introspection is one of the many sleeping disorders experienced
by people with sleep apnea.
Select one:
True
False​

Answers

Answer:

The statement is false.

Explanation:

Sleep apnea is a respiratory disease characterized by the fact that people who suffer from it habitually snore, have repeated stops of breathing (apneas) and drowsiness during the day. As a consequence, patients who suffer from it cannot rest well during the hours of sleep.The obstruction of breathing causes a decrease in oxygen levels in the body, the persistence of this lack of oxygen could cause pulmonary hypertension and a future right-sided heart failure or myocarditis. Introspection, on the other hand, is the immediate reflective capacity of the human mind to know its own states; it is not associated with sleep apnea.

Which of the following events occurs in DNA replication in prokaryotes?
a. Replication starts from a single point and proceeds in two directions until the entire chromosome is copied.
b. Replication starts from multiple points and proceeds in two directions until the entire chromosome is copied.
c. Regulatory proteins bind to all of the nucleotides on the DNA molecule.
d. Enzymes “unzip” the DNA molecule by breaking ionic bonds between base pairs.

Answers

Answer:

a. Replication starts from a single point and proceeds in two directions until the entire chromosome is copied.

Explanation:

Hope this helps

Answer:

a. Replication starts from a single point and proceeds in two directions until the entire chromosome is copied.

Explanation:

Because it is the "Correct Answer"

Select all that apply.
Which of the following are true about a block of ice at -10°C as you continue to apply heat.


Its temperature will rise continuously until it completely melts.
Its temperature wil rise until reaching o°C.

Its temperature will not rise above -10°C until it melts. Its

temperature will remain at 0 G until all the ice melts.​

Answers

I temperature will continually rise until it melts assuming you do not stop applying heat to the ice. It doesn’t really matter at what temp below freezing you start as long as you go above freezing the ice will melt.


4. Calculate the kinetic energy of a Hollywood star running from the paparazzi. The star's mass is 45.0 kg, and the star is running at
a velocity of 3.00 m/s.
a) 203 J
b) 303.75 J
c) 405 J
d) 67.5 J

Answers

Answer:

i do not know

Explanation:

Answer:

A

Explanation:

=122

How Green Plants Make Food
(a) ______ from the sun, (b) ______, the green coloring in the leaf of the plants combine with (c) _________ from the soil and (d) _________from the air to produce (e) ________ in the leaf. The air that enters the leaf contains carbon dioxide and oxygen. But the leaf needs only the carbon dioxide. Thus, (f) _________is given off as waste product.​

Answers

Answer:

BRUU HELP IT SAYING I NEED BRAINLY PLUS

A cluster of cases of legionellosis have occurred in your neighborhood. People with the illness have cough, fever, shortness of breath, chest pain and sometimes diarrhea. The illness is caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila, a facultative intracellular parasite that survives in certain ameba. The organism has an absolute requirement for L-cysteine. Typically, the organism is grown on buffered charcoal yeast extract (BCYE) agar. In some labs, samples containing suspected L. pneumophila are cultured on traditional BCYE medium as well as BCYE medium lacking L-cysteine. How would L. pneumohila be identified in this situation

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is - comparing the presence of an essential component of the L. pneumophila that is cysteine.

Explanation:

As we know that L-cysteine is essential for the organism L. pneumophila to grow its colonies. The identification is easy in this situation by comparing the two cultured on the traditional BCYE medium and BCYE medicum without L-cysteine.

Colonies that grow on traditional BYCE medium are likely L. pneumophila as they required L-cysteine but not on BYCE medium lacking cysteine.

A scientist runs an SDS-PAGE experiment two separate times on a protein with a molecular weight of 200 kD. For the first experiment he treats the protein with SDS only and for the second experiment he treats the protein with both SDS and a reducing agent. If the first gel yields one band showing a molecular weight of 200 kD and the second run yields one band showing a molecular weight of 25 kD, the researcher should conclude that

Answers

Answer:

This protein consists of 8 subunits of equal size linked by disulfide bonds

Explanation:

The sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAGE) is a technique widely used in molecular biology laboratories to separate proteins with molecular weights between 5 and 250 kDa. SDS is an anionic detergent used to denature proteins before electrophoresis. SDS can denature proteins by altering non-covalent bonds such as hydrogen, hydrophobic and ionic interactions, but they cannot cleave disulfide bonds. In this case, reducing agents (e.g.,  β-mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol) have been used to cleave disulfide bonds.

Write one scientific question about the organism in
the photo. Sunflowers

Answers

Answer:

how do sunflowers disperse their seeds

Explanation:

3. Microphages are a type of white blood cells and part of the immune system's response to defend the body against viruses. What do microphages do?​

Answers

Macrophages are specialised cells involved in the detection, phagocytosis and destruction of bacteria and other harmful organisms. In addition, they can also present antigens to T cells and initiate inflammation by releasing molecules (known as cytokines) that activate other cells.

The diagram below shows the crossing of a tall plant in a short plant tall is dominant which of the genotypes of the parents plants

Answers

We need the picture of the diagram to answer this question

How do bacteria multiply again? Use the key terms genetic information, DNA, split in two, and exponential growth.

Answers

Answer:

Bacteria are asexual. This means that they are not like us, as they do not need a partner to multiply. A bacterium can become two bacteria all by itself. Then those two bacteria can each multiply again on their own and so, they become four bacteria.

Explanation:

Hope this helped Mark BRAINLEST!!!

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