Answer:
Hopefully I understood the question correctly. Below is the affect on
assets-liabilities= owners equity
Explanation:
A. Increases assets, increases liabilty
b. Increases assets, decreases assets (a wash for assets)
c. Decreases owners equity, decreases assets
d. Increases owners equity, increases assets
e. Increases owners equity, increases assets
Develop a production plan and calculate the annual cost for a firm whose demand forecast is fall, 10,000; winter, 8,000; spring, 7,000; summer, 12,000. Inventory at the beginning of fall is 500 units.
Answer: Hello your question is incomplete attached below is the complete question
answer :
production plan ( attached below )
Total annual cost = $416,600
Explanation:
Given data of the question:
Demand forecast
Fall = 10,000 , winter = 8,000 , spring = 7,000, summer = 12,000 .
Number of workers = 30, Cost of hiring = $100,
The beginning inventory = 500, Laying cost = $200,
Inventory holding cost = $5/unit, backorder cost = $10/unit, Straight time cost = $5/hr , Overtime cost = $8/hour, productivity = 0.5 unit/worker hours
season days = 6
number of units produced by a(1) worker in 1 season = 0.5 * 8 * 60 = 240unit
∴ number of units produced by 30 workers = 240 * 6 = 7200 units
use the given data to develop a production plan using excel worksheet.
Production plan of firm ( attached below )
Total Annual cost =SUM( G12:G17 ) = ( 2000 + 4000 + 2000 + 23000 + 336,000 + 49600 ) = $416,600
which of the following constitutes an implicit cost to company A
A. property taxes
B. Payments of wages to its office workers
C. raw material costs paid by company A to the supplier B
D. value of the land owned by the company A
Answer:
Implicit cost to company A is:
D. value of the land owned by the company A
Explanation:
Implicit costs to company A will refer to the cost of resources already owned by the firm, which the company could have put to some other use. A good example is the value of the land owned by the company. This land could be put to another use, yielding some rent. It could also be sold outright. Its cost becomes implicit when the company uses it in its business. The land is not being held for sale.
Kubin Company’s relevant range of production is 30,000 to 35,000 units. When it produces and sells 32,500 units, its average costs per unit are as follows: Average Cost per Unit Direct materials $ 9.00 Direct labor $ 6.00 Variable manufacturing overhead $ 3.50 Fixed manufacturing overhead $ 7.00 Fixed selling expense $ 5.50 Fixed administrative expense $ 4.50 Sales commissions $ 3.00 Variable administrative expense $ 2.50 Required: 1. For financial accounting purposes, what is the total amount of product costs incurred to make 32,500 units? 2. For financial accounting purposes, what is the total amount of period costs incurred to sell 32,500 units? 3. For financial accounting purposes, what is the total amount of product costs incurred to make 35,000 units? 4. For financial accounting purposes, what is the total amount of period costs incurred to sell 30,000 units? (For all requirements, do not round intermediate calculations.)
Answer:
Kubin Company
1. Total amount of product costs incurred to make 32,500 units:
= $846,250
2. The total amount of period costs incurred to sell 32,500 units:
= $290,000
3. The total amount of products costs incurred to make 35,000 units:
= $892,500
4. The total amount of period costs incurred to sell 30,000 units:
= $282,500
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Relevant production range = 30,000 to 35,000 units
Actual production and sales = 32,500 units
Average Costs per Unit:
Direct materials $ 9.00
Direct labor $ 6.00
Variable manufacturing overhead $ 3.50
Fixed manufacturing overhead $ 7.00 $25.50
Fixed selling expense $ 5.50
Fixed administrative expense $ 4.50
Sales commissions $ 3.00
Variable administrative expense $ 2.50
1. Total amount of product costs incurred to make 32,500 units:
Direct materials $ 9.00
Direct labor $ 6.00
Variable manufacturing overhead $ 3.50
Fixed manufacturing overhead $ 7.00
Total product cost per unit $25.50
Total product costs:
Variable costs = $601,250 ($18.50 * 32,500)
Fixed costs = 245,000 ($7.00 * 35,000)
Total product = $846,250
2. The total amount of period costs incurred to sell 32,500 units:
Fixed selling expense $ 5.50 * 35,000 = $192,500
Sales commissions $ 3.00 * 32,500 = 97,500
Total period costs = $290,000
3. The total amount of products costs incurred to make 35,000 units:
= $892,500 (35,000 * $25.50)
4. The total amount of period costs incurred to sell 30,000 units:
Fixed selling expense $ 5.50 * 35,000 = $192,500
Sales commissions $ 3.00 * 30,000 = 90,000
Total period costs = $282,500
An investment that costs $28,000 will produce annual cash flows of $5,600 for a period of 6 years. Further, the investment has an expected salvage value of $3,300. Given a desired rate of return of 10%, what will the investment generate?
Answer:
-1764
Explanation:
Given the cost of investment = $28000
Annual cash flow = $5600
Time period = 6 years
Salvage value = $3300
Interest rate = 10%
Net gain from the investment and its present value = Annuity (P/A, r, n) + Salvage value (P/F, r, n) - investment
= 5600 (P/A, 10%, 6) + 3300 (P/F, 10%, 6) - 28000
= 5600 x 4.355 + 3300 x 0.56 - 28000
= -1764
An investor prefers to invest in companies that have high operating leverage. How can this be accomplished if the investor also requires a portfolio beta of 1.0?
A. Invest 50% in cyclical stocks and 50% in firms with high operating leverage
B. Invest 50% in a market index fund and 50% in firms with high operating leverage
C. Finance part of the portfolio with borrowing
D. Invest a portion of the portfolio in U.S. Treasury securities
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Systemic risk are risk that are inherent in the economy. They cannot be diversified away. They are also known as market risk. examples of this risk include recession, inflation, and high interest rates. Investors should seek compensation for systemic risk. Systemic risk is measured by beta. The higher beta is, the higher the systemic risk and the higher the compensation demanded for by investors
Market index fund is riskless and would have a beta of 1
by investing half in a riskless and half in a risky asset. beta would be equal to 1
You have just deposited $9,000 into an account that promises to pay you an annual interest rate of 6.1 percent each year for the next 7 years. You will leave the money invested in the account and 15 years from today, you need to have $25,650 in the account. What annual interest rate must you earn over the last 8 years to accomplish this goal
Answer:
Annual interest rate = 8.23%
Explanation:
The annual interest rate i must have earn over the last 8 years to accomplish this goal is:
= ((25650/(9000*(1+6.1%)^7))^(1/8))-1
= ((25650/(9000*1.513588))^(1/8)) - 1
= ((25650/13622.29)^(1/8) - 1
= 1.882943323038931^(1/8) - 1
= 1.08231743862 - 1
= 0.08231743862
= 8.231743862%
= 8.23%
Based on your understanding of the involvement of investment banks in an IPO, complete the following statements. If the investment bank guarantees the sale of the securities, the issue is___________ . The investment bank must pay the issuing firm within ________days of the official start of the offering. If more than one stock offering investment bank is involved in the IPO, the deal is referred to as ___________stock offering.
After the SEC approves the registration statement for the IPO, the biggest responsibility for the issuing company and the investment bank becomes ensuring that the determined number of securities is sold and the firm is able to raise the intended amount. The IPO team-including the investment bankers, senior management team, lawyers, and investor relations team-conducts various activities. Which of the following statements are true about the activities involved in the IPO process?
a. The investment banker estimates the potential demand for the securities by recording the number of shares that each investor is willing to buy. This is called book-building.
b. The IPO team goes on a roadshow, making presentations to institutional investors selected by the underwriter.
c. If investors are willing to purchase more shares than are available, the IPO is considered to be oversubscribed.
d. During the roadshow, the IPO team can divulge additional information to institutional investors that is not given in the registration statement to lure the institutional investors.
Answer:
a. If the investment bank guarantees the sale of the securities, the issue is underwritten. The investment bank must pay the issuing firm within 4 days of the official start of the offering. If more than one stock offering investment bank is involved in the IPO, the deal is referred to as underwriter syndicate stock offering.
b. True Statements.
a. The investment banker estimates the potential demand for the securities by recording the number of shares that each investor is willing to buy. This is called book-building.
b. The IPO team goes on a roadshow, making presentations to institutional investors selected by the underwriter.
c. If investors are willing to purchase more shares than are available, the IPO is considered to be oversubscribed.
Book building is a process that allows investment banks to estimate the potential demand for the shares by finding out the number of shares that investors are willing to buy.
They do this after going on a roadshow where they essentially advertise the IPO to institutional investors. If these investors are willing to buy more shares that is available, they are oversubscribing.
Preparing Journal Entries for Process Costing SystemDuring its first month of operation, Portia Company purchased $90,000 of materials on account and requisitioned $64,000 of materials for use in production. The company recorded $30,000 of direct labor cost and applied $20,000 of manufacturing overhead. Prepare Portia’s journal entries to record these events.
Answer:
a.
Date Account Title Debit Credit
XX-XX-XXXX Raw materials inventory $90,000
Accounts Payable $90,000
b.
Date Account Title Debit Credit
XX-XX-XXXX Work in Process Inventory $64,000
Raw materials inventory $64,000
c.
Date Account Title Debit Credit
XX-XX-XXXX Work in Process inventory $30,000
Wages Payable $30,000
d.
Date Account Title Debit Credit
XX-XX-XXXX Work in Process Inventory $20,000
Manufacturing overhead $20,000
Consider the case of a good with external benefits. If you plant trees in front of your house, the neighborhood is more attractive, and trees create shade, provide oxygen, and a home for birds and squirrels. Thus, the benefits to society are greater than the benefits to you. If the planting of trees is a private choice, you will plant too few trees relative to the socially optimal quantity, because the private value to you is less than the social value.
1. Which of the following would not help to correct this problem?
a. Subsidize consumer purchases of trees to plant.
b. Tax homeowners who plant trees.
c. Subsidize nurseries that sell trees for planting.
d. Have the government provide trees to homeowners.
e. All of the above would help to correct the problem.
2. If the government pays for a program to increase the planting of trees, who will win and lose from the program?
Answer:
1. b. Tax homeowners who plant trees.
2. Win - society and consumer
Loose - tax payers and producers.
Explanation:
1. a). If the good creates a positive externalities, then the [tex]\text{private benefits from the good are less than the social benefits}[/tex] from the good.
In the context, the following would not help to correct the problem :
Taxing the homeowners who plant the trees.
If the government taxes or takes some money form the people or the house owners who plant trees in their neighborhood will discourage the people to plant the trees and would not help in correcting the problem.
2. If the government pays for the program that helps to increase the planting the trees, then,
the one who will win from this program is : society and the consumers
the one who will loose : tax payers and the producers as the government would impose more tax in order to fuel the project.
XYZ uses a single plantwide predetermined overhead rate based on MHs. It estimated the following data:
Total MHs 40,000
Total fixed MOH cost $ 344,000
Variable MOH per MH $ 3.90
Recently, Job M759 was completed. It required 60 MHs. The overhead applied to Job M759 is closest to:______ (Round your intermediate calculations to 2 decimal places.)
a. $516
b. $234
c. $750
d. $984
Answer:
See below
Explanation:
Given the above information, the overhead applied to job M759 is computed as;
= Variable MOH per MH × Required MH
Given that:
Variable MOH per MH = $3.90
MH = 60 MHs
Hence,
Overhead applied to job M759
= $3.90 × 60
= $234
Why do you think demand analysis is essential for businesses?
✦ ✦ ✦ Beep Boop - Blu Bot! At Your Service! Scanning Question . . .
Code: Green! Letters and Variables Received! ✦ ✦ ✦
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Question: Why do you think demand analysis is essential for businesses?
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Answer: Demand analysis is the process of understanding the customer demand for a product or service in a target market. Companies use demand analysis techniques to determine if they can successfully enter a market and generate expected profits to expand their business operations. It also gives a better understanding of the high-demand markets for the company’s offerings, using which businesses can determine the viability of investing in each of these markets. The importance of demand analysis in the business decision is that it helps firms design their pricing policy. The Firm can choose either to lower or raise a product’s price by observing the trend of consumer demand for that product. Producers can’t fix the price for their products without first understanding the market demand for them. These are reasons why I think demand analysis is essential for businesses
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George Company has the opportunity to purchase an asset that costs $40,000. The asset is expected to increase net income by $10,000 per year. Depreciation expense will be $5,000 per year. Based on this information the payback period is:
Answer:
2 years 8 months.
Explanation:
The payback period is the length of time that it takes for the future cash flows to equal the amount of initial investment.
We use cashflows instead of net income in payback calculation. Therefore, add back the depreciation expense.
Yearly Cash flow will thus be $15,000 ($10,000 + $5,000)
Payback Period :
$40,000 = $15,000 (Year 1) + $15,000 (Year 2 )+ $10,000/$15,000 x 12 (Year 3)
This gives a payback period of 2 years 8 months
The following information was taken from Charu Company's balance sheet: Fixed assets (net) $860,000 Long-term liabilities 200,000 Total liabilities 600,000 Total stockholders’ equity 250,000 Determine the company's (a) ratio of fixed assets to long-term liabilities and (b) ratio of liabilities to stockholders' equity. If required, round your answers to one decimal place. a. Ratio of fixed assets to long-term liabilities fill in the blank 1 b. Ratio of liabilities to stockholders' equity
Answer:
A. 4.3
B. 2.4
Explanation:
(a) Calculation to determine ratio of fixed assets to long-term liabilities
Using this formula
Ratio of fixed assets to long-term liabilities =Fixed assets (net)/Long-term liabilities
Let plug in the formula
Ratio of fixed assets to long-term liabilities= $860,000 /$200,000
Ratio of fixed assets to long-term liabilities=4.3
Therefore Ratio of fixed assets to long-term liabilities is 4.3
(b) Calculation to determine ratio of liabilities to stockholders' equity
Using this formula
Ratio of liabilities to stockholders' equity=Liabilities/Total stockholders’ equity
Let plug in the formula
Ratio of liabilities to stockholders' equity=$600,000 /$250,000
Ratio of liabilities to stockholders' equity=2.4
Therefore ratio of liabilities to stockholders' equity is 2.4
Mayer Instrumentation sold a depreciable asset for cash of $300,000. The original cost of the asset was $1,200,000. Mayer recognized a gain of $45,000 on the sale. What was the amount of accumulated depreciation on the asset at the time of its sale
Before month-end adjustments are made, the February 28 trial balance of Neutral Milk Hotel contains revenue of $7,000 and expenses of $4,400. Adjustments are necessary for the following items: Depreciation for February is $1,800. Revenue recognized but not yet billed is $2,700. Accrued interest expense is $700. Revenue collected in advance that is now recognized is $2,500. Portion of prepaid insurance expired during February is $400.InstructionsCalculate the correct net income for Neutral Milk Hotel’s Income Statement for February.
Answer: $4,900
Explanation:
Net income will be:
= (Revenue + Revenue recognized but not yet billed + Revenue collected in advance that is now recognized) - Expenses - Depreciation - Accrued interest expense - Portion of prepaid insurance for the month
= (7,000 + 2,700 + 2,500) - 4,400 - 1,800 - 700 - 400
= $4,900
Pick the false statement from below. Multiple Choice Expectations of lower inflation rates in the future tend to lower the slope of the term structure of interest rates. The term structure of interest rates includes both an inflation premium and an interest rate risk premium. The term structure of interest rates and the time to maturity are always directly related. The real rate of return has minimal, if any, effect on the slope of the term structure of interest rates. The interest rate risk premium increases as the time to maturity increases.
Answer: The term structure of interest rates and the time to maturity are always directly related.
Explanation:
The term structure of interest rates shows the relationship between interest rates and the different maturity periods of bonds. Normally, these move in the same direction i.e., the higher the maturity period, the higher the interest rate.
This however is not a given. It might be expected for instance that interest rates might drop in future. In such a situation, the interest might reduce with a longer maturity period which would depict an inverse relationship instead of a direct one.
Classify each of the following items as a final good or service or an intermediate good or service, and identify which is a component of consumption expenditure, investment, or government expenditure on goods and services. A. Upper A new limousine for the president B. New airplanes bought by United Airlines C. Upper A textbook bought by a student D. Packing boxes bought by Amazon
Answer:
final good government expenditure
final goods investment
final good ; consumption expenditure
intermediate good ; investment
Explanation:
A final good is a good that is consumed directly by consumers e.g. the textbooks bought by a student does not need to go through further production before it is suitable for use by the student.
An intermediate good is a good that is used in the production of the final good. e.g. the packing boxes bought by amazon will be used in packaging the final good demanded by consumers.
Consumption spending includes spending by households on goods and services. Consumption spending includes :
spending on durables - e.g. laptop
spending on nondurables - e.g. clothes, food
spending on services - e.g. payment of hospital bill
the purchase of a textbook by a student is an example of consumption spending on durable goods
Investment - It includes purchases of goods and services made by businesses in the production of goods and services
the airplane purchased by the airline would be used to provide services for airline customers. Also, the packing boxes bought by Amazon would be used in delivering goods to customers
Government spending - It includes government consumption expenditure and gross investment. The purchase of a new limousine for the president is an example of consumption expenditure
Gideon Company uses the allowance method of accounting for uncollectible accounts. On May 3, the Gideon Company wrote off the $2,000 uncollectible account of its customer, A Hopkins. The entry or entries Gideon makes to record the write off of the account on May 3 is:________.
a. Accounts Receivable. A-Hopkins 2000
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 2000
b. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 2000
Bad debts expense 2000
c. Accounts Receivable A-hopkins 2000
Bad debts expense 2000
d. Accounts Receivable A Hopkins 2000
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 2000
e. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 2000
Accounts receivables A-Hopkins 2000
Answer:
e. Debit Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $2,000
Credit Accounts receivables A-Hopkins $2,000
Explanation:
When a company use the allowance method of accounting for uncollectible accounts, the company would actively review and book bad debt expenses for any debt in doubt of collection. The entry would be; Debit Bad debt expenses, Credit Allowance for doubtful debt
However, where there is sufficient evidence that these debts goes into default, no more expenses would be recorded , instead
Dr. Allowance for doubtful debt $2,000
Cr. Account receivable $2,000
(To record written off receivables)
Maintenance costs for pollution control equipment on a call for an s are expected to be $180,000 now and another $70,000.03 years from now. assume that the company uses a real interest rate of 9% per year and the inflation rate average is 3% per year. What is the equivalent annual cost of the equipment?
Answer:
Annual cost = −64,083
Explanation:
Present maintenance costs = $180000
Maintenance costs after three years = $70000
Real interest rate = 9%
Inflation rate = 3%
Inflation adjusted interest rate, r = 0.09 + 0.03 + (0.09)(0.03) = 12.27% per year
Annual cost = −180,000(A/P,12.27%,5) –70,000(P/F,12.27%,3)(A/P,12.27%,5)
Annual cost = −180,000(0.27927)–70,000(0.70666)(0.27927)
Annual cost = −64,083
In the Shaping Department of Jenkins Company the unit materials cost is $3.00 and the unit conversion cost is $1.80. The department transferred out 8,000 units and had 2,000 units in ending work in process 20% complete. If all materials are added at the beginning of the process, the total cost to be assigned to the ending work in process is?
Answer:
$6,720
Explanation:
Calculation to determine what the total cost to be assigned to the ending work in process is
First step
Materials cost=2000 units * 100%
Materials cost=2,000
Conversion costs=2000 units *20%
Conversion costs= 400
Now let determine the ending work in process
Ending work in process=(2000 units *$3.00 per unit)+(400 units *$1.80 per unit)
Ending work in process= $6,000+$720
Ending work in process=$6,720
Therefore the total cost to be assigned to the ending work in process is $6,720
Major U.S. airlines have responded to the coronavirus pandemic by reducing the number of flights per day, thus reducing capacity. When demand decreases, it is important for airlines to cut capacity from both a cost and revenue perspective.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Doug Datner had an eclectic background. He completed his law degree from the University of Virginia, then went to work for a technology start-up in Dubai. After the start-up was purchased by a larger corporation, affording Doug a hefty sum of money, Doug and his spouse returned to the United States. While working with an architect and a designer to build their dream home, they realized that there was not a provider of high-quality custom-made door and window hardware at a reasonable price point in the United States. Even though Doug had no experience in the field, he decided to start a business manufacturing high-quality custom-made door and window hardware. He named the company Hardware House Doug and his wife cleared space in their newly constructed garage, designed several basic prototypes, and hired a metalwork expert to replicate their prototypes. They decided to have a few designs in catalog as one component of their business, but have the capability to alter those designs to provide designers with custom hardware. The first few years were tough. Business was steady enough to hire a second metalwork expert, but cash flow challenges often made Doug worry whether he would be able to pay his metalwork experts on time. Still, the Hardware House had gained a number of consistent clients, and was able to move into an old warehouse space and expand operations. Ten years later, Hardware House has nearly 100 employees. While the majority of the employees work in manufacturing, there are also employees in marketing, design, accounting, and human resources. Doug structured the business to limit his liability in case of lawsuit, but still managed to maintain the business without sharing ownership.
Which of the following is an advantage Doug should expect by sharing ownership with others?
a. Gaining access to all of the distribution of profits.
b. Access to additional knowledge and expertise.
c. Additional freedom from government regulation.
d. Enhanced control to make decisions immediately
e. Greater degree of secrecy
Answer: b. Access to additional knowledge and expertise.
Explanation:
One of the advantages of opening a limited company be it private or public, is the additional knowledge that the other shareholders would bring on board.
In the case of a private company, the new shareholders would be from various backgrounds and would have knowledge on how to grow the business and in the case of a public company, the Board of Directors are usually drawn from various industries and so will put their experience from those industries into the company thereby giving it an edge.
Which of the following tasks is not required when using a two-stage activity-based costing model?A. Determining the cost per unit of activityB. Determining how much direct labor each cost object consumesC. Identifying activitiesD. Assigning costs to activities
Answer:
Option B
Explanation:
In simple words, Activity-based budgeting (ABC) is a better way to allocate overhead expenses. The expense of each recurrence of an overlay occurrence throughout the procedure is determined during first step of allocation. The cost of every incidence is then allocated to individual things manufactured by the company inside the second stage.
Thus, from the above we can conclude that the correct option is B.
Mabbe Company uses activity-based costing. The company has two products: A and B. The annual production and sales of Product A is 800 units and of Product B is 600 units. There are three activity cost pools, with estimated costs and expected activity as follows:
Activity Cost Pools Estimated Overhead Cost Expected Activity
Product A Product B Product C
Activity 1 $17460 600 600 1200
Activity 2 $19987 1700 600 2300
Activity 3 $29884 400 120 520
The activity rate for Activity 2 is closest to: __________
a. $29.274
b. $33.311
c. $11.764
d. $8.69
Answer:
d. $8.69
Explanation:
Activity rate for Activity 2 = Estimated Overhead Cost / Expected Activity
Activity rate for Activity 2 = $19,987.00 / 2300
Activity rate for Activity 2 = $8.69 per activity
How can an oligopoly cause market failure
Answer:
Market failure due to Oligopoly
Inefficiency, instability and indeterminacy brought about by oligopoly may result in a market crash. The firm's supremacy is established as the capacity is established more and more, but little is produced in order to create artificial barrier to entry.
Isobel consumes positive quantities of both jam and juice. The price of jam is 10 cents per unit and the price of juice is 5 cents per unit. Her marginal utility of jam is 12 and her marginal utility of juice is 6.
A) Without changing her total expenditures, she could increase her utility by consuming more jam and less juice
B) Without changing her total expenditures, she could increase her utility by consuming more juice and less jam
C) Without changing her total expenditures on jam and juice, she could not increase her utility
D) She should spend more money on both jam and juice.
If two goods are perfect substitutes,
A) there is a bliss point and the indifference curves surround this point.
B) straight indifference curves have a negative slope.
C) convex indifference curves have a negative slope.
D) indifference curves have a L-shape.
The consumer is in equilibrium when
A) MRT MRS
B) Px/Py MUx/MUy.
C) the budget line is tangent to the indifference curve at the bundle chosen.
D) All of the above.
Answer:
A. Without changing her total expenditure, she could increase her utility by consuming more jam and less juice.
B. Straight line Indifference curve has negative slope.
D. All of the above.
Explanation:
Isobel can increase her total utility by consuming more of jam and less of juice. Her total expenditure will not change and therefore price of jam is 10 cents while price of juice is 5 cents. She can have more jam because marginal utility for jam is double than juice.
Aptitude is defined as the ability to _____. learn several different jobs learn a particular kind of job get a job get fired from a job
Time series are particularly useful to track variables such as revenues, costs, and profits over time. Time series models help evaluate performance and make predictions. Consider the following and respond in a minimum of 175 words: Time series decomposition seeks to separate the time series (Y) into 4 components: trend (T), cycle (C), seasonal (S), and irregular (I). What is the difference between these components
Answer:
Trend (T): This is a secular trend, which refers to the movement across time.
Cycle (C): These are cyclical swings that correspond to seasonal but not periodical variations.
Seasonal (S): These are seasonal shifts represented by seasonal variations.
Irregular (I): These are irregular variations, which are a different type of nonrandom cause of series variations.
Explanation:
A time series is a collection of data points that have been indexed (or listed or graphed) in chronological sequence.
The difference between the components can explained as follows:
Trend (T): This is a secular trend, which refers to the movement across time. A trend in data is a pattern that demonstrates the movement of a series to progressively higher or lower values over time. To put it another way, a trend can be seen when the time series has a rising or decreasing slope. A trend usually lasts for a short period of time before dissipating; it does not occur again.
Cycle (C): These are cyclical swings that correspond to seasonal but not periodical variations. The term cycle refers to recurring fluctuations in time series that persist longer than a year, sometimes up to 15 or 20 years. In terms of amplitude and length, these variations aren't regular. The majority of business time series show some form of cyclical or oscillatory fluctuation.
Seasonal (S): These are seasonal shifts represented by seasonal variations. Seasonal fluctuation may be present in time series data. Seasonal variation, often known as seasonality, refers to cycles that occur on a regular basis over time. Seasonal variation refers to a recurring pattern within each year, though it can also refer to patterns that repeat across any specified period.
Irregular (I): These are irregular variations, which are a different type of nonrandom cause of series variations. The polar opposite of a regular time series is an irregular time series. The data in the time series is organized in a chronological order, however measurements may not occur at regular intervals. The operator may produce unexpected or suboptimal results if the time series is erratic.
Assuming purchase costs are rising, determine which of the statements below are correct regarding the cost of goods sold under FIFO, LIFO and weighted average cost flow methods.A. Companies using FIFO will report the highest gross profit and net income. B. Companies using FIFO will pay higher taxes than companies using LIFO, assuming all else
being equal. C. Weighted average cost of goods sold will be between FIFO and LIFO costs of goods sold. D. Companies using FIFO will report the smallest cost of goods sold.E. Companies using LIFO will report the smallest cost of goods sold.
Answer:
A
B
C
D
Explanation:
LIFO means last in first out. It means that it is the last purchased inventory that is the first to be sold.
FIFO means first in, first out. It means that it is the first purchased inventory that is the first to be sold
Weighted average cost method calculates the cost of goods sold as the weighted average of cost of inventory
In periods of rising prices, later purchased goods would have a higher price. As a result, LIFO would report a lower net income while companies using FIFO would report the highest gross profit and net income.
Because of the high net income reported under FIFO, tax paid would be the highest too
An error in the physical count of goods on hand at the end of a period resulted in a $10,000 overstatement of the ending inventory. The effect of this error in the current period is (use the COGS equation for the Periodic System):__________
A. Cost of Goods Sold: Understated, and Net Income: Understated
B. Cost of Goods Sold: Overstated, and Net Income: Overstated
C. Cost of Goods Sold: Understated, and Net Income: Overstated
D. Cost of Goods Sold: Overstated, and Net Income: Understated
Answer:
C. Cost of Goods Sold: Understated, and Net Income: Overstated
Explanation:
The cost of goods can be defined as the amount that a business has to pay in other for them to get an inventory. the net income can be defined as the amount of money that is left from COGS and other expenditures that does not include taxes and payments of interest. Overstating the inventory causes the total amount of earnings to be overstated for that accounting period. while the cost of good sold would be understated