Intermediate-level computer vision studies include
O form, scenes, objects, and events
shapes, colors, numbers, and words
O textures, markings, and shadows
O surfaces, volumes, and boundaries

To write the function "sort3" of type "real * real * real -> real list" that returns a list of three real numbers in sorted order with the smallest first, you can use the following code:
```
fun sort3 (x, y, z) = [x, y, z] |> List.sort Real.compare;
```

Here, we define a function called "sort3" that takes in three real numbers (x, y, z) and returns a list of those numbers sorted in ascending order. To do this, we first create a list of the three numbers using the list constructor [x, y, z]. We then use the pipe-forward operator (|>) to pass this list to the "List.sort" function, which takes a comparison function as an argument. We use the "Real.compare" function as the comparison function to sort the list in ascending order.

So, if you call the "sort3" function with three real numbers, it will return a list containing those numbers in sorted order with the smallest first. For example:

```
sort3 (3.4, 1.2, 2.8); (* returns [1.2, 2.8, 3.4] *)
```

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The property being described in the question is referential transparency.

Referential transparency means that a function or program will always produce the same output given the same input and that any expression can be replaced with its corresponding value without affecting the program's behaviour. This property is important in functional programming, as it allows for more predictable and reliable code, as well as making it easier to reason about the behaviour of the program. In short, referential transparency ensures that a program behaves consistently and that its behaviour can be understood and predicted. It is an essential property for creating reliable and maintainable code.

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False.

Explanation:

Classical sensitivity analysis provides information about changes resulting from a change in the coefficient of a variable in a constraint. This analysis involves calculating the shadow price, which is the amount by which the objective function value changes with a unit increase in the right-hand side of the constraint.

The shadow price reflects the marginal value of an additional unit of a resource or constraint. A positive shadow price indicates that increasing the constraint's right-hand side value would increase the objective function value, while a negative shadow price indicates the opposite.

Thus, classical sensitivity analysis helps decision-makers identify the critical constraints or resources that significantly impact the objective function value. It also provides insights into the cost-effectiveness of additional resources or constraints and helps optimize decision-making under uncertainty.

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Create a query that groups by category_id and name, then count the businesses in each category and save the results in the "query1" table.


To create the SQL query, you will need to use the GROUP BY clause to group the data by category_id and name, and then use the COUNT() function to count the number of businesses for each category. You will save the results in a new table called "query1" using the INTO clause. Here's the step-by-step process:
1. SELECT the required columns: category_id, name, and COUNT(*) for counting businesses.
2. Use the FROM clause to specify the source table.
3. Apply the GROUP BY clause to group data by category_id and name.
4. Save the results in the "query1" table using the INTO clause.
Your SQL query will look like this:
```sql
SELECT category_id, name, COUNT(*) as count
INTO query1
FROM your_table_name
GROUP BY category_id, name;
```
Replace "your_table_name" with the actual table name containing the business and category information.

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In 3D computer graphics, 3D modeling is the process of developing a mathematical coordinate-based representation of any surface of an object (inanimate or living) in three dimensions via specialized software by manipulating edges, vertices, and polygons in a simulated 3D space.[1][2][3]

Three-dimensional (3D) models represent a physical body using a collection of points in 3D space, connected by various geometric entities such as triangles, lines, curved surfaces, etc.[4] Being a collection of data (points and other information), 3D models can be created manually, algorithmically (procedural modeling), or by scanning.[5][6] Their surfaces may be further defined with texture mapping.

Based on the attached ERD, the following tables can be created:

Customers Table:

Columns: customer_id (INT), name (VARCHAR), email (VARCHAR), phone (VARCHAR)

DESC command: DESC customers

Movies Table:

Columns: movie_id (INT), title (VARCHAR), genre (VARCHAR), release_date (DATE)

DESC command: DESC movies

Rentals Table:

Columns: rental_id (INT), customer_id (INT), movie_id (INT), rental_date (DATE DEFAULT SYSDATE)

DESC command: DESC rentals

Employees Table:

Columns: employee_id (INT), name (VARCHAR), email (VARCHAR), phone (VARCHAR), position (VARCHAR)

DESC command: DESC employees

Please note that the DESC command is used to retrieve the structure and details of each table.

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The statement is false for the rising edge triggered d flip-flop, when the data d signal changes its value within the setup window before the rising edge of clock, the metastability problem won’t happen.

Metastability is a phenomenon that can occur in digital circuits when the data input to a flip-flop changes close to the rising edge of the clock signal. When the data input changes within the setup window, there is a possibility that the flip-flop may enter a metastable state, where it cannot settle to a stable logic level before the next clock edge.

In a rising edge triggered D flip-flop, the data input (D) is sampled and stored on the rising edge of the clock signal. The setup window is the time period before the rising edge of the clock during which the data input must be stable to ensure correct operation.

If the data input changes its value within the setup window, it can lead to metastability. The flip-flop may not reliably capture the correct data value and can oscillate between high and low states before eventually settling to the correct logic level. This can result in incorrect output values and cause issues in the circuit.

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Increased lead times can be a disadvantage of changing from a push system to a pull system.

A push system involves producing goods in anticipation of demand, whereas a pull system involves producing goods only when they are needed. While switching to a pull system can lead to several advantages such as reduced inventory costs and better responsiveness to customer demand, it can also result in increased lead times.

This is because in a pull system, production only begins after the demand is known, and the time it takes to produce and deliver the product can result in longer lead times. This may not be ideal for customers who want their products delivered quickly, or for companies that need to respond quickly to sudden changes in demand. Therefore, before making the switch, companies need to consider the potential disadvantages and weigh them against the potential benefits.

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The name of the object that is used to link the webserver and the database on the database server is called the: 3- ConnectionString.

A ConnectionString is a string of parameters and values that are used to connect a webserver to a database server. It specifies the name of the database server, the name of the database, the credentials required to authenticate, and other connection options. The ConnectionString object acts as an intermediary between the webserver and the database server, allowing the webserver to communicate with the database. It provides a secure and efficient way to establish and maintain a connection between the two servers. The ConnectionString is essential for linking the webserver and the database server, as it provides the necessary information to establish a connection and transfer data between them.

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Advances in technology and telecommunications can have a significant impact on developing countries, particularly in terms of economic growth, education, healthcare, and social development. With the increasing availability of affordable and accessible technologies, such as mobile phones, internet connectivity, and online platforms, developing countries are now able to tap into the benefits of digital transformation.

One of the most significant impacts of technology and telecommunications in developing countries is the potential for economic growth. With the help of technology, businesses can now operate on a global scale, expand their markets, and access new customers. For example, e-commerce platforms such as Alibaba and Amazon have opened up new markets for small businesses in developing countries, enabling them to reach a wider customer base.


Another way that technology and telecommunications can benefit developing countries is through social development. Social media platforms, for example, have the potential to connect people, promote social awareness and activism, and encourage civic engagement. Moreover, technology can help governments to provide better services to their citizens, improve transparency and accountability, and enhance democratic participation.

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Mike could justify introducing an intentional slowdown in processing power by highlighting the benefits it offers to users. One possible justification is that by slowing down the processing power, the device's battery life can be extended, resulting in longer usage times. Additionally, the intentional slowdown can help prevent overheating, which can cause damage to the device.

Another justification could be that intentional slowdown can enhance the user experience by allowing for smoother transitions between apps and reducing the risk of crashes or freezes. This can ultimately lead to increased satisfaction and improved user retention.

However, it is important for Mike to be transparent about the intentional slowdown and ensure that users are fully aware of its implementation. This includes providing clear communication about the reasons behind the decision and allowing users to opt out if desired.

Ultimately, the decision to introduce an intentional slowdown in processing power should be based on the user's best interests and the overall performance of the device.

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The four different kinds of feasibility that must be assessed are technical feasibility, economic feasibility, operational feasibility, and schedule feasibility, and to determine whether the proposed system is viable and worth investing resources in, they need to be reviewed during the investigation, analysis, and design phases.  

The four different kinds of feasibility that must be assessed are:

1. Technical Feasibility: This evaluates whether the technology and resources required for the project are available and whether the organization can effectively implement and maintain the system

2. Economic Feasibility: This involves conducting a cost-benefit analysis to determine if the proposed system is financially viable and whether the benefits of the system outweigh its costs.

3. Operational Feasibility: This assesses whether the proposed system can be integrated into the organization's existing processes, workflows, and policies, and if it will be accepted by the end-users.

4. Legal Feasibility: This examines if the proposed system complies with all relevant laws, regulations, and industry standards, as well as any ethical concerns that may arise.

The feasibility of a system is reviewed during the investigation, analysis, and design phases to ensure that the project can be successfully completed with the available resources, that it will provide a return on investment, that it can be effectively integrated into the organization, and that it adheres to legal and ethical requirements. Reviewing feasibility in each phase allows for potential issues to be identified and addressed early on, increasing the likelihood of a successful project outcome.

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The tools that can be used to obfuscate malware code are PEID and UPX. Both tools are used to pack executable files, making them harder to detect by antivirus software.

PEID, also known as PEiD, is a program that can analyze portable executable (PE) files and detect if they are packed with a particular type of packer. On the other hand, UPX is an open-source software that can compress executable files and make them smaller, while also making them more difficult to analyze.

Nmap is a network exploration and security auditing tool, and NASM is an assembler used to create and manipulate object files. However, neither of these tools is designed to obfuscate malware code. So, the long answer is that the tools that can be used to obfuscate malware code are PEID and UPX, while Nmap and NASM are not suitable for this purpose.

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A linked list is a b) linear collection of self-referential structures, called nodes, connected by pointer links.

This means that each node in the linked list contains data and a pointer to the next node in the list. This allows for efficient insertion and deletion of nodes at any point in the list. Linked lists are commonly used in programming because they can easily grow and shrink in size, and they do not require contiguous memory allocation. They are also useful in situations where the order of elements needs to be preserved, but random access is not required.

However, accessing a specific node in a linked list can be slow, as the list must be traversed from the beginning to find the desired node. Overall, linked lists are an important data structure in computer science and can be used in a variety of applications.

Therefore, the correct answer is b) linear

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To satisfy the requirements of having unvisited hyperlinks in steelblue, visited links in orange, and no underlined links in a style sheet, the correct code would be:

a:link {

 color: steelblue;

 text-decoration: none;

}

a:visited {

 color: orange;

 text-decoration: none;

}

In the style sheet, the CSS code is used to define the appearance of hyperlinks on a website. To achieve the desired requirements, we use the a selector with pseudo-classes to target unvisited and visited links separately. For unvisited hyperlinks, we use a:link as the selector. Within this block, we set the color property to steelblue, which will make the unvisited hyperlinks appear in that color. Additionally, we set text-decoration to none to remove any underlines.

For visited links, we use a:visited as the selector. Similar to the unvisited links, we set the color property to orange to make the visited links appear in that color. Again, we set text-decoration to none to ensure there are no underlines. By using these CSS rules in the style sheet, the website's hyperlinks will have the desired style: unvisited links in steelblue, visited links in orange, and no underlines for any links.

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To ensure the volunteerinfo worksheet is active, simply click on the tab for the worksheet. Once on the volunteerinfo worksheet, you can use the data analysis toolpak to perform a single factor ANOVA on the range C5:E21 (including column labels)

by following these steps:
1. Click on the "Data" tab in the ribbon.
2. Click on "Data Analysis" in the Analysis group.
3. Select "ANOVA: Single Factor" from the list of analysis tools.
4. In the "Input Range" box, enter "C5:E21" to specify the range of data you want to analyze.
5. Check the box for "Labels in First Row" to include the column labels in the analysis.
6. In the "Output Range" box, enter "G5" to specify where you want the results to be placed.
7. Click "OK" to perform the analysis and display the results in the specified output range.


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A Java class is a blueprint or template for creating objects that define the properties and behavior of those objects. It contains fields for data and methods for actions that can be performed on the data.

Here's an example of how you can create the Contact class:

public class Contact {
   private String firstName;
   private String lastName;
   private long homeNumber;
   private long officeNumber;
   private String emailAddress;

   public Contact(String firstName, String lastName, long homeNumber, long officeNumber, String emailAddress) {
       this.firstName = firstName;
       this.lastName = lastName;
       this.homeNumber = homeNumber;
       this.officeNumber = officeNumber;
       this.emailAddress = emailAddress;
   }

   public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
       this.firstName = firstName;
   }

   public void setLastName(String lastName) {
       this.lastName = lastName;
   }

   public void setHomeNumber(long homeNumber) {
       this.homeNumber = homeNumber;
   }

   public void setOfficeNumber(long officeNumber) {
       this.officeNumber = officeNumber;
   }

   public void setEmailAddress(String emailAddress) {
       this.emailAddress = emailAddress;
   }

   public String getFirstName() {
       return firstName;
   }

   public String getLastName() {
       return lastName;
   }

   public long getHomeNumber() {
       return homeNumber;
   }

   public long getOfficeNumber() {
       return officeNumber;
   }

   public String getEmailAddress() {
       return emailAddress;
   }

   public String toString() {
       return "Name: " + firstName + " " + lastName +
               "\nHome Number: " + homeNumber +
               "\nOffice Number: " + officeNumber +
               "\nEmail Address: " + emailAddress;
   }
}
```

In this example, the Contact class has private variables for first name, last name, home number, office number, and email address. The constructor takes in all of these details as parameters and sets the variables accordingly.

There are also setter and getter methods for each variable, allowing you to set and get the values as needed. Finally, there's a toString() method that returns a string representation of the Contact object, including all of its details.

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Thus, each of the grammars accepts a different language . Grammar (a) accepts a regular language, grammar (b) accepts a regular language represented by a union of two regular expressions, and grammar (c) accepts a context-free language.

In grammar (a), the language accepted consists of all strings that start with one or more 'a's followed by one 'b' and then any number of 'a's. In other words, it accepts the regular language represented by the regular expression "a+ba*".

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This code segment initializes a 2D array of strings called "letters" with three rows and four columns. It then uses two nested for loops to print out each element of the array. The outer loop iterates over the columns, starting at index 1 and going up to the length of the first row of the array. The inner loop iterates over the rows, starting at index 0 and going up to the length of the array.

For each iteration of the outer loop, the code prints out the element of the array at the current row and column, followed by a space. After the inner loop completes for that column, the code prints out a newline character.

So the output of this code segment will be:
B P J
C G K
D 1 L

Note that the first column is not printed, because the outer loop starts at index 1. Also note that there is an error in the code as it should be "letters[row][col]" instead of "letterstrow][col]".

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This query will select all unique values (using the DISTINCT keyword) from the "language" column in the "country_language" table of the World Database. The result will be a concise list of all languages spoken.

To display all the languages spoken in the SQL World database, you can query the database using SQL commands. First, you need to identify the table in the database that contains the language information. Assuming that there is a table named "Languages" in the SQL World database, you can use the following SQL query to display all the languages spoken.

SELECT DISTINCT Language
FROM Languages;
This query will return a list of all the unique languages spoken in the database. Note that the "DISTINCT" keyword is used to ensure that only unique values are returned.

```sql
SELECT DISTINCT language
FROM country_language;
```

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The exact starting byte address of the inode region varies depending on the specific VSFS implementation. You would need to know this address to find the byte address of the inode with inode number 45.

Inodes are data structures used by file systems to store information about files and directories. Each inode has a unique identifier called an inode number. In VSFS, the inode number is a 32-bit integer, meaning it can have a maximum value of 2^32 - 1 or 4294967295.
Byte address = X + (45 - 1) * 128
The reason we subtract 1 from the inode number is that inode numbers in VSFS start at 1, not 0. Multiplying the result by 128 gives us the offset of the inode within the table, since each inode is 128 bytes in size.
1. Determine the inode size (typically 128 bytes in VSFS).
.

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The hazard that is occurring here is a) data hazard. This is because the addi instruction depends on the result of the previous lw instruction.

The addi instruction requires the value loaded by the lw instruction to be available in $t0, but the lw instruction does not write to $t0 until the next cycle. Therefore, the addi instruction has to wait for the lw instruction to complete, causing a data hazard.

The hardware device used in decoding the machine language version of an instruction in the Instruction Decode stage of the Fetch Execution Cycle is the Control Unit. The Control Unit is responsible for interpreting the machine language instructions and generating the appropriate control signals that control the other components of the CPU. It decodes the opcode of the instruction and generates signals to select the appropriate functional units and registers to carry out the instruction.

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True. Procedures, also known as functions or subroutines, allow for multiple inputs and outputs in their definition.

This means that a procedure can accept multiple arguments or parameters, which are the values or data that are passed into the procedure, and it can also return multiple values or data as its output. This is a useful feature of procedures because it allows them to be more flexible and versatile in their use. For example, a procedure that calculates the average of a set of numbers might accept multiple numbers as input and return the average as its output. Similarly, a procedure that sorts a list of items might accept the list as input and return the sorted list as output. By allowing for multiple inputs and outputs, procedures can be customized to suit a wide variety of needs and applications.

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A possible header for a helper method for binary search is given below.

private int binarySearchHelper(t[] ray, t target, int low, int high)

This helper method would take the same array ray and target target as the main binarysearch method, but it would also take two additional parameters low and high. These parameters would specify the range of the array to search within, and would be updated with each recursive call to the helper method.

The purpose of this helper method would be to perform the binary search recursively, by splitting the array in half and searching either the left or right half depending on the target value's relationship with the middle element. The low and high parameters would be used to keep track of the current range being searched, and the helper method would return the index of the target element if it is found, or -1 if it is not found.

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The given statement is True. In JavaScript, every object has a prototype chain, which allows it to inherit properties and methods from its prototype. The prototype of an object is essentially a template or blueprint for that object, and it is used to define the properties and methods that the object should have.

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False. In JavaScript, all objects inherit properties and methods from their prototype objects.

Each object has an internal [[Prototype]] property that points to its prototype object, which in turn may have its own [[Prototype]] property that points to its prototype object, and so on, forming a prototype chain.

However, not all prototype chains ultimately find their source in the custom object. The ultimate source of the prototype chain depends on the object's inheritance hierarchy. For example, if an object is created using the Object.create() method and the argument passed to Object.create() is a prototype object that inherits from another object, then the prototype chain of the new object will ultimately find its source in that object, rather than in the custom object.

In general, the ultimate source of the prototype chain depends on the specific objects and their inheritance hierarchy, and cannot be assumed to always be the custom object.

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Macro: IS_UPPER_CASE(c) returns a nonzero value if c is an uppercase letter, 0 otherwise.

The IS_UPPER_CASE macro takes a character as an argument and checks if it is an uppercase letter using the ASCII code. If the ASCII code of the character is within the range of uppercase letters (65 to 90), then the macro returns a nonzero value (true). Otherwise, it returns 0 (false). This macro can be useful in programs that require uppercase letter validation or manipulation.

The ASCII code of an uppercase letter ranges from 65 to 90. Therefore, the macro can compare the ASCII code of a character with the range of uppercase letters. If the character falls within this range, it is an uppercase letter, and the macro returns a nonzero value. Otherwise, it returns 0.

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Knowing the unit pricing of two distinct brands of an item allows us to better evaluate which of the two brands is of superior quality. (Option D)

Brand quality refers to the perception of excellence that a brand instills in its customers.

A client could expect a cheap luxury hotel, for example, to have clean, pleasant rooms.

Despite the fact that such hotels may only obtain a few reviews, client pricing expectations may contribute to a sense of high quality.

As a result, Option "B" is the proper response to the following question.

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a. Context-Free Grammar (CFG) for the language {w | in every prefix of w, the number of 'a's is at least the number of 'b's}:

```

S -> ε | aSb | aS

```

Explanation:

- The start symbol is S.

- The production rules allow for three possibilities:

 1. ε (empty string) is in the language.

 2. If a string w is in the language, then adding an 'a' followed by a 'b' (aSb) still keeps the property of every prefix having at least as many 'a's as 'b's.

 3. If a string w is in the language, adding just an 'a' (aS) is also valid, as the empty suffix satisfies the property.

b. Context-Free Grammar (CFG) for the language {w | the number of 'a's and the number of 'b's in w are equal}:

```

S -> ε | aSb | bSa

```

Explanation:

- The start symbol is S.

- The production rules allow for three possibilities:

 1. ε (empty string) is in the language.

 2. If a string w is in the language, then adding an 'a' followed by a 'b' (aSb) or a 'b' followed by an 'a' (bSa) keeps the number of 'a's and 'b's equal.

c. Context-Free Grammar (CFG) for the language {w | the number of 'a's is at least the number of 'b's in w}:

```

S -> ε | aS | Sa | aSb

```

Explanation:

- The start symbol is S.

- The production rules allow for four possibilities:

 1. ε (empty string) is in the language.

 2. If a string w is in the language, adding an 'a' at the beginning (aS) still satisfies the property.

 3. If a string w is in the language, adding an 'a' at the end (Sa) also satisfies the property.

 4. If a string w is in the language, adding an 'a' followed by a 'b' (aSb) still keeps the property of having at least as many 'a's as 'b's.

These CFGs provide unambiguous rules for generating strings in the specified languages.

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Based on the given conditions, the statement is True. A tree can be an ADT with the mentioned constructor and selector functions.

The given statement describes a data structure called a tree which has a constructor function and two selector functions. We need to determine if a tree is an Abstract Data Type (ADT) with specific constructor and selector functions. According to the statement, a tree is an Abstract Data Type (ADT) which has a constructor function called tree() that is used to create a new instance of a tree. Additionally, it has two selector functions called root() and branches(). The root() function is used to return the data stored in the root node of the tree, while branches() function returns a possibly empty linked list containing all the children nodes of the root node.

A tree can be considered an ADT if it has a constructor function tree() and two selector functions root() and branches(). The function root() should return the data contained in the root node, while branches() should return a possibly empty linked list containing the subtrees (branches) of the tree.

Based on the above explanation, the given statement is true as it accurately describes the definition and structure of a tree data type.

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Out of the given statements, option d. "cout << sqrt(-1)" will cause the program to terminate. This is because the square root of a negative number is an imaginary number, and the "sqrt" function in C++ does not support complex numbers. Therefore, when the program encounters this statement, it will throw a runtime error and terminate.

Option a. "cout << stoi("one")" will also cause an error, but it is a compile-time error. This is because "stoi" function expects a string containing only numeric characters, and "one" is not a valid number. The compiler will flag this error during compilation and will not even generate the executable program.

Option b. "assert(2 + 2 == 5)" is a logical error, but it will not cause the program to terminate. This is because the "assert" function is used to check for logical errors during debugging. If the assertion fails (i.e., the condition inside the assert function is false), then the program will terminate, and an error message will be displayed. However, if the assertion passes, then the program will continue to execute normally.

Option c. "in >> n" is a standard input statement that reads input from the user. It will not cause the program to terminate unless there is an error in the input format (e.g., if the user enters a character instead of a number).

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