let u and v be subspace of a vector space w . show that if w = u ⊕v then u ∩v = {0}.

If W = U ⊕ V, then U ∩ V = {0} which can be proved by proving {0} is an element of U ∩ V and there are no other elements in U ∩ V besides {0} for the vector space.

To show that if W = U ⊕ V, then U ∩ V = {0}, we need to prove two things:

1. {0} is an element of U ∩ V.
2. There are no other elements in U ∩ V besides {0}.

Step 1: Show that {0} is an element of U ∩ V.

Since U and V are subspaces of the vector space W, they both must contain the zero vector (0) as per the definition of a subspace. Therefore, the zero vector is in both U and V, which implies that 0 is an element of U ∩ V.

Step 2: Show that there are no other elements in U ∩ V besides {0}.

Suppose there is a nonzero vector x that belongs to U ∩ V. This means x is in both U and V. Since W = U ⊕ V, any vector in W can be uniquely written as the sum of a vector from U and a vector from V. Thus, x can be written as:

x = u + v

where u is a vector from U and v is a vector from V. However, x is also in both U and V, so we can rewrite the equation as:

x = x + 0

Since the sum of vectors from U and V is unique, we must have u = x and v = 0. But this contradicts our initial assumption that x is a nonzero vector, as x ∈ V and we assumed x ≠ 0. Therefore, there can be no other elements in U ∩ V besides {0}.

In conclusion, if W = U ⊕ V, then U ∩ V = {0}.

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