LetX1​ and X2​ be independent chi-square random variables with r1​ andn r2​ ndegrees of freedom, respectively. Let Y1​=(X1​/r1​)/(X2​/r2​) and Y2​=X2​ a. Find the joint pdf of Y1​ and Y2​ . b. Determine the marginal pdf of Y1​ and show that Y1​
has an F distribution. (This is another, but equivalent, way of finding the pdf of F.)

the 4th partial sum of the series is approximately 1.4236.

The general term of the series is given by an = n^(-2), for n >= 1.

Therefore, the first four terms are:

a1 = 1^(-2) = 1

a2 = 2^(-2) = 1/4

a3 = 3^(-2) = 1/9

a4 = 4^(-2) = 1/16

The 4th partial sum, s4, is given by:

s4 = a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 = 1 + 1/4 + 1/9 + 1/16 ≈ 1.4236

what is series?

In mathematics, a series is the sum of the terms of a sequence of numbers. It is the result of adding the terms of a sequence and is written using sigma notation as Σan, where n ranges from 1 to infinity and an is the nth term of the sequence.

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The bit-file necessary to program an FPGA to implement this function would depend on the specific FPGA and toolchain being used, but it would typically include a configuration bitstream that specifies the LUT programming values and the multiplexer configurations for each CLB in the design. The bitstream would also include the memory initialization values for the 8x2 memory.

CLBs (Configurable Logic Blocks) are a fundamental building block of FPGAs (Field-Programmable Gate Arrays). They typically consist of a configurable logic function implemented using LUTs (Look-Up Tables), along with a set of programmable multiplexers that can be used to connect inputs and outputs to the logic function.

To implement the function F(a,b,c,d) = ab + cd using CLBs with an 8x2 memory, we can use the following circuit:

           +------+

    a ---->|      |

           |  LUT |

    b ---->|      |---->+

           +------+     |

                        |

           +------+     |

    c ---->|      |     |

           |  LUT |     |

    d ---->|      |-----+

           +------+

Here, each input (a,b,c,d) is connected to a separate LUT input, and the LUT is programmed to implement the desired function F. The output of the LUT is connected to a multiplexer, which can be used to select between the LUT output and an 8x2 memory output. The memory has 8 address lines and 2 data lines, which can be used to store two bits for each of the possible input combinations of a,b,c,d.

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The function F(a,b,c,d) = ab + cd can be implemented using a 2-input LUT, an 8x2 memory, and a switching matrix in a configurable logic block (CLB) of an FPGA. The bit-file necessary to program the FPGA to implement this function would involve defining the input and output pins, initializing the LUT and memory with the required values, and configuring the switching matrix to connect the inputs and outputs appropriately.

A configurable logic block (CLB) is a basic building block of an FPGA that can be programmed to implement any digital logic function. Each CLB typically consists of a number of components, including a 2-input look-up table (LUT), a flip-flop, and a switching matrix that connects the various inputs and outputs. In order to implement the function F(a,b,c,d) = ab + cd using a CLB, we would need to use the LUT to compute the product terms ab and cd, and then use the memory to store the results.

The switching matrix would be used to connect the external inputs a, b, c, and d to the appropriate inputs of the LUT and memory, and to connect the outputs of the LUT and memory to the output pin of the CLB. The bit-file necessary to program the FPGA to implement this function would therefore involve defining the input and output pins, initializing the LUT and memory with the required values, and configuring the switching matrix to connect the inputs and outputs appropriately.

To initialize the LUT with the required values, we would need to program it with the truth table for the function F(a,b,c,d). Since this function has four inputs, there are 2^4 = 16 possible input combinations, and the corresponding output values can be computed using the formula F(a,b,c,d) = ab + cd. We would need to program the LUT with these 16 output values, so that it can compute the function for any input combination.

The 8x2 memory would be used to store the intermediate results ab and cd, which can then be combined using a second LUT to compute the final output of the function. The switching matrix would be used to connect the inputs a, b, c, and d to the appropriate inputs of the LUT and memory, and to connect the outputs of the LUT and memory to the output pin of the CLB. By configuring the switching matrix appropriately, we can ensure that the correct inputs are connected to the correct components, and that the final output of the function is sent to the correct output pin of the FPGA.


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An absolute value function with a vertex (3, 7) is f(x)=|x-3|+7.

Given that, an absolute value function with a vertex (3, 7).

An absolute value function is an important function in algebra that consists of the variable in the absolute value bars. The general form of the absolute value function is f(x) = a |x - h| + k and the most commonly used form of this function is f(x) = |x|, where a = 1 and h = k = 0. The range of this function f(x) = |x| is always non-negative and on expanding the absolute value function f(x) = |x|, we can write it as x, if x ≥ 0 and -x, if x < 0.

Here, f(x)=|x-3|+7

Therefore, an absolute value function with a vertex (3, 7) is f(x)=|x-3|+7.

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Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

To find the value of y when x = 3 in the equation y = -2x + 15, we substitute x = 3 into the equation and solve for y:

y = -2(3) + 15

y = -6 + 15

y = 9

Therefore, when x = 3, y = 9.

We can use the power series expansion of the exponential function e^(-x) to evaluate the sum of the series:

e^(-x) = ∑(n=0 to infinity) (-1)^n (x^n) / n!

Setting x = 3/2, we get:

e^(-3/2) = ∑(n=0 to infinity) (-1)^n (3/2)^n / n!

Multiplying both sides by (3/2)^2 and simplifying, we get:

(9/4) e^(-3/2) = ∑(n=0 to infinity) (-1)^n (3/2)^(n+2) / (n+2)!

Comparing this with the given series, we can see that they differ only by a factor of (-1) and a shift in the index of summation. Therefore, we can write:

∑(n=0 to infinity) (-1)^n (2n) (3/2)^(2n) / (2n)!

= (-1) ∑(n=0 to infinity) (-1)^n (3/2)^(n+2) / (n+2)!

= (-1) ((9/4) e^(-3/2))

= - (9/4) e^(-3/2)

Hence, the sum of the series is - (9/4) e^(-3/2).

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An equation to represent the number of cookies sold and profit earned is p = 0.25c.

In Mathematics and Geometry, a proportional relationship is a type of relationship that produces equivalent ratios and it can be modeled or represented by the following mathematical equation:

p = kc

Where:

Next, we would determine the constant of proportionality (k) by using the various data points from the graph as follows:

Constant of proportionality, k = p/c

Constant of proportionality, k = 0.25/1 = 0.5/2

Constant of proportionality, k = $0.25 per cookies.

Therefore, the required linear equation is given by;

p = kc

p = 0.25c

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Missing information:

The question is incomplete and the complete question is shown in the attached picture.

Answer:

This series diverges--compare it to the harmonic series.

Answer:

n

Step-by-step explanation:

The given series ∑=3[infinity]710 is a geometric series with the first term a=3 and the common ratio r=7/10. Therefore, the sum of the given geometric series is 10, and the series is convergent.

To determine whether the series converges or diverges, we can apply the formula for the sum of an infinite geometric series, which is S = a / (1 - r). Plugging in the values for a and r, we get:

S = 3 / (1 - 7/10) = 3 / (3/10) = 10

Therefore, the sum of the infinite geometric series is 10. This means that as we add up more and more terms of the series, the sum gets closer and closer to 10. In other words, the series converges to a finite value of 10.

In conclusion, the sum of the given geometric series is 10, and the series is convergent.

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The statements from the graph are given as follows:

a. It is true that the bear's average heart rate is at it's highest in July.

b. It is false that the bear's average heart rate increases by 10 beats per minute from July to August.

c. It is true that the bear's average heart rate is at it's lowest in January.

The input and output variables for the graph are given as follows:

The heart rates for the questions are given as follows:

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To answer this question, we need to perform a chi-squared goodness-of-fit test.

First, we need to calculate the expected frequencies for each group. Since there are 60 companies, we expect 12 companies in each group if they are equally distributed.

Expected frequencies: A=12, B=12, C=12, D=12, E=12

Next, we can calculate the chi-squared test statistic:

chi-squared = sum[(O - E)^2 / E], where O is the observed frequency and E is the expected frequency

Using the given data, we get:

chi-squared = [(5-12)^2/12] + [(8-12)^2/12] + [(15-12)^2/12] + [(20-12)^2/12] + [(12-12)^2/12] = 12.5

The degrees of freedom for this test are df = k - 1 - c, where k is the number of groups (5 in this case) and c is the number of parameters estimated (none in this case). So, df = 4.

Using a chi-squared distribution table with df = 4 and alpha = 0.05, we find the critical value to be 9.488.

Since our calculated chi-squared value (12.5) is greater than the critical value (9.488), we reject the null hypothesis that the largest companies do not differ in performance from the performance of the 1000 companies in the Shareholder Scoreboard.

To calculate the p-value, we can use a chi-squared distribution table with df = 4 and our calculated chi-squared value of 12.5. The p-value is the probability of getting a chi-squared value greater than or equal to 12.5.

Using the table, we find the p-value to be less than 0.05, which provides further evidence for rejecting the null hypothesis.

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The number of students earning higher than 60% is 2

The math grades received by the group of five students are: 80, 45, 30, 93, and 49.

In order to approximate the quantity of students who attained marks above 60%, it is necessary to ascertain the count of students who were graded above 60 out of a total of 100.

Based on the grades, it can be determined that three students attained below 60 points: specifically, 45, 30, and 49. This signifies that a couple of pupils achieved a grade that exceeded 60.

Thus, with the information provided, it can be inferred that roughly two pupils achieved a score above 60% in mathematics.

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The area of the enclosed loop of the curve y^2 = x^2(x 3) is 56√3/15.

To find the area of the enclosed loop of the curve y^2 = x^2(x 3), we need to first sketch the curve to see what it looks like. The equation can be rewritten as y^2 = x^2(x-3), which means that the curve is symmetric about the x-axis and passes through the origin.

Next, we can find the x-intercepts of the curve by setting y=0: 0^2 = x^2(x-3), which simplifies to x=0 and x=3. So the curve intersects the x-axis at (0,0) and (3,0).

To find the area of the enclosed loop, we need to integrate the curve from x=0 to x=3 and subtract the area below the x-axis. We can do this by setting up the integral as follows:

A = ∫[0,3] y dx - ∫[0,3] -y dx

We can solve for y by taking the square root of both sides of the equation y^2 = x^2(x-3):

y = ± x√(x-3)

To find the bounds of the integral, we can set the two functions equal to each other and solve for x:

x√(x-3) = -x√(x-3)
x=0 or x=3

So our integral becomes:

A = ∫[0,3] x√(x-3) dx - ∫[0,3] -x√(x-3) dx

We can simplify the integral by making the substitution u = x-3, which gives us:

A = ∫[0,3] (u+3)√u du - ∫[0,3] -(u+3)√u du

Simplifying further, we get:

A = 2∫[0,3] (u+3)√u du

This integral can be evaluated using integration by parts, which gives us:

A = 2/3 [2(u+3)(2u+3)√u - ∫(2u+3)√u du] from 0 to 3

Simplifying, we get:

A = 2/3 [(54√3/5) - (2/5)(18√3) + (2/3)(4√3)]

A = 56√3/15 DETAIL ANS

Therefore, the area of the enclosed loop of the curve y^2 = x^2(x 3) is 56√3/15.

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The solutions to the original equation in the interval [0, 2π) are:

θ = 0, π/2, π, 3π/2, π/8, 3π/8.

We have,

Double-angle formula for sine: sin(2θ) = 2 sin(θ) cos(θ)

Double-angle formula for cosine: cos(2θ) = 2cos²(θ) - 1

Let's substitute these double-angle formulas into the equation:

−sin(2θ) − cos(4θ) = 0

−(2 sin(θ)cos(θ)) − (2cos²(2θ) - 1) = 0

2 sin(θ)cos(θ) + 2cos²(2θ) - 1 = 0

And,

cos(4θ) = 2 cos² (2θ) - 1

Now the equation becomes:

2 sin(θ) cos(θ) + cos(4θ) = 0

Now, factor out a common term:

cos(4θ) + 2 sin(θ) cos(θ) = 0

To solve for θ, each term to zero:

cos(4θ) = 0

2 sin(θ) cos(θ) = 0

Solving for θ:

cos(4θ) = 0

4θ = π/2, 3π/2 (adding 2π to get solutions in the interval [0, 2π))

θ = π/8, 3π/8

And,

2 sin(θ) cos(θ) = 0

This equation has two possibilities:

sin(θ) = 0

cos(θ) = 0

For sin(θ) = 0, the solutions are θ = 0, π (within the interval [0, 2π)).

For cos(θ) = 0, the solutions are θ = π/2, 3π/2 (within the interval [0, 2π)).

Thus,

The solutions to the original equation in the interval [0, 2π) are:

θ = 0, π/2, π, 3π/2, π/8, 3π/8.

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The radius of convergence is r = 6.

To find the radius of convergence, we use the ratio test:

r = lim |an / an+1|

where an = (-1)^n n^3 x^n / 6^n

an+1 = (-1)^(n+1) (n+1)^3 x^(n+1) / 6^(n+1)

Thus, we have:

|an+1 / an| = [(n+1)^3 / n^3] |x| / 6

Taking the limit as n approaches infinity, we get:

r = lim |an / an+1| = lim [(n^3 / (n+1)^3) 6 / |x|]

= lim [(1 + 1/n)^(-3) * 6/|x|]

= 6/|x|

Therefore, the radius of convergence is r = 6.

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Answer:

0.67

Step-by-step explanation:

The approximated solution for the initial-value problem, using Taylor's method of order two with h = 0.5, is y ≈ 3 at t = 3.

Taylor's method of order two approximates the solution of an initial-value problem by using the Taylor series expansion up to the second order. In this case, we have the initial-value problem y' = 1 + (t - y)^2, with the initial condition y(2) = 1, and the step size h = 0.5.

To apply Taylor's method of order two, we first expand the function y(t) around the initial point (t0, y0) using the Taylor series:

y(t + h) = y(t) + hy'(t) + (h^2/2)y''(t) + O(h^3),

where O(h^3) represents higher-order terms that are neglected for this approximation.

Differentiating the given function, we find y' = 1 + (t - y)^2. Evaluating y'(t0, y0) at t0 = 2 and y0 = 1, we get y'(2, 1) = 1 + (2 - 1)^2 = 2.

Substituting the values into the iterative formula, we obtain:

y(t + h) = y(t) + hy'(t) = y(t) + 0.5(2),

where t ranges from 2 to 3 with steps of 0.5. Starting with y(2) = 1, we can update the value of y at each time step:

For t = 2.5: y(2.5) = y(2) + 0.5(2) = 1 + 1 = 2.

For t = 3: y(3) = y(2.5) + 0.5(2) = 2 + 1 = 3.

Therefore, the approximated solution for the initial-value problem, using Taylor's method of order two with h = 0.5, is y ≈ 3 at t = 3.

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For the sample population

(a) The point estimate of p is 0.71.

(b) Using Equation 73-2, the approximate 90% confidence interval for p is obtained by calculating 0.71 ± 1.645 * sqrt((0.71 * (1 - 0.71))/200).

(c) Using Equation 73-4, the approximate 90% interval for p is found by calculating 0.71 ± 1.645 * sqrt((0.71 * (1 - 0.71))/(200 - 1)).

(d) Using Equation 73-5, the approximate 90% confidence interval for p is obtained by calculating 0.71 ± 1.645 * sqrt((0.71 * (1 - 0.71))/(200 + 1.645^2/4)).

(a) To obtain a point estimate of p, we divide the number of letters delivered the next day (y = 142) by the sample size (n = 200):

Point estimate of p = y/n = 142/200 = 0.71

(b) Using Equation 73-2, we can find an approximate 90% confidence interval for p. The formula is given by:

Point estimate ± Z * sqrt((p * (1 - p))/n)

Since the confidence level is 90%, the Z-value for a 90% confidence level is approximately 1.645. Substituting the values into the equation:

Confidence interval = 0.71 ± 1.645 * sqrt((0.71 * (1 - 0.71))/200)

Simplifying the expression:

Confidence interval = 0.71 ± 1.645 * sqrt(0.21/200)

(c) Using Equation 73-4, we can find an approximate 90% interval for p. The formula is given by:

Point estimate ± Z * sqrt((p * (1 - p))/(n - 1))

Applying the formula with the given values:

Confidence interval = 0.71 ± 1.645 * sqrt((0.71 * (1 - 0.71))/(200 - 1))

Simplifying the expression:

Confidence interval = 0.71 ± 1.645 * sqrt(0.21/199)

(d) Using Equation 73-5, we can find an approximate 90% confidence interval for p. The formula is given by:

Point estimate ± Z * sqrt((p * (1 - p))/(n + Z^2/4))

Substituting the values into the equation:

Confidence interval = 0.71 ± 1.645 * sqrt((0.71 * (1 - 0.71))/(200 + 1.645^2/4))

Simplifying the expression:

Confidence interval = 0.71 ± 1.645 * sqrt(0.21/200.5084)

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The value of Pr(B ∩ Ac) for the given conditions are:

(a) 1/2

(b) 1/6

(c) 3/8

The probability of an event occurring can be calculated using the formula: P(A) = (number of favorable outcomes) / (total number of outcomes). In the given problem, we are given the probabilities of two events A and B and we need to calculate the probability of the complement of A intersecting with B for different conditions.

In the first condition, A and B are disjoint, which means they have no common outcomes. Therefore, the probability of the complement of A intersecting with B is the same as the probability of B, which is 1/2.

In the second condition, A is a subset of B, which means all the outcomes of A are also outcomes of B. Therefore, the complement of A intersecting with B is the same as the complement of A, which is 1 - 1/3 = 2/3. Therefore, the probability of the complement of A intersecting with B is (2/3)*(1/2) = 1/6.

In the third condition, the probability of A intersecting with B is given as 1/8. We know that P(A ∩ B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∪ B). Using this formula, we can find the probability of A union B, which is 11/24. Now, the probability of the complement of A intersecting with B can be calculated as P(B) - P(A ∩ B) = 1/2 - 1/8 = 3/8.

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The equation Square root of 5 square root of 5 = x can be simplified as follows:

√5 ·√5 = x

√(5·5) = x

√25 = x

x = 5

Therefore, the value of x that will make the equation true is 5.

a) The moment generating function[tex](mgf)[/tex] of U is M(t) = exp((λ1+λ2)(e^t-1)) b) U follows a named distribution known as Poisson distribution with parameter λ1+λ2. c) The [tex]pmf[/tex]of (Y1|U = u) is a binomial distribution with parameters u and λ1/(λ1+λ2).

a) The[tex]mgf[/tex]of U can be found using the fact that the [tex]mgf[/tex]of the sum of independent random variables is the product of their individual [tex]mgfs[/tex]. Thus,

M(t) = E[tex][e^(tU)][/tex] = E[e^(t(Y1+Y2))] = E[e^(tY1)]E[e^(tY2)] = exp(λ1(e^t-1))[tex]exp(λ2(e^t-1)) = exp((λ1+λ2)).[/tex]

b) The sum of independent Poisson random variables is a Poisson distribution with parameter equal to the sum of the individual parameters. Therefore, U follows a Poisson distribution with parameter λ1+λ2.

c) To find the[tex]pmf[/tex]of (Y1|U = u), we use Bayes' theorem:

P(Y1=[tex]k|U=u) = P(Y1=k, Y2=u-k)/P(U=u)[/tex]

= [tex]P(Y1=k)P(Y2=u-k)/(λ1+λ2)^u e^-(λ1+λ2)\\= (λ1^k/k!)(λ2^(u-k)/(u-k)!) / (λ1+λ2)^u e^-(λ1+λ2)[/tex]

This simplifies to a binomial distribution with parameters u and p=λ1/(λ1+λ2), as the probability of success (i.e., Y1=k) is p and the number of trials is u. Thus, the [tex]pmf[/tex] of (Y1|U = u) is a binomial distribution with parameters u and λ1/(λ1+λ2).

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(1) To find (f ο g ο h)(-2), we first need to find g ο h and then apply f to the result. We have:

g ο h(x) = g(h(x)) = g(2x) = (2x)^2 = 4x^2

So, (f ο g ο h)(-2) = f(g(h(-2))) = f(g(-4)) = f(16) = 3(16) + 1 = 49

Therefore, (f ο g ο h)(-2) = 49.

(2) To find (f o f^-1)(2/3), we need to use the fact that f and f^-1 are inverse functions, which means that f(f^-1(x)) = x for all x in the domain of f^-1. Therefore, we have:

f(f^-1(x)) = 3f^-1(x) + 1 = x

Solving for f^-1(x), we get:

f^-1(x) = (x - 1)/3

So, (f o f^-1)(2/3) = f(f^-1(2/3)) = f((2/3 - 1)/3) = f(-1/9) = 3(-1/9) + 1 = 2/3

Therefore, (f o f^-1)(2/3) = 2/3.

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Height of hawk eye at a distance of 660 feet from tree is 462.1 feet .

Given,

An observer (O) is located 660 feet from a tree (T). The observer

notices a hawk (H) flying at a 35° angle of elevation from his line of sight.

Here,

Let x be the height of the hawk.

The tangent ratio expresses the relationship between the sides of a right triangle depicted above as:

tanФ = opposite side/adjacent side

tan35° = x / 660

x = 660 (tan35° )

x = 462.1 feet .

Thus the height of hawk eye is 462.1 feet .

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The exponential function for the table is given as follows:

[tex]y = 0.02(4)^x[/tex]

The simple radical form of the expression is given as follows:

[tex]\sqrt{8} = 2\sqrt{2}[/tex]

An exponential function has the definition presented as follows:

[tex]y = ab^x[/tex]

In which the parameters are given as follows:

The parameter values for the exponential function in this problem are given as follows:

Hence the exponential function for the table is given as follows:

[tex]y = 0.02(4)^x[/tex]

For the simple radical form, we have that 8 = 2 x 4, hence:

[tex]\sqrt{8} = \sqrt{4 \times 2} = 2\sqrt{2}[/tex]

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The statement that identifies and explains lim x f(x) is "The limit lim f(x) does not exist because there is oscillating behavior around x = 0."In general, a function f(x) has a limit at x = c if and only if the function approaches the same value L no matter what direction x comes from.

A limit can be determined by evaluating the function at x values very close to c, either from the right or from the left. If both the left-hand and right-hand limits exist and are equal, then the function has a limit at x = c. However, if the left-hand and right-hand limits do not exist or are not equal, then the function does not have a limit at x = c.In this case, the statement "The limit lim f(x) does not exist because there is oscillating behavior around x = 0" identifies and explains lim x f(x).

This is because the graph has oscillating behavior as x approaches 0, and the left-hand and right-hand limits do not exist or are not equal.

Therefore, lim x f(x) does not exist.

The other statements are not correct because they do not accurately describe the behavior of the function near x = 0.

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Adler and Erika solved the same equation. The solution to the equation was found using the calculations below. Adler's Work Erika's Work Start Fraction 13 over 8 End Fraction = k one-half. Start Fraction 13 over 8 End Fraction minus one-half = k one-half minus one-half.

Start Fraction 9 over 8 End Fraction = k. Start Fraction 13 over 8 End Fraction = k one-half. Start Fraction 13 over 8 End Fraction (negative one-half) = k one-half (negative one-half).Start Fraction 9 over 8 End Fraction = k. Both Adler and Erika solved for k correctly because either the addition property of equality or the subtraction property of equality can be used to solve for k, is the correct answer about their work. Let's prove it, we know that if a = b, then we can subtract the same value from each side of the equation to get a - c = b - c, which is the subtraction property of equality. We can add the same value to each side of an equation to get a + c = b + c, which is the addition property of equality.

Start Fraction 13 over 8 End Fraction minus one-half = k one-half minus one-half. So, Start Fraction 13 over 8 EndFraction minus one-half = Start Fraction 1 over 2 EndFraction k minus Start Fraction 1 over 2 End Fraction. Using the subtraction property of equality, we can say, Start Fraction 9 over 8 EndFraction = k. Therefore, Both Adler and Erika solved for k correctly because either the addition property of equality or the subtraction property of equality can be used to solve for k.

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The given series is divergent.

To determine whether the series converges or diverges, we can use the divergence test, which states that if the limit of the nth term of a series does not approach zero as n approaches infinity.

Then the series must diverge.

Let's find the limit of the nth term of the given series:

lim n → ∞ n^2 / (4n^3 - 3n)

= lim n → ∞ n^2 / n^3 (4 - 3/n^2)

= lim n → ∞ 1/n (4/3 - 3/n^2)

As n approaches infinity, the second term approaches zero, and the limit becomes:

lim n → ∞ 1/n * 4/3 = 0

Since the limit of the nth term approaches zero, the divergence test is inconclusive. Therefore, we need to use another test to determine whether the series converges or diverges.

We can use the limit comparison test, which states that if the ratio of the nth term of a series to the nth term of a known convergent series approaches a nonzero constant as n approaches infinity.

Then the two series must either both converge or both diverge.

Let's compare the given series to the p-series with p = 3:

∑ n = 1 ∞ 1/n^3

We have:

lim n → ∞ (n^2 / (4n^3 - 3n)) / (1/n^3)

= lim n → ∞ n^5 / (4n^3 - 3n)

= lim n → ∞ n^2 / (4 - 3/n^2)

= 4/1 > 0

Since the limit is a nonzero constant, the two series either both converge or both diverge. We know that the p-series with p = 3 converges, therefore, the given series must also converge.

The correct series should be:

∑ n = 1 ∞ n / (4n^3 - 3)

Using the same tests as above, we can show that this series is divergent. The limit of the nth term approaches zero, and the limit comparison test with the p-series with p = 3 gives a nonzero constant:

lim n → ∞ (n / (4n^3 - 3)) / (1/n^3)

= lim n → ∞ n^4 / (4n^3 - 3)

= lim n → ∞ n / (4 - 3/n^4)

= ∞

Therefore, the given series is divergent.

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d - l is nonsingular. Thus, we have shown that a can be written in the desired form.

To prove that a matrix a can be written as a = d - l - lt, where d is diagonal with dii > 0 for all 1 ≤ i ≤ n, l is lower triangular, and d - l is nonsingular, we need to construct such matrices d and l.

Let d be the diagonal matrix with dii = aii for all 1 ≤ i ≤ n. Then, since aii ≠ 0 for all 1 ≤ i ≤ n, we have that d is nonsingular.

Next, let l be the lower triangular matrix whose entries below the diagonal are given by li,j = -aij/dii for all 1 ≤ i < j ≤ n and whose diagonal entries are all 1. Then, we have:

d - l = [aii            0            0     ...          0      ]

       [-a21/a11     a22           0     ...          0      ]

       [-a31/a11   -a32/a22      a33    ...          0      ]

        ...

       [-an1/a11   -an2/a22   -an3/a33 ... a(n-1)(n-1)    ann ]

The determinant of d - l can be computed as follows:

det(d - l) = a11 (a22 ... ann - 0 ... 0) +

            a21 (-a32 ... ann - 0 ... 0) +

            a31 (a32 ... ann - 0 ... 0) +

            ...

            an1 ((-1)^(n-1) a(n-1)(n-1) ... a22) != 0

Therefore, d - l is nonsingular. Thus, we have shown that a can be written in the desired form.

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The perimeter of △XYZ is 54 cm.

To find the perimeter of △XYZ given that △ABC∼△XYZ with side lengths AB=18 cm, BC=30 cm, and CA=42 cm, and the longest side of △XYZ is 25.2 cm, follow these steps:

1. Identify the longest side of △ABC. In this case, it is CA with a length of 42 cm.
2. Calculate the scale factor by dividing the longest side of △XYZ (25.2 cm) by the longest side of △ABC (42 cm): 25.2 / 42 = 0.6.
3. Find the corresponding side lengths of △XYZ by multiplying the side lengths of △ABC by the scale factor (0.6):
  - XY (corresponding to AB): 18 * 0.6 = 10.8 cm
  - YZ (corresponding to BC): 30 * 0.6 = 18 cm
  - XZ (corresponding to CA): 42 * 0.6 = 25.2 cm (already given)
Calculate the perimeter of △XYZ by adding the side lengths: 10.8 + 18 + 25.2 = 54 cm.

The perimeter of △XYZ is 54 cm.

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