Answer: 0.5 atm
Explanation:
you would want to use Boyles law which is P1P2=P2V2
or in this case, 1.00atm x 5.00L=P2 x 10.0L
1.00x5.00/10.00= 0.50atm
How do you transcribe and then translate a sequence of DNA into proteins?
The core dogma of molecular biology is the process by which DNA is converted into RNA, which is then translated into proteins.
During transcription, an enzyme known as RNA polymerase binds to a particular DNA sequence known as the promoter and produces a complementary RNA strand utilizing the data in the DNA's coding strand.
After transcription, the RNA molecule is moved from the nucleus into the cytoplasm where ribosomes interpret it and "translate" the genetic information into a series of amino acids. A functioning protein will then be formed from this amino acid sequence.
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To transcribe and translate a sequence of DNA into proteins, the DNA first needs to be transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) and then translated into proteins using the genetic code.
The first step in translating a DNA sequence into proteins is to transcribe the DNA into mRNA. This process occurs in the nucleus of the cell and is carried out by enzymes called RNA polymerases. After the DNA is transcribed, the mRNA is then exported out of the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm.
In the cytoplasm, the mRNA is translated into proteins by ribosomes with the help of transfer RNAs (tRNAs). During this translation process, the mRNA codons are translated into amino acids using the genetic code.
This code is composed of three-letter codons that correspond to the 20 amino acids used to make proteins. The tRNAs bring the corresponding amino acids to the ribosomes, where the amino acids are joined together by peptide bonds to form proteins.
This process continues until the ribosome reaches a stop codon, at which point the protein is complete.
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Copper has two naturally occurring isotopes.69.15 % of copper atoms are Cu-63 and have a mass of 62.93 AMU. The other 30.85 % of copper atoms are Cu-65 and have a mass of 64.93 AMU What is the atomic mass of copper?
The average atomic mass of copper can be calculated from the mass and percentage abundance of its isotopes. The average atomic mass of copper is 36.54 amu.
What are isotopes?Isotopes are atoms of same element with different mass number. Isotopes slightly differ in physical and chemical properties from each other.
The average atomic mass of an element is calculated with the formula given below:
average atomic mass = ∑ (% abundance /100) × isotopic mass.
mass of Cu-63 = 62.93 amu
% abundance = 69.15 %
mass of Cu-65 = 64.93 amu
% abundance = 30.85 %
Average atomic mass = (69.15 % /100 × 62.93 ) + (30.85 % /100 × 64.93)
= 63.54 amu.
Therefore, the average atomic mass of copper is 63.54 amu.
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SEP Plan an Investigation Suppose scientists have found three oxide materials that could potentially be used as a cathode to a magnesium or sodium anode in a battery for electronics. plan an investigation to determine the best battery. What characteristics would you test for?
The characteristics that would be tested for would majorly be the electrode potential of the cells.
What are the electrodes?
We can see that in a battery, we have to electrodes and these are the cathode and the anode. The anode is the electrode that current would enter into the cell through it while the cathode which the current would leave the cell.
Now, we know that the anode is positively charged and the cathode is negatively charged. The elements that would serve as the cathode and the anode would depend on the relative electrode potentials of the elements.
We know that sodium is more electropositive than magnesium as such the magnesium would be the cathode and the sodium would be the cathode of the cell. This is how the anode and the cathode can be determined in the cell.
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high gradation creates:____
In terms of gradation, transparency increases as the angle of a comb is raised. High gradations produce the most transparency.
What does the phrase "high grading" refer to?Professionals in the forestry industry refer to any type of harvesting technique that involves taking only the most expensive timber out of the woods and leaving the rest behind as "high-grading."
Describe a high grade cut.High grade refers to a harvest that leaves behind both tiny and large trees of low quality and species with low economic worth after removing those trees of commercial value. Any trees bigger than a certain diameter (for example, 12" and larger) are removed during a diameter-limit cut, which is a type of wood harvest. Cuts with a diameter restriction frequently have high grading.
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How did the philosopher's stone affect alchemy?
Alchemists thought the philosopher's stone had the power to change base metals like lead into precious metals like gold or silver and could be utilized as an elixir of life to extend life.
What is a metal?Any of a wide range of opaque, fusible, ductile, & usually glossy substances, especially, one that is a chemical substance as opposed to an alloy. These substances are good conductors of heat and electricity create cations by the losses of electrons, or produce basic oxides and hydroxides.
How is metal made?Mass metal making, sheet metal formation, & sheet-bulk metal forming are the three different types of metal forming techniques. Forging, rolling, deep drawing, extrusion, wire drawing, & bending are just few common methods of metal formation.
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Read the following chemical equation. Cl2 (g) K Br− → K Cl− Br2 (g)
What mot likely happen during thi reaction? (5 point)
Potaium loe an electron. Potaium gain an electron. Bromine loe an electron. Bromine gain an electron
In this given chemical equation of oxidation reaction , Bromine will lose an electron.
In the given chemical reaction we can observe that initially Bromine is in a negative state. Later on it undergoes oxidation reaction. In any oxidation reaction there is a loss of electrons. Similarly when the oxidation increases in the Bromine it loses its electron. Whereas in the potassium there is no evident change. It remains cation i.e. positive charge in the reaction.
Let’s understand this after observing this equation deeply: Cl2 (g) + K+Br- gives K+Cl- + Br2(g) - Here in the equation, 1- of Bromide turns 0 after the reaction, where 1+ of potassium is the same in both the reactant & product side.
Thus, from the above argument we can conclude that Bromine will lose an electron.
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Game 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Jets 10 10 13 21 10 14 10 42 28 12
Opponent 7 3 17 24 14 0 3 21 27 28
The chart above shows the football scores for the Jets this season. Which of the following measures of central tendency would show the score that occurred most often?
A.
mean
B.
median
C.
range
D.
mode
The given chart shows the football scores for the Jets this season. The mode measures of central tendency would show the score that occurred most often. Hence option (D) is the answer.
What is a mode?The most frequent value in a collection of values is referred to as the mode. The value that comes up the most often is this one. The value that pops up most frequently among a group of data values is the mode. The largest value of the probability mass function for X, if it is a discrete random variable, is the mode. To put it another way, it is the value that will likely be sampled.
A normal mode is a chemical term to denote an autonomous motion of atoms within a molecule that takes place without affecting movement to any other modes. Asymmetric, symmetric, wagging, twisting, scissoring, and rocking are the typical vibrational modes for polyatomic molecules.
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LET'S THINK Phenobarbital (C12 H12 N2Os; M = 232.2g/mol) is a weak acid (pKg = 7.4) used as a sedative and anticonvulsant. This drug is insoluble in water; the concentration of saturated aqueous solutions of this compound is close to 1 g/L pH Homework Unanswered Estimate the pH of a saturated solution of phenobarbital.
The PH value of a saturated solution of phenobarbital is,[tex]p^H=4.88 \approx P^H \times 4.9$[/tex]
A saturated solution is a chemical solution containing the maximum concentration of a solute dissolved in the solvent. The additional solute will not dissolve in a saturated solution.
The amount of solute that can be dissolved in a solvent to form a saturated solution depends on a variety of factors. The most important factors are:
Temperature: Solubility increases with temperature. For example, you can dissolve much more salt in hot water than in cold water.Pressure: Increasing pressure can force more solute into solution. This is commonly used to dissolve gases into liquids.Chemical Composition: The nature of the solute and solvent and the presence of other chemicals in a solution affects solubility. For example, you can dissolve much more sugar in water than salt in water. Ethanol and water are completely soluble in each other.For saturated solution
W= [tex]1g[/tex], V=[tex]1000ml[/tex], [tex]m_{w}[/tex] = [tex]232.2g[/tex]
Now Molarity = [tex]\frac{WX1000}{m_{w} V}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{1X1000}{(23.2)(1000)}[/tex]
Molarity = [tex]0.0043m[/tex]
Given [tex]P^{ka}[/tex]=[tex]7.4[/tex]
Therefore, [tex]ka =[/tex] antilog [tex](-7.4)=3.98X10^{-8}[/tex]
[tex]$\left[\mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{O}^{+}\right]=\sqrt{\mathrm{KaXc}} =\sqrt{3.98 \times 10^{-8} \times 0.0043}=1.30 \times 10^{-5}$ \\Now, $\mathrm{pH}^H=-\log \left(\mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{O}^{+}\right]=-\log \left(1.30 \times 10^{-\mathrm{E}}\right)=4.88$.\\$\therefore p^H=4.88 \approx P^H \times 4.9$[/tex]
Therefore, the PH value of a saturated solution of phenobarbital is,[tex]p^H=4.88 \approx P^H \times 4.9$[/tex]
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What is the concentration of H₂(g), in parts per million, in a solution that contains 0.0001 g of H2(g) dissolved in 100. g of H₂O(l)?
Answer:
1 ppm :)
Explanation: i was guessing and 1 ppm was the answer :)
How do you transcribe and translate amino acids?
To transcribe and translate amino acids, they must first be transcribed from DNA to mRNA, then translated from mRNA to protein.
Transcribing involves the use of an enzyme called RNA polymerase, which reads the DNA sequence and synthesizes a complementary mRNA molecule.
The mRNA molecule is then read by ribosomes, which are responsible for translating the sequence into a sequence of amino acids. This process is called translation, and the resulting sequence of amino acids forms a protein.
The order of the amino acids determines the structure and function of the protein. Transcribing and translating proteins is important for the cell to make proteins that help it to survive and grow.
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Why do the gases easily diffuse in one another explain on the basis of the kinetic model?
On the basis of the model of kinetic energy, gases easily diffuse in one another because particles in gases move in random motion.
Gases involve a very fast diffusion rate. Because between the particles of gases, there exists a negligible force of attraction that make particles in gases move very swiftly throughout all directions.
Since gases easily diffuse because their particles move in random motion in all directions. Then these particles collide. This diffusion occurs from a high concentration region to a low concentration region.
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6) Volcanoes can form over a plume, or rising current of hot mantle. As a tectonic plate slowly
moves over a plume, a volcano will form and then become extinct as it moves away from the
figure, is the plate pictured below moving toward you or away from you?
hot spot. Then the next volcano will form. If the hot spot shown made all the islands in the
Jahau
Kauai
Letai
Kitob
Batu
OA) The plate is moving toward me.
O B) The plate is moving away from me.
OC) There is no way to tell.
OD) It is stationary.
You'll have to give us a picture for it to be answered, sorry.
The plate is moving away from me in the figure of volcanoes. Therefore, the correct option is B.
What are volcanoes?Volcanoes are geological formations that form when magma, ash, and other elements erupt from beneath the Earth's surface. Both on land and in water, they come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. Volcanoes often develop along the boundaries of tectonic plates or at "hot spots" where plumes of hot mantle flow upward from the Earth's core and are associated with tectonic activity.
Volcanic eruptions can cause a variety of hazards, such as waves, pyroclastic flows, ash clouds, and lava flows. Volcanoes can be devastating, but they can also create new areas and provide healthy soil, which benefits the ecology.
Therefore, the correct option is B.
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A person with a history of chemical dependency on controlled substances who desires to obtain.
A person with a history of chemical dependency on controlled substances who desires to obtain A License. A license to practice Nursing students may be required to show proof of current sobriety and fitness to practice.
This rule is from the Texas Board of Nursing’s (BON) Administrative Rules. It is stated that any nurse who has a chemical dependency diagnosis or a history of controlled substance abuse must demonstrate the following through "objective, verifiable evidence" of current sobriety and fitness to practice to get a license.
This objective, verifiable evidence could be obtained through AA records, negative drug tests, an assessment by a specialist in addiction, and testimonies from group members, colleagues, and other close friends.
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What is an indicator that a chemical change has occurred? a change in energy a change in shape the presence of solubility in water the presence of a melting point.
A chemical change has taken place an adjustment in energy.A chemical reaction can be detected by bubbling, a change in color, a change in smell, the production of a precipitate, and heat.
Which sign most strongly shows that a chemical shift is occurring?A change in color and the appearance of bubbles are two examples of chemical changes' symptoms. The five requirements for chemical change are: color change, precipitate or gas production, gas formation, odor change, and temperature change.Changes in color, temperature changes, the creation of gases, and the formation of solid precipitates are all indications that chemical reactions have taken place.A chemical reaction can be detected by bubbling, a change in color, a change in smell, the production of a precipitate, and heat.To learn more about chemical change refer to:
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draw the lewis structure of sf4 showing all lone pairs
The Lewis structure of SF4 consists of one sulfur (S) atom and four fluorine (F) atoms.
Sulphur (S) is in the center and the fluorine (F) atoms are circled .
The Lewis structure of SF4 contains 13 lone pairs and 4 bonding pairs.
Note that in the Lewis structure, the lone pairs are represented by dots and the bonding pairs are simply, double or triple.
So there are 4 bonding pairs in the Lewis structure of SF4, which means there are 8 bonding electrons and 13 lone pairs (1 on the central atom + 3 on each fluoride atom).
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Why is the temperature of the liquid in the flask on the previous page measured when the liquid in the thermometer has stopped rising?.
The temperature of the liquid in the flask on the previous page measured when the liquid in the thermometer has stopped rising to measure confirmed or fixed temperature.
When the liquid in the flask is heated, its temperature rises, and when a thermometer is inserted into the flask to gauge the liquid's temperature, the liquid within the thermometer also begins to warm up.
The temperature of the liquid rises as a result of heat being transferred from a high temperature to a low temperature until the temperatures are equal. Therefore, when the liquid stops rising, both are at the same temperature, and this is how the liquid in the flask is being measured.
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Calculate the ratio of H* ions to OH-ions at a pH = 7.
Find the concentration of H* ions to OH ions listed in
Table B of your Student Guide. Then divide the H*
concentration by the OH concentration. Record this
calculated ratio in Table A of your Student Guide.
Compare your approximated and calculated ratios of H+
ons to OH-ions at a pH = 7. Are they the same? Why or
why not? Record your comparison in Table A.
What is the concentration of H+ ions at a pH = 7?
mol/L
What is the concentration of OH-ions at a pH = 7?
mol/L
What is the ratio of H+ ions to OH-ions at a pH = 7?
:
Please help!! Worth 100 points!!
Neutral pH is 7, thus The H+ and OH- concentrations are therefore equivalent for a pH of 7. Given that the concentrations are equivalent, the ratio is 1.
What is the ratio of H+ ions at a pH 7?The same is true for solutions with pH values of 5, 6, and 7, which each contain 10-5mol/l of hydrogen ions, 10-6mol/l of hydrogen ions, and 10-7mol/l of hydrogen ions, respectively. A pH of 7 is defined as [H+]=10-7.Looking at how many of these ions are present in solutions allows one to calculate the pH or pOH. The solution becomes more acidic as there are more [H+] ions present. The more [OH-] ions there are in a solution, the more basic it becomes.Hydroxide ion molarities more than 1.0107M and hydronium ion molarities less than 1.0107M are considered basic solutions (corresponding to pH values greater than 7.00 and pOH values less than 7.00).To learn more about ratio refer to:
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the specific heat capacity of glass is 0.20 cal/(g°C). If 30 cal of heat is added to an unknown mass of glass, the temperature rises by 150°C. what is the mass of the glass?
The mass of the glass is 1 gram.
What is specific heat capacity?
This refers to the amount of heat in joules (J) absorbed per unit mass (kg) of the material when its temperature rises 1 K (or 1 °C), and its units are J/(kg K) or J/(kg °C).
From the question:
cp= 0.20 cal/(g°C)
T = 150°C
heat added = 30 cal
Solution:To find the mass of the glass, you can use the formula:
mass = heat added / (specific heat capacity x temperature change)
Substituting the given values:
mass = 30 cal
(0.20 cal/(g°C) x 150°C)
mass = 30
(0.20 x 150)
mass = 30
30
mass = 1 g
Hence, the mass of the glass is 1 gram.
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if you have a 97.4 gram sample of magnesium hydroxide how many grams of metal do you have?
The grams of the magnesium metal present is 40.56 g.
What is the mass of the metal?Let us recall that the magnesium hydroxide is composed of two ions and these are the magnesium ions and the hydroxide ions.
Looking at the ions that we have we now would be able to find the number of moles of the compound that we have from the formula;
Number of moles = mass/molar mass
Number of moles = 97.8 g/58 g/mol
= 1.69 moles
The amount of the magnesium ions here is 1.69 moles
Mass of the metal = 1.69 moles * 24 g/mol
= 40.56 g
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explain how the process of measuring a liquid's volume differs from the process of measuring a solid's volume
As the forces of attraction are greater in solids than in liquids , volume of liquids is determined by graduated cylinder while that of solid is obtained by multiplying it's dimensions.
What are forces of attraction?Forces of attraction is a force by which atoms in a molecule combine. it is basically an attractive force in nature. It can act between an ion and an atom as well.It varies for different states of matter that is solids, liquids and gases.
The forces of attraction are maximum in solids as the molecules present in solid are tightly held while it is minimum in gases as the molecules are far apart . The forces of attraction in liquids is intermediate of solids and gases.
The physical properties such as melting point, boiling point, density are all dependent on forces of attraction which exists in the substances.
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Which of these changes is
an example of a chemical
change?
A. cutting a loaf of bread
B. silver tarnishing to form silver oxide
C. mixing nuts, raisins, and candies to
make trail mix
D. knitting a blanket from yarn
knitting a blanket from yarn, burning, cooking, rusting and rotting are examples of chemical changes.
Which of the changes are chemical changes?Burning, frying, rusting, and rotting are a few instances of chemical transformations. The physical transformations of boiling, melting, freezing, and shredding are a few examples. Single replacements, double replacements, synthesis, breakdown, and oxidation are the five categories of chemical transformations. Chemical reactions are another name for a chemical transformation. Chemical changes play a significant role in our lives. Chemical changes result in the formation of all new compounds. For instance, a sequence of chemical changes cause the digestion of food in our bodies, fruit ripening, grape fermentation, etc. Combination, decomposition, single-replacement, double-replacement, and combustion are the five fundamental types of chemical reactions.To learn more about chemical changes refer to:
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Please help
How many moles of O2 are required to generate 12 moles SO2 gas? 2CuFeS2 + 502 → 2Cu + 2FeO + 4SO2 [ ? ] mol O₂ O2
Answer:30 moles of oxygen are required if 12 moles of are consumed.
Explanation:The given balanced equation is:
From this balanced equation, there is 2:5 mol ratio between and .
We are asked to calculate the moles of required to react with 12 moles of .
It's a mol to mol conversion and the set up for this would be as:
=
So, 30 moles of oxygen are required to react with 12 moles of .
how should non-azeotropic refrigerant blends be charged
Every non-azeotropic refrigerant ought to be charged as a liquid. Containers for storing refrigerant that are reusable and have a pressure limit of 15 psig
A non-azeotropic refrigerant is defined as what?With regard to compressor power and coefficient of performance, a non-azeotropic refrigerant combination is offered for use in heat pumps. This mixture is more efficient than currently available refrigerants or their blends.
How do azeotropic and zeotropic differ from one another?The same proportion of the fluid and vapour phases characterizes an azeotropic mixture of chemicals. A mixture of two liquids is essentially what it is. The boiling temperatures of a zeotropic mixture are essentially constant or the same, and the liquid and vapour of the combination have the same chemical make-up.
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What is the total pressure that is exerted by the gases?
The total pressure exerted by gases is known as the total gas pressure or simply the pressure of the gas. It is the sum of the pressures exerted by each individual gas present in a mixture of gases.
The Total Pressure Exerted by The GasesThe total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures exerted by each individual gas present in the mixture. This is due to the fact that each gas in a mixture will exert its own pressure independently of the other gases present.
The pressure exerted by a gas is directly proportional to the number of gas molecules present and the temperature of the gas. According to the kinetic theory of gases, the pressure of a gas is due to the constant random motion of its molecules, which collide with the walls of their container, exerting force on it.
The Ideal gas law which is PV = nRT relates the pressure of a gas to its volume, number of moles of gas present and the temperature of the gas. where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of gas present, R is the gas constant and T is the temperature of the gas.
When we have a mixture of gases, the total pressure exerted by the gases is the sum of the pressures of each individual gas in the mixture. The total pressure of a gas mixture is often measured in units of atmospheres (atm) or pascals (Pa). This is known as the Dalton's Law of partial pressure.
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Exfoliation is a process in ______. A. chemical weathering. B. biological weathering. C. mechanical weathering. D. None of these.
The mechanical procedure of peeling is often referred to as exfoliation. Exfoliation is the term used to describe the process whereby rock sheets gradually separate from exposed rocks along fissures.
A description of mechanical weathering is given here:By using mechanical means, rocks and minerals are broken apart. Their chemical make-up does not alter. A big rock mass can be physically weathered into smaller, more easily moved, and more readily eroded pieces. Even enormous rocks frequently break along weak spots in nature. Exfoliation in metamorphic rocks, joints in huge igneous rocks, and bedding planes in sedimentary rocks are a few of the most typical.
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What mass of oxygen contains the same number of oxygen atoms as nitrogen atoms present in 28.02 g of nitrogen?
As there are [tex]$2.32 \times 10^{-23} \mathrm{~g}$[/tex] nitrogen atoms in 28.02 g of nitrogen, there are the same number of oxygen atoms in the mass of oxygen.
What mass of oxygen contains the same number of molecules?Nitrogen atomic mass [tex]$=14 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mole}$[/tex]
e.g., mass of one mole of [tex]$\mathrm{N}=14 \mathrm{~g}$[/tex]
Contains in 1 mole [tex]$6.022 \times 10^{23}$[/tex] atoms
[tex]$\therefore$[/tex] mass of [tex]$6.022 \times 10^{23}$[/tex] atoms of [tex]$\mathrm{N}=14 \mathrm{~g}$[/tex]
one atom's mass [tex]$\mathrm{N}=\frac{14 \mathrm{~g}}{6.022 \times 10^{23} \text { atoms }}$[/tex]
One N atom has a mass of [tex]$2.32 \times 10^{-23} \mathrm{~g}$[/tex]
Mole of Molecules: One mole is equal to [tex]6.022 \times10^{23}[/tex] molecules, or the molecular mass of one gram of any given substance. As a result, 1 mole of oxygen weighs 32 grams and has [tex]6.022 \times10^{23}[/tex] molecules in it. A mole of water weighs 18 grams and has [tex]6.022 \times10^{23}[/tex] molecules in it.
In 28 g of nitrogen, there are 2 moles. In order to find the number of molecules in one mole of oxygen, we will multiply 9.03 times 10 to the 23 molecules of oxygen, then by the molar mass of oxygen, which is 32.00 g of oxygen. This will give us 48.0 g of oxygen, which has the same number of molecules as one mole. As 42 g
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Cellular isozymes of pyruvate kinase are allosterically inhibited by:
A) high concentrations of AMP.
B) high concentrations of ATP.
C) high concentrations of citrate.
D) low concentrations of acetyl-CoA.
E) low concentrations of ATP.
Cellular isozymes of pyruvate kinase are allosterically inhibited by:
B) high concentrations of ATP.
The cellular isoenzymes kinase are allosterically inhibited by the high concentration of the ATP. The pyruvate kinase, an enzyme that will catalyzes the conversion of the pyruvate and ATP from the phosphoenolpyruvate and the ADP. The cellular isoenzymes is also called as the isozymes.
The pyruvate kinase will catalyzes the last step of the glycolysis. This is important for the generation of the adenosine triphosphate , that is ATP. The four major pyruvate kinase are : muscle M1 , erythrocyte R, the liver L, the ubiquitous M2.
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A violet light has a wavelength of 413 nm. What is the energy of a photon of light with this wavelength?
Answer:
1.0 joules
Explanation:
Violet light has a frequency of 410,000 hertz and an energy of 1.0 joules. Now we can compare the energy of photons of violet light with those of red light. Photons of violet light have more energy than photons of red light.
The SI units for measuring the acceleration of the car:
Answer:
Accelerometer
Explanation:
Accelerometer are use to measure Acceleration
Draw the Lewis structure for the tellurium tetrabromide (TeBr_4)molecule.
Tellurium tetrabromide molecule have one tellurium atom and four Bromine atoms. The bonds are formed by electron sharing and so the bond between them are covalent bonds.
Tellurium tetrabromide is an inorganic compound. Tellurium have 6 valence electrons in its outer shell. Four of these valence electrons bonds to four bromine atoms, which has 7 valence electrons. A single bond is formed between each bromine and tellurium. Tellurium has a remaining lone pair of electrons.
Lewis structure of molecules means the simplest way of depicting all the atoms in a molecule, valence electrons of all molecules and the bonds that are formed. The binds are denoted by lines and electrons by dots.
Tellurium tetrabromide have one tellurium atom covalently bonded to four bromine atoms.
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