Answer:
In biology, a chromosomal mutation is the mutation of the chromosomal segments of the DNA strands. This can occur when the number of chromosomes or chromosome sets (ploidy) increases or decreases in a genome as well as when changes in chromosomes structure occur. Irregularities or accidents when cell division happens as well as during chromosomal crossing over or fertilization can all be causes of chromosomal mutation.
All types of chromosomes can undergo chromosomal mutation. Chromosomal mutation examples include chromosome deletion, duplication, inversion, and translation. These are known to cause different kinds of genetic and chromosomal mutation diseases.
For instance, chromosomal mutations on chromosome 4 have been investigated and proven to be the source of numerous genetic disorders and even cancer in humans. This includes conditions like narcolepsy and Parkinson’s disease.
Cellular respiration extracts energy from food and takes place in the organelle called a:____________
Cellular respiration extracts energy from food and takes place in the organelle called a mitochondria.
It is made up of an outer membrane, an inner membrane, and a gooey matrix inside.
Mitochondria is also known as the "powerhouse". It is also involved in the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation phases of the respiration.
It is an oval-shaped organelle found in most of the eukaryotic cells. Its membranes are specialized for aerobic respiration. As the site of cellular respiration, mitochondria gets to transform molecules such as glucose into energy molecule known as ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
The electron transport chain and most ATP synthesis depends on the compartments created by the inner membrane of the mitochondria.
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Peptidoglycan in the bacterial cell envelope is an ideal target for antibiotics because ______.
Since antibiotics prevent bacterial growth and replication by interfering with the bacterial cell wall, peptidoglycan in the bacterial cell envelope makes a perfect target for them.
One of the antibiotics that attack the bacterial cell wall in order to work is penicillin. The drugs specifically prevent the bacteria from forming peptidoglycan, a substance that provides their cell walls the tenacity they require to survive inside of humans. Simply put, many antibiotics, including vancomycin, which like beta-lactam antibiotics targets the peptidoglycan in the cell wall, are ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria because they do not possess the molecular characteristics required to effectively use these pathways to breach the outer membrane.learn more about Peptidoglycan here: https://brainly.com/question/24180542
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Newborns are born with innate abilities to aid in their survival. _____ is an example of an innate ability.
Newborns are born with innate abilities to aid in their survival. Crying is an example of an innate ability.
Innate can be described as something that is in you from the time of birth and you don't have to acquire it in one lifetime. It is like an inbuilt feature of newborns.
Newborns are usually referred from birth to 2 months and they are very delicate in this period as they are exposed to a lot of external environment components and stimuli along with the human reactions towards them and their body and mind slowly learn to respond to them accordingly.
for example, we make weird faces in front of kinds which make them happy, sometimes even a normal activity makes them laugh aloud, walking, swinging, a quick round makes them feel good. Similarly, sometimes they may not like these activities and cry or do not even react to some other.
These reactions by newborns are inbuilt and we don't teach them these. They understand the things happening in their surroundings and respond to them according to their comfort.
Newborns don't have to learn to laugh and cry thus, these reactions are considered innate which is a part of our biological system that is done by the child on his own.
A baby cries immediately after birth. We don't have to teach him to cry that is why crying is considered the first language of babies.
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A selectively permeable membrane sac filled with water and large molecules of starch is suspended in a beaker of distilled water. what will happen?
A selective permeable membrane sac filled with water and large molecules of starch is suspended in a break of distilled water then water will enter into the sack and it will swell.
This is the process of osmosis in which movement of water molecules form a solution with high concentration to lower concentration till the equilibrium attain. Starch does not pass through thee selectively permeable membrane.Water moves from outside if the cell to the inside leading to swelling of cells.
Small molecules diffuse faster than larger molecules through a membrane. The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute.
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Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-immunoreactive (IR) axon varicosities target a subset of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)-IR neurons in the human hypothalamus
It is well accepted that one of the key causes stifling growth is stress.
Previous research has shown that the catecholaminergic and neuropeptide Y (NPY) systems, which are involved in the activation of stress-related neural circuits, regulate growth hormone (GH) release through altering GHRH production.
Catecholaminergic and NPY-immunoreactive (IR) axon varicosities do, in fact, abut the surface of GHRH neurons, creating connections. These juxtapositions appear to be actual synapses and might be the morphological foundation of stress's influence on development.
Aside from catecholamines and NPY, there is a large body of evidence suggesting corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a significant stress hormone, regulates GH secretion.
The architecture of these CRH-GHRH juxtapositions shows that, among other neurotransmitters/neuromodulators, CRH regulates development via direct synaptic processes via influencing hypothalamic GHRH production.
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The _______________ finned fish have strong fleshy limbs supported by strong bones that are attached to the body.
Answer:
Lobe finned fish
Explanation:
Glycolysis requires an initial energy investment, which allows for the production of relatively larger quantities of atp during?
Glycolysis requires an initial energy investment, which allows for the production of relatively larger quantities of ATP during Substrate-level phosphorylation
The process of glycolysis starts with a single glucose molecule, which has a six-carbon ring structure, and finishes with two molecules of pyruvate, a three-carbon sugar. Two separate phases of glycolysis exist. Energy is utilized to alter the first step of the glycolysis process so that the six-carbon sugar molecule can divide equally into two three-carbon pyruvate molecules. ATP and nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NADH) are created during the second phase of glycolysis.Substrate-level phosphorylation is the direct transfer of a high-energy phosphate group from a phosphorylated intermediate metabolic molecule in an exergonic catabolic pathway, which results in the generation of ATP from ADP.learn more about glycolysis here:
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Which metabolic pathway requires a proton gradient?
a. the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl coa .
b. the citric acid cycle.
c. oxidative phosphorylation.
d. glycolysis fermentation.
Oxidative phosphorylation requires a proton gradient.
Cells use enzymes to oxidize foods in the metabolic pathway known as oxidative phosphorylation, electron transport-linked phosphorylation, or terminal oxidation, which releases chemical energy to create adenosine triphosphate. This happens inside mitochondria in eukaryotes. The majority of the energy required for biosynthesis, maintaining a healthy ion balance, and mechanical effort is provided by oxidative phosphorylation, which is the principal source of ATP in higher animals.A succession of proteins and electron carriers in the mitochondrial membrane, as well as the electron transport chain, are all involved in the process of oxidative phosphorylation.learn more about Oxidative phosphorylation here: https://brainly.com/question/13254827
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Synaptic potentials that do not depolarize membrane potential enough to reach threshold are known as ______.
Synaptic potentials that do not depolarize membrane potential enough to reach threshold are known as hyperpolarization.
Electrical signals that travel from one region of the nervous system to another define it. The signal must move along an axon, regardless of how close together or how far apart those locations are. The carefully regulated ion distribution across the membrane forms the foundation of the electrical signal. In a resting state, the membrane has stable Na+ and K+ concentrations on each side.
A stimulus will cause the membrane to depolarize, and voltage-gated channels will cause the membrane to depolarize even more before repolarizing. Action potentials finish with a slight overshoot of hyperpolarization.
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A sheet of muscles covering the back of the shoulders that aids in shoulder shrugs is called the:_______
A sheet of muscles covering the back of the shoulders that aids in shoulder shrugs are called the Trapezius muscles.
The muscle known as the trapezius muscles runs from the base of the neck to the middle of the back, passing through the shoulders. You may move your head, neck, arms, shoulders, and torso with the aid of the trapezius muscle.
Additionally, it supports spinal stability and improves posture. The traps may be impacted by muscle strains, which can hurt and limit movement. Both posture and mobility are controlled by the trapezius muscles.
It enables you to turn and tilt your head in all directions. When you lift your arm or throw a ball, the trapezius muscle controls your scapula (shoulder blade).
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which of the following correctly states the proximal and distal attachments of the sternocleidomastoid
The following which correctly states the proximal and distal attachments of the sternocleidomastoid include:
Sternal manubrium and medial one-third of clavicleMastoid process and lateral half of superior nuchal line.What is Sternocleidomastoid?This is also known as musculus sternocleidomastoideus and is the superficial muscle present in the neck region. This thick and narrow muscle is also solely responsible for the division of the neck into what is referred to as anterior and posterior triangles.
The proximal and distal attachment of this muscle can be seen in the sternal manubrium and mastoid process and are responsible for certain actions such as rotation of the head etc.
This is therefore the reason why the aforelisted was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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How does oxygen binding change the quaternary structure of hemoglobin?
Answer: Oxygen binding causes a change in the quaternary structure of hemoglobin where hemoglobin changes quaternary structure from the T (tense) state that has a low affinity of oxygen to the R (relaxed) state that has a higher affinity of oxygen.
Explanation:
The image below shows the distribution of members of a population. What type of distribution is shown?
A) Uniform
B) Clumped
C) Random
D) Irregular
The population distribution shown in the image is uniform.
What is uniform distribution?A population is said to be uniformly distributed when members of the population are uniformly distributed over the total area available for the population.
In the image, individuals in the population are more or less at an equal distance from one another and cover the entire area available to the population.
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Neural impulses are propogated down the axon by the movement of ions along the cell membrane. Specifically, ___________________ moves in and ________________ moves out of the cell.
The nerve impulse through the neuron is also called an action potential. The sodium ions move into the cell and the potassium ions leave the cell at action potential.
Conduction of nerve impulses:
The transmission of signals from one end of the neuron to another neuron is called nerve impulse conduction. The positive charges are inside the cell and the negative on the outside. There are three phases of an electric impulse: depolarization, overshoot, and repolarisation. The resting potential of the membrane is -70mV. During the depolarization phase, the membrane is depolarized and the sodium ions move into the cell and the potassium ions move outside the cell. The impulse is transmitted from the axon of the neuron with the release of neurotransmitters from the vesicles. These vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane and release the neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft which then bind to the receptors on the dendrites of another neuron leading to the conduction of nerve impulses.
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. Imagine that you are a doctor in a maternity ward. During your last shift, 20 babies were born. 10 had blue eyes, and 10 had brown eyes. Remember genotypes are the two alleles given for each trait, written with a letter. For this activity B
The potential genotypes for newborns with brown eyes are BB and Bb, whereas the potential genotype for newborns with blue eyes is bb.
According to the information provided above, b = allele for blue eyes is recessive while B = allele for brown eyes is dominant. A recessive allele is one that cannot express itself in the presence of a dominant allele, while a dominant allele conceals the effect of a recessive allele. A dominant allele expresses itself in the presence of a recessive allele. While a dominant allele can express itself in both a homozygous and heterozygous state, a recessive allele can only do so. Therefore, newborns with brown eyes will have two genotype options: BB and Bb, whereas those with blue eyes will only have one.Learn more about genotype
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Which one of the following is an advantage of having production facilities to manufacture athletic footwear in all four geographic regions
Increased ability to lower expenditures for shipping/freight costs from the company's production operations to distribution centers in the various regions is the advantage of having production facilities to manufacture athletic footwear in all four geographic regions.
What is Manufacturing?This is the process in which goods are created and involves the processing of raw materials into finished products through the use of labor and other forms of technology thereby making it easier.
Having production facilities in the four geographic regions means that it needs to ship fewer pairs of footwear from production facilities in one region to distribution centers in a different region from time to time. This is because running out of stock in one location will require appropriate distribution of the footwear to those areas.
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What is the second greatest color of light chlorophyll A absorbs?
Answer: Chlorophyll a absorbs violet and orange light the most. Chlorophyll b absorbs mostly blue and yellow light.
Explanation: They both also absorb light of other wavelengths with less intensity.
thick mucous gland secretions, elevated sweat electrolytes, meconium ileus, and diffculty maintaining and gaining weight are associated with which autosomal recessive disorder
thick mucous gland secretions, elevated sweat electrolytes, meconium ileus, and difficulty maintaining and gaining weight are associated with which autosomal recessive disorder Cystic fibrosis.
What is cystic fibrosis?The lungs, digestive system, and other body organs are severely harmed by cystic fibrosis (CF), a genetic condition. The cells that make mucus, perspiration, and digestive fluids are impacted by cystic fibrosis. Normally, these produced fluids are slick and thin.It is brought on by a gene defect that interferes with how salt and water enter and exit cells. This can lead to a build-up of thick, sticky mucus in the body's tubes and passages, particularly the lungs and digestive system, along with recurrent infections.As a result of cystic fibrosis, the lungs, pancreas, and intestines get clogged with thick mucus.
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What are the phases of mitosis?
For revision notes
Answer:
Interphase: The first phase in mitosis can be split up into G (growth) and S (synthesis) phases. In the first G phase, the cell increases in size. DNA is synthesized here (to synthesize is to produce a substance by a chemical reaction). Once this happens, the cell undergoes the G2 phase where there is more cell growth and proteins are produced.
Prophase.
1) Preprophase:
In plant cells only, the cell remains where it is and the nucleus moves around the cell before the start of mitosis through the formation of a phragmosome. In this formation, pre-prophase is the formation of microtubules ring and pre-prophase band under the plasma membrane.
2) Prophase:
A lot of things happen here. The DNA, RNA and proteins combined together - chromatin - merge into chromosomes which are held together by a centromere. Spindle fibers as well as microtubles are then formed in the cytoplasm and the cells organelles eventually migrate to opposite sides of the cell. As prophase continues, the cell nucleus membrane breaks up and the chromosomes move towards the center of the cell.
3. Prometaphase:
This is the end of prophase and an early stage of metaphase. The nuclear membrane breaks up. In addition, the microtubules occupy the nuclear space. Each chromosome forms two kinetochores.
Metaphase
During metaphase the chromosomes line up at the center of the cell along a metaphase plate, exactly in the middle of the cell where it is equidistant from each spindle pole. The chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate randomly until they eventually attach to each other.
Anaphase
The attached chromosomes break apart and move to the opposite ends of the cell. Once there, the “daughter” chromosomes split apart forming single chromatids again.
Telophase
In telophase, the chromosomes then become sectioned off into new nuclei and daughter cells. These nuclei develop nuclear envelopes and mitosis is basically complete with two new daughter cells. The daughter cells are formed with genetic information passed on from the parent cell.
Cytokinesis
The final step, cytokinesis actually takes place near the end of telophase where the two daughter cells now formed split apart into individual cells.
This is a separate process from telophase that begins at the same time as the telophase.
Hope this makes sense. Feel free to ask further for any info.
- profparis
As compared to the neanderthals, middle stone age fossil humans found in africa reflect more:______
As com[pared to the neanderthals, middle stone age fossil humans founs in Africa reflect more Similarities with homo erectus.
Neanderthals and modern human differentiate by the measurement of our brain-case and pelvic shape can reliably separate both. Three tiny bones of our middle ear , vital in hearing, can be readily distinguished both .
Modern human and Neanderthals both shared a common ancestors roughly half a million year ago.They both are split an devolve in parallel- human in Africa , Neanderthals on Eurasian continent.Neanderthals are an extinct species of ancient humans. We are not evolved from neanderthals, they are our most recent relatives.
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The ______ collects the urine produced by a single kidney lobe
Answer:
minor calyx
Explanation:
What type of organism harvests energy to build organic molecules that support animals, fungi, and all the other levels of a food web
Primary producer type of organism harvests energy to build organic molecules that support animals, fungi, and all the other levels of a food web.
What is primary producer?The only organisms that can harvest energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to create food are plants, some algae, and specific bacteria.With some plants releasing seeds that only germinate after a fierce fire, the chaparral vegetation is predominately made up of shrubs and is adapted to recurrent fires.Autotrophs include algae, plants, certain bacteria, and fungi. Autotrophs are the food chain's producers because they make their own energy and nutrients. Like the majority of autotrophs, kelp produces energy through a process known as photosynthesis.All fungi are heterotrophic, which means they draw their energy from other living things.Learn more about organism here:
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Gestures and body postures that are an important part of nonverbal communication are:_______
Gestures and body postures that are an important part of nonverbal communication are: Facial expressions, gestures, and movements of the body.
Nonverbal communication is the exchange of messages or signals through nonverbal cues including body language, gestures, and nonverbal cues like eye contact and facial expressions. It makes use of kinesics, distance, physical environments/appearance, voice, and touch in addition to social cues.The exchange of information through body language, gestures, facial emotions, created space, and other nonverbal cues is known as nonverbal communication. For instance, smiling at someone when you first meet them communicates warmth, acceptance, and openness.Whether they are aware of it or not, everyone uses nonverbal communication all the time.Face expressions, gestures, paralinguistics including volume and tone of voice, body language, proxemics or personal space, eye contact, haptics (touch), appearance, and artifacts are all examples of nonverbal communication.learn more about Nonverbal communication here : https://brainly.com/question/5428379
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Which statement best describes how Nixon’s resignation speech and the Washington Post article on the resignation address the same subject in different ways?
A. In the speech, President Nixon describes the views of his family, friends, and staff, but the article does not include any information about those people’s feelings or beliefs.
B. While the article focuses only on the immediate events, the speech presents Nixon’s resignation within a broader context of world history.
C. The speech is intended to present President Nixon in the best possible way, while the article offers a neutral presentation of President Nixon.
D. The article offers a specific year-by-year list of President Nixon’s accomplishments during his presidency, while the speech focuses solely on what happened in his last year in office.
The speech is intended to present President Nixon in the best possible way, while the article offers a neutral presentation of President Nixon. Option C
Why did Nixon resign?Nixon was forced to resign because he was indicted by house committee that accused him of obstructing the course of justice and holding the congress in contempt.
The statement best describes how Nixon’s resignation speech and the Washington Post article on the resignation address the same subject in different ways is; "The speech is intended to present President Nixon in the best possible way, while the article offers a neutral presentation of President Nixon." Option C
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In double-stranded dna, the phosphate groups are found on the _______ of the helix and the bases are found on the _________.
Answer:
The backbone of the helix attached to the sugar, in between the Deoxyribose sugar
Explanation:
Two strands of DNA form a twisted ladder-like structure by wrapping around one another. The deoxyribose and phosphate units that make up the backbone of each strand alternate in direction. Adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (G) are the four bases that are joined to each sugar (T).
Which of the following describes the PHOTIC ZONE of the open ocean?
A. the shallowest part of the ocean where there is enough light to support plant life
B. the part of the ocean that CANNOT support photosynthesis
C. the darkest part of the ocean, where NO light can penetrate
Photic Zone of the open ocean is the shallowest part of the ocean where there is enough light to support plant life.
Therefore, the correct answer is Option A.
What is Photic Zone?Photic zone forms the top layer found near the surface of the ocean.It is also called the sunlight layer as it allows sunlight to penetrate which allows the organisms present in this layer to photosynthesize.In oceans, the photic zone may be as deep as 200 meters.Because of the availability of sunlight, many life forms are present in this zone like turtles, sharks, jellyfish, corals, phytoplanktons, zooplanktons etc.Below the photic zone is present the Disphotic zone or twilight layer where only small amount of light penetrates.Further below is the darkness or aphotic zone where there is no light. This forms about 90% of the ocean.Learn more about the photic zone here:
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The rectus abdominis is a __________ muscle, while the rectus femoris is a __________ muscle.
The rectus abdominis is a Parallel muscle, while the rectus femoris is a bipennate muscle.
Rectus abdominisThe long muscle of the anterior abdominal wall is the rectus abdominis, most commonly referred to as the "abs muscle." It is readily apparent beneath the skin, forming the "six pack," in people with low body fat. It reaches all the way to the pubic bone from the rib cage. Together with the pyramidalis muscle, the rectus abdominis is a member of the anterior abdominal muscles. However, when considering the functional architecture, these two muscles together with the three lateral abdominal muscles—the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis—make up the anterolateral abdominal wall. The rectus sheath, which is made up of the aponeuroses of the lateral abdominal muscles, surrounds and protects the rectus abdominis muscle. The linea semilunaris is the outside, most lateral line defining the rectus.
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PLS HELP I CANT FAIL THIS
The chart shows four stages of demographic transition. Which situation best
describes the industrial stage (Stage 3)?
Rate per 1000
40
30
20
10
0
Stage 1
Preindustrial
stage
-
Stage 2
Transitional
stage
Total population
-
Stage 3
Industrial
stage
Death rate
A. High and stable total population
B. High birthrate and death rate
OC. Exponentially increasing death rate
D. Sharply dropping birthrate
The chart shows four stages of demographic transition, and the situation that best explains the industrial stage (Stage 3) is the sharply dropping birth rate that is in Option D. Option D is correct regarding the industrial stage.
What is the reason for the population increase?The population increase or decrease depends upon the resources that are available for population growth, such as food, a place to live, etc., and if all these are present in abundance, then an increase in population growth is seen. Because there were not all of the resources available at the early time, such as proper food, sanitation, a place to live, and so on, population growth was slow. However, due to the development of the industrial sectors and improved living conditions, population growth is seen with a decrease in the death rate.
Hence, the situation that best explains the industrial stage (Stage 3) is the sharply dropping birth rate in Option D. Option D is correct regarding the industrial stage.
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What are the biggest advantages of natural gas as a fuel source?
Due to its cleaner combustion, natural gas is the most environmentally safe fossil fuel. Natural gas doesn't have as many toxic combustion byproducts as other fossil fuels.
Natural gas is adaptable. Starting and stopping a gas-fired power plant is substantially faster than one that burns coal. Due to its flexibility, it complements renewable energy sources like solar and wind, which are only usable when the sun is out and the wind is blowing.When burned to produce power, natural gas is the cleanest-burning hydrocarbon, releasing about half as much carbon dioxide (CO2) and only one-tenth as much air pollutants as coal. By switching to natural gas from coal, there is a significant opportunity to cut CO2 emissions and air pollution in the near future.Because Natural gas is now so widely accessible through LNG, it can assist nations in coping with short-term supply interruptions.learn more about Natural gas here: https://brainly.com/question/4677279
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What is the process of turning water into ice known as?
The process of turning water into ice is known as Condensation.
Condensation converts a substance from a gaseous state to a liquid form, frequently with a reduction in volume. It happens when a gas or vapour comes into touch with a surface that radiates heat, causing the gas or vapour to cool and solidify. Ice is the solidified version of water, which is a liquid. Condensation is the process by which water changes from the liquid phase (which is water) to the solid phase (which is ice).
Hence, The process of turning water into ice is known as Condensation.
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