Paragraph 2:
1. What cases refer to student rights in school?
2. What was the decision made in Tinker vs. Des Moines?
3. What was the decision made in Hazelwood vs. Kuhlmeier?
Paragraph 3:
1. What cases refer to rights of the accused?
2. What was the decision made in Gideon vs. Wainwright?
3. What was the decision made in Miranda vs. Arizona?
4. What was the decision made in In Re Gault?
Paragraph 4:
1. What cases refer to rights of citizens found in the 14th amendment?
2. What decision refer to Plessy vs. Ferguson?
3. What cases overturns Plessy vs. Ferguson?
4. What was the decision made in Brown vs. Board of Education?
Paragraph 5:
1. What Presidential cases has the Supreme Court reviewed?
2. What was the decision made in United States vs. Nixon?
3. What was the decision made in Bush vs. Gore?

Answer:

A presidency is an administration or the executive, the collective administrative and governmental entity that exists around an office of president of a state or nation.

Example : the office of president

Answer:

I do not agree with the decision of the case. The "separate but equal" was a lie. The blacks were still separate, and not equal at all.  

Resources- DO NOT COPY AND PASTE PLEASE:

Essential Question of the Case:

Is Louisiana's law requiring racial segregation on its trains an unconstitutional violation of the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?

 

Background

In 1890, Louisiana passed a law called the Separate Car Act. This law said that railroad companies must provide separate but equal train cars for whites and blacks. Blacks had to sit with blacks and whites had to sit with whites. This act of separating people based on race is called segregation. Anyone who broke this law would have to pay a $25 fine or go to jail for 20 days.

 

Two groups of people wanted to challenge the constitutionality of the Separate Car Act. A group of black citizens who raised money to reverse the law worked together with the East Louisiana Railroad Company, which sought to end the Act mainly because of business and money reasons. They chose a 30-year-old shoemaker named Homer Plessy, a U.S. citizen who was one-eighth black and a Louisiana resident. On June 7, 1892, Plessy purchased a first-class ticket from New Orleans to Covington, Louisiana and sat in the railroad car for "White" passengers. The railroad officials knew Plessy was coming and arrested him for violating the Separate Car Act.

 

Plessy argued in court that the Separate Car Act violated the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution. The Thirteenth Amendment banned slavery and the Fourteenth Amendment requires that the government treat people equally. John Howard Ferguson, the judge hearing the case, had stated in a previous court decision that the Separate Car Act was unconstitutional if applied to trains running outside of Louisiana. In this case, however, he declared that the law was constitutional for trains running within the state and found Plessy guilty. Plessy appealed the case to the Louisiana State Supreme Court, which agreed that the Louisiana law was constitutional. Plessy then took his case, Plessy v. Ferguson, to the U.S. Supreme Court.

 

Constitutional Principles Related to the Case

 

Landmark U.S. Supreme Court Case Study

Plessy v. Ferguson | 1896 | Page Two

Decision & Impact

In a 7-1 decision, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Ferguson.  The majority rejected Plessy’s Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendment arguments and instead agreed with the idea of “separate but equal.”  

 

The majority, in an opinion written by Associate Justice Henry Billings Brown, supported state based racial segregation. The justices based their decision on the idea of “separate but equal;” that separate facilities for blacks and whites did not conflict with the Fourteenth Amendment as long as they were equal. (The phrase, "separate but equal" was not part of the opinion.)

 

Justice Brown agreed that the 14th amendment intended to establish absolute equality for the races before the law. He identified that the purpose of the Fourteenth Amendment as “enforce[ing] the absolute equality of the two races before the law,” but then argued that “it could not have been intended to abolish [end] distinctions based upon color, or to enforce social…equality.”  According to the Court, the Fourteenth Amendment was only concerned with legal equality, the idea that everyone is equal in the eyes of the law.    

 

Separate but equal is based on the idea that the facilities are kept in equal condition. However, this was not generally the case. The Plessy v. Ferguson decision impacted public institutions immediately. For example, education funding was often much less for African American schools, than for white schools. TThe Plessy v. Ferguson decision greatly impacted society. The idea of “separate but equal” led to racial segregation and states began creating “separate but equal” spaces in public places. his decision led to places in society that were separate, but not equal.

1. Time-consuming reporting demands limit officer visibility

Law enforcement officials recognize and respect the role accurate documentation plays in their job, but today’s reporting processes can be unproductive and labor-intensive. According to a recent national survey of police departments, almost 40% of officers revealed that incident reporting and other documentation tasks can take 3-4 hours to complete, resulting in a quarter of their day dedicated solely to paperwork. This is time officers can’t put toward protecting the communities they serve and can radically limit their visibility. For this reason, many departments attending conferences like IACP will be looking at the new tools available that can help reduce administrative burdens and get officers back to what matters most – protecting and serving the community.

2. Choosing between speed and accuracy

Police paperwork is integral to moving court proceedings along, and can even determine criminal convictions. As such, it’s crucial that police reports and other documents related to proceedings are completed not only quickly, but accurately. As transparency in policing has become a bigger priority in recent years, reporting carries even more importance. The question facing officers, then, is how do they document time-sensitive information, where each detail holds significance, without sacrificing speed or specificity? More and more departments are relying on new solutions, such as voice-powered speech recognition tools, to help officers dictate information in real-time, while the details are still fresh in their mind, resulting in more thorough, accurate reports.

3. Outdated systems lead to officer safety issues and poor ergonomics

In the survey, just over half of the respondents cited dissatisfaction with legacy Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD) and Records Management Systems (RMS) and expressed interest in new solutions to help. Outdated interfaces make these systems difficult to use, plus the effort to navigate them can even cause physical discomfort; hunched over in their patrol cars, officers must twist and turn to type and search for data, often resulting in lower back, wrist and neck pain. More seriously, when officers are operating these systems, they’re forfeiting their situational awareness by being heads-down and not connected to their surroundings, making them more vulnerable to ambush attacks or accidents. It’s not surprising then that many departments continually seek solutions that will help improve safety and not hamper it.

4. Siloed technology delays the sharing of mission-critical information

Current police reporting tools need to be overhauled and innovated. Legacy CAD/RMS systems are siloed, making it a challenge to connect officers and their command staff to vital details. In emergency situations when lives are on the line, this information cannot be held up. Incorporating intelligent voice-powered technologies, like Dragon Law Enforcement, for instance, make it not only more convenient and faster to help search for and document mission-critical information, but for public safety officials, who need to spend the majority of their time attuned with their surroundings, it’s also safer. They can capture, document and share information within the CAD/RMS by voice, all while staying heads-up and situationally aware.

Clearly, officers face many challenges in doing their jobs day-to-day and helping to keep communities safe. Police paperwork shouldn’t be one of them.

oxycodone is a narcotic

Answer:

Economics is the study of the products that are used up. These products include food, water, and health products.  

If you don’t have a budget, you don’t have a plan
Like Thomas Jefferson once said, “never spend your money before you have it”.
Budgeting is important because it keeps you on track but also gives you a goal if you want to expand your budget...
Hope this helped?
Brainliest? Maybe... please..?

The disadvantage of not having a budget include a dearth of savings, diminished financial stability, reckless spending, a greater chance of incurring debt, and increased financial worry.

What do you mean by budget?

In a budget, planned expenses are expressed along with suggestions for how to fund them.

A budget can show a surplus of resources for later use or a shortfall where expenses are greater than revenue or other resources.

All of your financial objectives are solely speculative without a budget. The first step in setting aside money for the significant items you need to save for is to create a budget.

Therefore, the disadvantage of not having a budget include a dearth of savings, diminished financial stability, reckless spending, a greater chance of incurring debt, and increased financial worry.

To know more about the budget, visit:

https://brainly.com/question/15683430

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Answer: constitutions state and federal...

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

Anuradha Koirala (born 14 April 1949) is a Nepalese social activist and the founder of Maiti Nepal – a non-profit organization in Nepal, dedicated to helping victims of sex trafficking.