Petroleum is a mixture of many alkanes. The alkanes are separated and purified at oil refineries. What process decribes what happens in an oil refinery?

Answer: Yes, the cells of a plant can vary depending on the type of plant.

Explanation: All plants are made up of cells, which are the basic building blocks of life. These cells are organized into tissues and organs, which work together to allow the plant to perform functions such as photosynthesis and reproduction. However, different types of plants have evolved to have specific adaptations in their cells to suit their environment, for example, cactus have thick walls to survive in dry conditions and moss have small cells to absorb water quickly. As a result, the structure and function of plant cells can differ between different species of plants.

The average velocity of a tectonic plate that has travelled 9000 km to the south in 60 million years is 0.15 m/y.

Average velocity can be obtained by dividing the total which is displacement travelled by the total time taken to cover the displacement. Average velocity can be positive or negative it depends upon the sign of the displacement. SI unit of average velocity can be expressed in meters per second (m/s).

Total displacement = 9000 km

9000 × 1000 = 9000000 m

Total time = 60 million years  

60000000 years  

Ave. Velocity = Total displacement / total time

Ave. Velocity = 9000000 / 60000000

Ave. Velocity = 0.15 m/y

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The process is this balanced equation is I₂ + I⁻ = I⁻₃. Molecules of elemental iodine are consist of two atoms of iodine.

Iodine is highly stable halogen. The chemical element iodine have an atomic number 53. The symbol of iodine is "I". It is present in halogen group.

An iodine atom formed by gaining an electron due to its high electron affinity. When it accepts an electron it will become iodide ion (I⁻).

Thus, The process is this balanced equation is I₂ + I⁻ = I⁻₃. Molecules of elemental iodine are consist of two atoms of iodine.

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The number of moles of fluorine atoms are in 5.50 moles of Freon is 11 moles.

The mole is the amount of a substance that contains exactly as many molecules, atoms, radicals, ions, or electrons as there are in 12 grams of 12C.

The moles of atoms of an element present in a compound is obtained from the formula of the compound.
The moles of fluorine atoms present in 5.50 moles of Freon (CCl₂F₂) is obtained as follows:

From the formula of Freon, there are 2 moles of fluorine atoms in 1 mole of Freon.

In 5.50 moles of Freon, there will be 5.5 * 2 moles of fluorine = 11 moles of fluorine atoms.

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The equations of vapor pressure are :

The colligative properties of the solutions , depend upon the concentration of the solute and not depend of the identity of solute.

The vapor pressure equations are given as :

1) The P° solvent is the pure solvent, X solvent is the mole fraction of the solvent. The equation is given as :

2) The P° solute is the pure solute and the X solute is the mole fraction of the solute. The equation is :

3)  X solvent + X solute = 1 , the equation is :

4) ΔP =  P° solvent - P solvent = X solute × P° solvent

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If the following elements are arranged by increasing atomic radius (from smallest to largest); F, B, Be, O, the correct order would be...F<O<B<Be.

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Answer:

oxides

Explanation:

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Stereoisomers are isomers formed by the spacial arrangement of atoms. There are mainly two types of stereoisomers, they are enantiomers, which  are the mirror images and diastereomers.

The cis and trans isomerism is a type of configurational isomerism. Cis means on the same side and trans means on the different side. In this case it indicates different planes. In theory we can rotate the atoms between cis and trans configuration, but in real world such a change would not happen, because this process require energy.

In the case of 1,2- Dichlorocyclohexane, there are three stereoisomers. There is one cis and two trans isomers. The three isomers are

R-S and S-R isomers are interchangeable because they form superimposable mirror images.

So there are three stereoisomers in the case of 1,2 Dichlorocyclohexane.

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Crystal solid is a solid whose atoms, ions or molecules are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern.

Atoms, ions, and molecules are grouped in a highly ordered microscopic arrangement in repeated and consistent three-dimensional formations to create a crystal lattice, which can stretch in any direction.

A crystal structure is a type of solid state of matter that varies from liquid and gaseous states of matter in which the organization of atoms or molecules is random or haphazard. It is an organized arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a regular repeating pattern.

Triclinic, monoclinic, orthorhombic, tetragonal, trigonal, hexagonal, and cubic crystal formations are also available. Groupings of lattices and lines identify a family of crystals.

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atomic weight of H2O=18

atomic weight of methanol=32

mole =gram weight/atomic weight

mole of H2O = 18/18=1

mole of CH3OH =32/32=1

mole fraction of H2O = mole of H2O/mole of H2O+mole of CH3OH

mole fraction of H2O=1/1+1=1/2=0.5

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The object with fixed volume and shape is a solid. When it converts to liquid, it miss the shape but still have a definite volume. Thus, the given phase transition is solid to liquid.

The transition of one state of matter to the other is called phase transition. For example the transition from liquid to solid or solid to gas etc. are phase transitions. Phase transitions are physical changes.

In solid state, the particles are closely packed with strong intermolecular forces. Thus, they have a definite shape and size. In liquid phase, the molecules have some space to move and they lack a perfect shape and assume the shape of the container.

The molecules in gas phase, are far apart and they don't have a shape and volume. Therefore, the given transition is from solid to liquid. Hence, option c is correct.

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As a gas condenses to a liquid it releases the thermal energy it absorbed to become a gas. During this process the temperature of the substance does not change.

Energy changes  is the process of changing energy from one form to another.

Energy is used to break bonds in reactants and energy is released when new bonds form in products. Energy may change form during a chemical reaction but the same amount of energy remains after the reaction as before. The law of conservation of energy states that matter cannot be created or destroyed.

Therefore, the conversion of one form of energy into another is energy changes.

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A conjugated diene and an alkene (dienophile) react to generate unsaturated six-membered rings in the Diels-Alder reaction. The reaction is also known as a "cycloaddition" because it results in the production of a cyclic product via a cyclic transition state.

Bicyclic structures with substituents in the endo position are more likely to arise during Diels-Alder reactions involving cyclic dienes. Diels-Alder reactions can only occur in conjugated dienes with the s-cis structure. A diene cannot conduct a Diels-Alder reaction if it is not conjugated or cannot be in the s-cis configuration. Ring-bound dienes are unable to spin and are thus locked in either an s-cis or an s-trans conformation.

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The grams of ammonia (NH₃) can be produced from the reaction of 28 grams of nitrogen gas with an excess of hydrogen gas is 34 g.

The reaction is given as :

3H₂  +   N₂  ---->  2NH₃

The mass of the Nitrogen gas = 28 g

Moles of the  N₂  = mass / molar mass

                            = 28 / 28 g/mol

                            = 1 mol

The 1 mole of the  N₂ produces the 2 moles of the NH₃

Therefore , the moles of the NH₃ = 1 × 2

                                                       = 2 mol

The mass of the ammonia, NH₃ = moles × molar mass

                                                     = 2 × 17

                                                     = 34 g

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The correct answer is 2.03×1/10² mol

500 cm³ = 0.5 L,760 mm of Hg=1 atm.

Now apply the ideal gas law, n= PV/RT

​n= 1×0.5/ 0.0821×300

⟹n=2.03×10 ^−2 mol

What is the ideal gas law?

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A sample of ammonium phosphate, (NH4)3PO4 contains 18 moles of hydrogen atoms.

Ammonium phosphate is NH4PO4, in one particle of this, they are 4 hydrogen atoms. 1 mole = 6.022x10^23 atoms/molecules (Avogadro's constant). So, 2 moles of hydrogen in 1 mole of H2O. One mole of Water is collected from 1 mole of Oxygen and two moles of Hydrogen.

By this definition, one mole of hydrogen is 2.016 grams, one mole of methane is 16.043 grams, and one mole of water is 18.015 grams. n one mole of hydrogen atoms, there exist roughly 6.02⋅1023 hydrogen atoms. Use the mass of the hydrogen gas to compute the gas moles directly; divide the hydrogen weight by its molar mass of 2 g/mole. For instance, 250 grams (g) of hydrogen gas corresponds

So we can conclude that There are 2 moles of hydrogen in 1 mole of water.

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Every time a magnet was placed close to cathode rays, the same kind of bend occurred.

Describe cathode rays.

cathode ray, a stream of electrons exiting the cathode of a discharge tube that contains a gas at reduced pressure, or electrons released by a filament in some electron tubes.

What makes it a cathode?

Positively charged ions called cations give rise to cathodes, while anions give rise to anodes (negatively charged ions). The cathode is indeed the negative charges electrode in an electrically powered device.

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Answer:

1232 g of carbon dioxide are formed

Explanation:

As octane is being burned it would be combustion reaction.

writing the balanced equation:

C8H18 + 25/2 O2 →  9 H2O + 8 CO2

now stepping up mole ratio from the balanced equation:

                   moles of octane    :      moles of carbon dioxide

                               1                  :                    8

                                3.5             :                    X

X = 3.5 x 8 = 28

therefore when 3.5 moles of octane are burned in air 28 moles of carbon dioxide are evolved.

now in order to calculate the mass of CO2 formed

molar mass of CO2 = 12 + (16 x 2) = 44g

now calculating the mass of 28 moles:

                          moles : mass

                              1      : 44 g

                              28  :   X

X = 28 x 44 = 1232 g

1232 g of CO2 are formed

The mass of the unknown isotope is 16.8.

Let us know that the relative atomic mass would be the weighted average of all the atomic masses of the elements that we have in the question as it has been stated.

Now we can see that we need to collect the masses of all the isotopes because;

Relative atomic mass = Weighted sum of the masses of all the isotopes

Thus;

13.5 = (0.6 * 12.8) + (0.3 * 13.8) + (0.1 *  x)

x = mass of the unknown isotope

x = 13.5 - (7.68 + 4.14)/0.1

x = 16.8

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The size of the human population is affected by several factors, including age structure, survivorship rate, fertility, and migration.

Fertility rate refers to the number of children born to women of childbearing age. A population with a high fertility rate is likely to have a higher potential for population growth.

Migration refers to the movement of individuals into or out of a population. A population with high levels of immigration is likely to have a higher potential for population growth, while a population with high levels of emigration is likely to have a lower potential for population growth.

Therefore, It is difficult to predict the size of the human population with certainty, as it depends on many complex factors and can be affected by unexpected events. However, based on current trends and projections, it is likely that the human population will continue to grow in the coming decades, although at a slower rate than in the past.

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When a gas at a given temperature and pressure is changed, the new volume of the gas can be calculated using the ideal gas law.

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The correct balanced equation for the reaction of Ca(s) and HCl(aq) is:

D. Ca(s) + 2 HCl(aq) ---> CaCl2(aq) + H2(g)

Chemical reaction, the transformation of one or more chemicals (the reactants) into one or more distinct compounds (the products). Chemical elements or chemical compounds make up substances. In a chemical reaction, the atoms that make up the reactants are rearranged to produce various products.

Chemical reactions are a fundamental component of life itself, as well as technology and culture. Burning fuels, smelting iron, creating glass and pottery, brewing beer, making wine, and making cheese are just a few examples of ancient processes that involved chemical reactions. The Earth's geology, the atmosphere, the oceans, and a wide variety of intricate processes that take place in all living systems are rife with chemical reactions.

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Answer:

an -OH end from one molecule and an H end from another

Explanation:

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Germanium will be having highest melting point being exist in solid

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The hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon is in the cis position to the group in the chair form for the -anomer of D-mannose.

An extremely stable conformation without torsional strain is thought to exist in the chair form of cyclohexane, D-mannose.

Each C-C bond in the six-membered ring that makes up the chair structure is spaced out differently. Mannose is a C2 epimer of glucose and belongs to the aldohexose family of carbohydrates.

D and L-mannose will be mirror images of one another because they are enantiomers. D-mannose will consequently have a structure that is identical to L-mannose.

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Answer: According to the law of conservation of mass, matter can be neither created nor destroyed, but it can be transformed from one form to another.

Explanation: The law of conservation of mass is one of the fundamental principles of physics, which states that the total mass of a closed system remains constant over time. In other words, matter can be neither created nor destroyed, but it can be transformed from one form to another, such as through chemical reactions or nuclear reactions. This principle is based on the work of Antoine Lavoisier, who first proposed it in the 18th century.

There are 1.20×10²⁴ molecules and 3.60×10²⁴ atoms in 2 moles of NH[tex]_3[/tex]. The smallest unit of matter that may be split without producing electrically charged particles is the atom.

The smallest unit of matter that may be split without producing electrically charged particles is the atom. It is also the smallest piece of substance with chemical element-like characteristics. As a result, the atom serves as the fundamental unit of chemistry.

Space makes up the majority of an atom. The remainder is made up of a cloud of electrons with negative charges around a positive-charged nucleus made up of protons and neutrons.

1 mole of NH[tex]_3[/tex], contains 1 nitrogen atom and 3 hydrogen atom

2 mole of NH[tex]_3[/tex], contains 2 nitrogen atom and 6 hydrogen atom

2 mole of NH[tex]_3[/tex], contains 2×6.022×10²³=1.20×10²⁴ nitrogen atom and 6×6.022×10²³=3.60×10²⁴ hydrogen atom

Therefore, there are 1.20×10²⁴ molecules and 3.60×10²⁴ atoms in 2 moles of NH[tex]_3[/tex].

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The given chemical reaction can be balanced as written below:

[tex]\rm 4 Fe + 3O_{2} \rightarrow 2 Fe_{2}O_{3}[/tex].

The balanced equation of a chemical reaction represents the perfect stoichiometry of all the reactants and products. Thus, the total mass in the reactant side must be equal to the total mass in the product side.

The number of each element in the reactant side must be equal with their number in the product side. In the given reaction, there are 2 Fe and 3 O in the product side.

To balance the number of oxygen, multiply by 3 in the reactant side and by 2 in the product side. Then we get 6 oxygens in both side. Now there are 4 Fe in the product side. Then put 4 to the Fe in the reactant side as written in the reaction above.

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