Please read the case below about the development of Post-it Notes. Compare this to the material in the textbook related to the strategic management process (Learning Objective 2-6) before proceeding to answer the questions following the case.
Arthur Fry and Spencer Silver: Post-it Notes – 3M
This is the story of the creation of the Post-it® Note. You might think, given its commercial success, that researchers were burning the midnight oil to find a way to leave clingy notes in books and on memos. But that is not what happened…
In 1968, Dr. Spencer Silver, a senior chemist in 3M’s central research lab, developed a high-quality adhesive that could be easily peeled off the surfaces to which it was adhered. This particular discovery was not considered a great success, since the real goal of Silver’s project was to develop a super-strong adhesive, but instead he had found a rather weak one. So, Silver moved on to look at other materials for use as a powerful adhesive.
Five years later, Arthur Fry, an avid collaborator in 3M’s research lab and a singer in his local church choir, was frustrated by how his bookmarks always slipped out when opening the hymnals. He suddenly remembered an old presentation by Silver in which Silver mentioned trying to find a promising commercial use for his removable adhesive. The next morning, Fry made some prototype sticky bookmarks that worked wonderfully for his problem. Fry then wrote up a proposal to develop a reusable, reliable, and adhesive bookmark and presented it to his supervisors. Fry’s managers were hesitant at first, but 3M’s culture of innovation led his supervisor to give Fry a chance to develop his idea. Fry created more samples, giving them to colleagues at work and fellow singers in the choir. Almost everyone kept asking Fry for more samples! Even then, it took several more years of design and manufacturing work to bring the Post-it Note to fruition. By 1977, the product was fully developed and functional, but it still took another two years to gain broader acceptance. In 1979, after implementing a massive consumer sampling, the product became widely available in the U.S. Within two years, it had become so indispensible that no office supply list was complete without Post-it Notes. For Drs. Silver and Fry, it was a wonderful addition to their long and productive careers with 3M. Both have been awarded 3M’s highest honors in research, as well as a number of prestigious engineering awards across the globe.
It should be noted that 3M is well known for fostering innovation. It lets its employees dedicate 15 percent of their time to pursuing projects that might be good potential innovations for the firm. In great part, this culture is what led to the Post-it Notes’ success. A less open firm would simply have shut the project down. There were certainly many times during the 10 years of development where the idea could have been abandoned. One interesting point to consider from this story is not how firms allow serendipitous moments to grow into successful innovations, but how firms should promote such serendipity to begin with.
1.In the case of Post-it Notes, the primary strategic process described came from which of the following?
Dominant strategic plan
Scenario planning
Top-down strategic planning
Planned emergence
Intended strategy

A manager who is considering entry to a new market must carefully consider all aspects of the environment as it relates to that market, including any obstacles posed by competitors.

who already have established relationships with suppliers and customers. A management considering entering a new market must carefully analyze all aspects of the environment, including any difficulties provided by rivals who have already built market connections with suppliers and consumers. Closing entries are used at the end of an accounting period to transfer the balances of temporary accounts (such as revenue, expenses, and dividends) to the permanent Retained Earnings account. This technique ensures that the income and expenditure accounts begin with a zero balance for the following fiscal period.

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According to the Growth Share Matrix (aka BCG Matrix), Dogs are low-growth, low-share businesses and products. They may generate enough cash to maintain themselves but do not promise to be large sources of cash. (Option A).

The Growth Share Matrix, also known as the BCG Matrix, is a strategic planning tool that helps businesses evaluate their portfolio of products or business units. It categorizes each product or business unit into one of four categories based on their market growth rate and relative market share.

The four categories are: "Stars", which are high-growth, high-share products; "Cash Cows", which are high-share, low-growth products that generate significant profits; "Question Marks", which are low-share, high-growth products that require investment to increase their market share; and "Dogs", which are low-growth, low-share products that may not generate much profit and could be candidates for divestment. The matrix helps companies to allocate resources and develop strategies for each category based on their market position and potential.

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The percentage of revenue that was generated from R&D expenses in a previous time period, such as the previous year, is referred to as "return on research capital," or simply "RORC."

Using the research and development to sales ratio, businesses in the same sector can compare how well they utilize their R&D resources. By dividing R&D costs by total revenue, it is calculated. On a TTM basis, this was determined.

The return on research capital measures how much money is earned for every dollar invested in research and development over a specific period of time (usually a year). The amount is calculated by dividing the gross profits for the current year, which are typically shown on the income statement, by the R&D expenses for the prior year.

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The complete question is:

What estimate the model where a one million increase in sales has the same percentage effect on research and development spending?

Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders' Equity in the YARD DESIGNS Accounting Equation Event Cash = Retained Earnings + Unearned Revenue Adjusting $20400 to $20400 plus $0 $0 = ($5100) $510

A balance sheet, also referred to as a statement of financial position or a statement of financial condition in financial accounting, is a summary of the financial standing of a person or an organization, whether they are sole proprietors, partners in a business, corporations, private limited companies, or other entities like governments or not-for-profits.

A precise date, such as the conclusion of the company's fiscal year, is used to list the assets, liabilities, and ownership equity. As a "snapshot of a company's financial state," a balance sheet is frequently referred to.

Each and every financial statement of an organization is summarized in it. The balance sheet is the only one of the four fundamental financial statements that pertains to just one point in time on a company's calendar.

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Product is the part of the marketing mix that aims at creating value by providing features as well as benefits that meet customers' needs.

The product element of the marketing mix includes the design, development, and packaging of goods or services that will be offered to the market. This includes features such as quality, design, functionality, and branding, as well as the benefits that the product or service provides to the customer.

A key aspect of the product element is differentiation, or the process of making a product or service unique in some way to stand out from competitors. By creating a product that meets customers' needs and provides value, businesses can differentiate themselves from their competitors and build customer loyalty.

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To calculate the return on this investment, we need to consider several factors, including the initial cost, the amount of borrowed funds, the interest charged on those funds, and the final selling price.

First, let's calculate the initial cost of the investment. Since the investor is purchasing 1,100 shares at $55 per share with a margin of 55%, the total initial cost is:

Initial cost = (1,100 shares x $55 per share) / 0.55 = $121,000

Since the investor is only required to put up 55% of the initial cost as margin, they have borrowed the remaining 45%, or $53,900.

Next, we need to calculate the interest charged on the borrowed funds. The call money rate is 6.8%, and the investor pays a spread of 1.9% over that. Therefore, the interest rate charged on the borrowed funds is:

Interest rate = 6.8% + 1.9% = 8.7%

The interest charged on the borrowed funds for one year is:

Interest charged = $53,900 x 8.7% = $4,683.30

Now, let's calculate the final selling price of the shares. One year later, the stock is selling for $61 per share, so the total selling price is:

Selling price = 1,100 shares x $61 per share = $67,100

The net profit on the investment is the selling price minus the initial cost and interest charged on the borrowed funds:

Net profit = $67,100 - $121,000 - $4,683.30 = -$58,583.30

Since the net profit is negative, the return on this investment is negative as well. The percentage return is calculated by dividing the net profit by the initial cost and expressing the result as a percentage:

Percentage return = (-$58,583.30 / $121,000) x 100% = -48.47%

Therefore, the investor has incurred a negative return of 48.47% on this investment, assuming no dividends were paid. This negative return is primarily due to the high cost of borrowing funds, which significantly outweighed any gains from the increase in the stock price.

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Building a beginner's investment portfolio can be a daunting task, but here are some general steps to help you get started:

Set your investment goals: Before investing, it's essential to determine your investment goals, whether it's for long-term growth, short-term gains, or income. It's important to have a clear understanding of your investment objectives to make informed decisions.

Determine your risk tolerance: Investing always comes with risks, and it's important to identify your risk tolerance. Your risk tolerance will determine how much risk you're willing to take with your investments. Generally, investments that offer higher potential returns also come with higher risks.

Lastly, Diversify your portfolio: Diversification is key to managing risk. It means spreading your investments across different asset classes, such as stocks, bonds, and real estate, to minimize the impact of a single asset's poor performance.

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Answer: credit, debit, summary

Explanation:

just did it

Blockbuster is an example of a company that suffered from marketing myopia by focusing too narrowly on its existing business model and failing to adapt to changing market conditions.

Blockbuster's marketing myopia problem was its failure to recognize the shift in consumer behavior towards digital streaming and video-on-demand services.

According to Levitt's article, "Marketing Myopia," companies need to focus on identifying and satisfying customer needs, rather than on their own products and services.

In Blockbuster's case, the company was too focused on its video rental business and failed to recognize the growing demand for digital streaming services.

As a result, Blockbuster lost market share to competitors such as Netflix and Redbox, who were able to capitalize on this emerging trend.

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You should choose to carry out an internal and external environmental assessment of a company that you identify with, research more about it and explain its strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats.

It is a management tool that helps an organization determine its situation in the internal and external environment, leading to an analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, expanding its view of the market, its characteristics and values.

Therefore, you can conduct your environmental assessment based on company characteristics such as offerings, customer value, marketing and other characteristics that contribute to your market positioning.

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Option A is correct. Offshoring is the next recruitment strategy that helps companies reduce labor costs, improve customer service, and improve access to top talent.

Offshoring is the transfer of the activity or ownership of an entire business process to a country other than the country in which the company receiving the service is based. This primarily helps in gaining access to a more cost-effective labor market, but it also helps in accessing additional qualified workers or setting up a business establishment in a foreign country. Offshore companies do so through outsourcing agreements with third parties or by establishing their own Global In-House Center (GIC) presence at offshore locations, among other business structures.

There are many ways to outsource your client's operations and business activities. The hard part is deciding which contact center solution (offshore outsourcing, nearshore outsourcing, onshore outsourcing, home-based, or a combination of all) is right for your product or service. In this strategy guide, take a closer look at all your options and learn how each can benefit your business and your customers for years to come. 

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The answer is Mission:  “do everything possible to expand human potential.” Vision:  This assertion demonstrates that the business does not restrict itself to particular techniques in order to give its consumers the finest that the sports industry has to offer.

A business is a corporate entity that is recognized by the law as distinct from its owners. It is a sophisticated organizational structure with higher setup and administrative costs due to more reporting duties and more serious legal obligations.

A company may also be called a "business," or vice versa. Any type of business organization can be referred to by this word. However, enterprises only apply to fundamental businesses, not to corporations, which are seen as separate legal entities. One such instance is the lack of a legal personality for a sole proprietorship.

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$20000 is the sales dollars needed to achieve the target profit.

What is  the target profit?

A profit target is a set price at which an investor intends to terminate a trade having made a profit.

                           Investors and technical traders utilize profit targets as a component of numerous trading systems to control risk, and the profit objective can be set using a variety of methods or standards.

Given -

Fixed cost = $2000

Target profit after tax = $4500

Contribution margin ratio = 40%

tax rate = 25 %

sales dollar =  fixed cost +{ target profit after tax/ (1-0.25) }

                 =  2000 + { 4500 / 0.75 }

                = 2000 + 6000

                 =  $ 8000 / 0.40

               =  $20000

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Instead focuses on making a large number of a few  is called mass production. Mass production is the process of producing standardised goods in huge quantities, frequently with the aid of automation or assembly lines.

The efficient creation of several identical products is made possible by mass production. Things that are mass produced are created on a big scale, typically in a factory or plant. Shoes, computers, and automobiles are all mass-produced goods.

Not the well-known chocolate chip cookies your dad makes. Items that are mass produced are uniform, if not identical, to one another. This covers the transportation, furniture, textile, and food sectors. Automobile manufacturers employ mass production to build automobiles on cheap assembly lines using goods high-quality parts.

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The marginal benefit of going to Spain is increased by events that force you to reverse that decision.

Marginal benefit is the maximum amount a consumer will pay for an additional product or service. Marginal benefit is also the additional satisfaction that the consumer receives from purchasing an additional good or service. Marginal profit usually decreases as consumption increases.

In general, marginal costs rise for each successive unit produced. Therefore, the producer is willing to increase production only if he  receives a higher price for the additional units produced.

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The answer is decrease cost per motor.A company, frequently abbreviated as "co.," is a legal designation for a collection of individuals with a shared objective who may be either natural, legal, or a combination of the two.

A company business may be constituted as a legal entity so that the company itself has limited liability as members fulfil or fail to fulfil their obligations in accordance with the publicly stated incorporation, or published policy. After a business has closed,voluntary groups with a profit motive, such as for-profit businesses, banks, programmes, and nonprofits, as well as educational institutions

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The given statement "codes of ethical conduct adopted by businesses and professions often provide for sanctions against individuals who violate the code" is true. Because these codes typically set out the ethical standards and values that the business or profession expects its members to adhere to.

Violations of the code can lead to disciplinary action, which may include warnings, suspension, or revocation of licenses, depending on the severity of the violation.

The purpose of these codes and the accompanying sanctions is to maintain the integrity and reputation of the business or profession and to ensure that members are held accountable for their conduct. By enforcing ethical standards, businesses and professions can protect the interests of their clients, customers, and stakeholders, and maintain public trust in their operations.

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We can see here that it is believable that in the vacuum filtration method, the impurities present in the product can depend on the nature of the starting material and the filtration medium used.

On the other hand, if the filtration medium is not selective, soluble impurities can pass through, leading to a contaminated product. To minimize impurities, it is important to choose a suitable filter medium, wash the product thoroughly, and analyze the purity of the final product.

The vacuum filtration method is a laboratory technique used to separate a solid product from a solvent or liquid reaction mixture.

It involves filtering the mixture through a filter paper and a vacuum filtration apparatus, which applies suction to draw the liquid through the filter paper while leaving the solid behind.

Similarly, in the evaporative collection method, the impurities present in the product can depend on the nature of the starting material and the purity of the solvent used.

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In a tradable permit system, Firm C sells permits to Firms A and B to reduce pollution at a lower cost. Firm C benefits from a lower cost of reducing pollution, while Firms A and B benefit from lower costs of reducing pollution.

In a tradable permit system, Firm C has the lowest initial pollution level and the lowest cost of reducing pollution, so it has a comparative advantage in reducing pollution. It can reduce its pollution to 0 units at a cost of $200 (20 units x $10 per unit). Firm C will have 20 permits remaining, which it can sell to the other two firms.

Firms A and B have higher initial pollution levels and higher costs of reducing pollution, so they will be willing to buy permits from Firm C. Let's say that Firm A buys 10 permits from Firm C and Firm B buys 5 permits from Firm C.

In this case, Firm A can reduce its pollution level to 40 units (30 units initial pollution - 10 permits bought) at a cost of $200 (10 permits bought x $20 per permit). Firm B can reduce its pollution level to 35 units (40 units initial pollution - 5 permits bought) at a cost of $150 (5 permits bought x $30 per permit).

The sellers (Firm C) are willing to sell permits because they can reduce their pollution to zero at a lower cost than the other firms. They can sell their remaining permits to the other firms at a price that is less than the cost of reducing pollution by one unit. This allows Firm C to earn a profit from selling the permits.

The buyers (Firms A and B) are willing to buy permits because it is cheaper for them to buy permits than to reduce pollution by one unit. By buying permits from Firm C, they can reduce their pollution levels at a lower cost than if they had to reduce pollution entirely on their own. In this way, tradable permit systems incentivize firms to reduce pollution in the most cost-effective manner.

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Online Analytical Processing is a technique for querying and reporting that extracts data from common relational databases, computes and summaries the data, and then stores the data in a unique database known as a data cube (OLAP).

Online Analytical Processing (OAP) is a technique for querying and reporting that pulls information from common relational databases, computes and summaries it, and then stores it in a unique database known as a data cube (OLAP). With the aid of OLAP, users can evaluate multidimensional data from a variety of angles and condense massive amounts of data into a manageable form. The OLAP data cube is a multidimensional database that holds aggregated data in a structured fashion, facilitating users' ability to carry out intricate analysis and produce reports.

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Limiting a firm's ability to switch back and forth between alternative generally accepted accounting methods is driven by Consistency of management process.

A sequence of processes known as the management process are utilized to carry out commercial activities. Planning, organizing, staffing, leading, managing, and assessing are all parts of the management process.

The management process' four functions. The four primary management process functions are as follows. The planned, organizing, directing, and controlling stages are what are referred to as these. Each of these phases aids businesses and organizations in carrying out their aims and objectives successfully and efficiently.

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Complete question:

Limiting a firm's ability to switch back and forth between alternative generally accepted accounting methods is driven by which of the following concepts/principles?

The amount of the retained earnings as per the given information is as follows- $86,500.

A fiscal year is a year that the businesses and the governments use for the financial reporting and the budgeting. Fiscal years are most commonly used for accounting purposes to prepare financial statements.

The fiscal year he can start on January 1st and end on December 31st, but not all fiscal years correspond to calendar years. For example, universities often begin and end fiscal years after academic years.

A fiscal year is the 12-month period a company chooses to report its financial information.

Financial reports, external audits, and federal tax returns are based on the company's fiscal year.

Companies may choose to report financial information for off-calendar fiscal years based on the particular nature of their business and earnings cycle.

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Complete question:

The following December 31, 2018, fiscal year-end account balance information is available for the Stonebridge Corporation:

Accounts

$$

Cash and cash equivalent

25,000

Accounts receivable

80,000

Short-term investment

50,000

Property, plant, and equipment (net)

120,000

Accounts payable

44,000

Wages payable

15,000

Utilities payable

10,000

Paid-in-capital

100,000

The only assets not listed is inventory. The only liabilities not listed are $40,000 note payable due in two years and related accrued interest of $2,000 due in four months. The current ratio at year-end is 2.5:1. Which of the following is the amount of retained earnings?

The following statement ''Under a perpetual inventory system, the cost of goods sold is determined each time a sale occurs'' is true.

This means that the inventory levels and cost of goods sold are updated continuously throughout the accounting period.

This system provides a more accurate reflection of inventory levels and cost of goods sold at any given time, as opposed to a periodic inventory system, where inventory levels and cost of goods sold are only updated at the end of the accounting period.

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The rate of change of the total cost function when the level of production is 100 cases/day is 9.06.

The prevalent structure οf the fee characteristic formulation is C(x)=F+V(x) C (x) = F + V (x) the lοcation F is the whole consistent costs, V is the variable cοst, x is the number of units, and C(x) is the complete manufacturing cost.

Cost attribute refers tο the practical relatiοnship between charge and output. It loοkup the behaviοur of rate at gorgeous tiers of output when technological expertise is assumed tο be constant. It can be expressed as below: C= f(Q) (Here, C= Cost of prοduction; and Q= Quantum of output).

The given functiοn is

C(x) = 0.000002x³ + 9x + 260

Calculate the follοwing for h = 1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001

h = 1

Plugging h = 1

[tex]$\mathrm{ \frac{C(100+h)-C(100)}{h} = }[/tex] [tex]$\mathrm{ \frac{0.000002(100+1)^3+9(100+1)+260-(0.000002(100)^3+9(100)+260)}{1}}[/tex]

= 9.06

In all other cases, Rοunding off  two decimal places we will get 9.06

So, the rate of change οf the total cost function when the level of production is 100 cases/day is 9.06.

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(a) The direct method formula for calculating cash receipts from clients is: Customers' cash receipts = Sales revenue + Beginning accounts receivable - Ending accounts receivable.

To compute cash receipts from customers, tally up the entire sales revenue for the period and then adjust for any changes in accounts receivable. If accounts receivable grew during the period, it signifies that cash has not yet been collected for all sales, hence the rise in accounts receivable must be deducted. If, on the other hand, accounts receivable declined throughout the time, it signifies that cash was received for more sales than were produced during the period, hence the decrease in accounts receivable must be added.

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The sale of property from Andre to his wife Steffi for its fair market value is basically implied to a transfer of property between related parties.

The impact of a transaction on income taxes depends on a number of variables, including the nature of the transaction, the type of income earned, and the tax laws that apply to the transaction.

A transfer of property between related persons is regarded as occurring when Andre sells a piece of property to his wife Steffi for its fair market value.

It could be interpreted in this situation as an effort to evade paying taxes on capital gains from the property's appreciation.

As a result, the IRS might consider this transaction to be a gift or a fictitious sale and might impose certain tax regulations on it.

Thus, in this scenario, Steffi's basis in the property would be $40,000 and would replace Andre's original cost basis of $40,000.

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Mass customization allows customers to design certain made-to-order product features while keeping costs closer to mass-produced products.

By maintaining costs that are more in line with those of mass-produced products, mass customization enables a customer to design specific made-to-order characteristics of a product. The product's parts may occasionally be modular. Due to this versatility, the client can combine several alternatives to get a final product that is somewhat unique.

Using adaptable computer-aided systems to create specialized output, mass customization is used in marketing, manufacturing, call center operations, and management. Such systems combine the adaptability of individual customization with the low unit prices of mass production techniques.

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The statement given in the question is False.

Under a Utilitarian approach to ethical reasoning a business leader would make a decision that impacts the majority of those affected in a negative way.

Under a Utilitarian approach to ethical reasoning, a business leader would strive to make a decision that maximizes the overall happiness and well-being of the majority of those affected.

Even if it means some individuals may be negatively impacted. The focus is on the net benefit to society as a whole.

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To record research and development costs, debit $324,500 from Research and Development Expense and credit $324,500 from Cash.

A journal entry is a record of a financial transaction that is entered into the accounting system of a company. It typically includes the transaction date, the accounts involved, the transaction amount, and a brief description of the transaction. Journal entries form the basis of a company's financial records and are used to prepare financial statements, track cash flow, and monitor business performance. They can be done manually in a physical journal or automatically in an accounting software system, and they must be accurate and complete in order for the company's financial records to be reliable and up to date. To keep track of legal and administrative expenses:

Credit Cash for $16,900 Debit Patent Expense for $16,900 To record the amortisation expense for one year: Amortization Expense in the amount of $26,900 ($114,500 / 5 + $16,900) Credit Accumulated Amortization - $26,900 Patent.

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Understanding personal selling, which relates to how consumers think or feel about distinct brands, is crucial in a market in which customers tend to perceive competitors as being quite similar.

One of the typical types of personal selling is door-to-door sales. Sales representatives knock on prospective customers' doors to promote and offer the products/services. They try to get individuals to buy from them by using their strong interpersonal skills.

Publicity, sales promotion, and advertising can all be supported by personal selling. It eliminates the negative effects of sales promotion and advertising. Personal selling supports the advertising message while advertising raises awareness.

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