Predict whether an increase or decrease in entropy of the system accompanies each of the following processes when they occur at constant temperature. Explain your reasoning. A. H2O(l) H2O(g) Prediction: Explanation: B. NH3(g) + HCl(9) Prediction: NH4Cl(s) Explanation: H20 C. C12H22011(s) Prediction: C12H22011(aq) Explanation: D. 2 H2(g) + O2(g) Prediction: 2 H2O(g) Explanation:

Answers

Answer 1

A. H₂O(l) → H₂O(g) Prediction: Increase in entropy.

When water changes from liquid to gas, its entropy increases because the gas state has more freedom of motion than the liquid state. The water molecules are more spread out and have higher disorder in the gas phase.

B. NH₃(g) + HCl(g) → NH₄Cl(s) Prediction: Increase in entropy.

The reaction produces a solid product, NH₄Cl, which has lower entropy than the reactants in the gas phase. However, the entropy change of the gas phase molecules is much larger than the decrease in entropy due to the formation of the solid. Therefore, the overall change in entropy is positive.

C. C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁(s) → C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁(aq) Prediction: No significant change in entropy.

When sugar dissolves in water, the disorder of the sugar molecules increases because they are more spread out in solution. However, the water molecules also become more ordered around the dissolved sugar molecules, which offsets the increase in sugar entropy. The overall change in entropy is therefore not significant.

D. 2 H₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2 H₂O(g) Prediction: Increase in entropy.

The reactants are gases, and the products are also gases. The number of molecules increases from 3 to 4 in this reaction, resulting in an increase in entropy. Additionally, the gas molecules are more disordered than the reactant molecules.

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Related Questions

what is used to make the dry cells ????​

Answers

Answer: The parts of a dry cell battery are as follows: at the center is a carbon rod called a cathode. The cathode is surrounded by an electrolyte paste. The paste and cathode are surrounded by a separator before finally being sealed within a zinc cylinder.

Explanation: A diagram is show below

Which statement best compares the melting points of magnesium and sodium?

a
Magnesium has a higher melting point because it contributes one additional electron per atom than sodium in the electron sea.
b
Sodium has a higher melting point because it contributes one fewer electron per atom than magnesium in the electron sea.
c
Sodium has a higher melting point because it contributes two fewer electrons per atom than magnesium in the electron sea.
d
Magnesium has a higher melting point because it contributes two additional electrons per atom than sodium in the electron sea.

Answers

A because according to electron sea theory magnesium shares two valence electrons in electron sea while sodium shares one suggesting that magnesium has stronger metallic bond than sodium so breaking metallic bond in magnesium will require more energy as compared to breaking metallic bond in sodium

The melting point of magnesium is higher than the melting point of sodium because it contributes two additional electrons per atom than sodium in the electron sea. Thus option d is correct.

What is melting point?

Melting point of a substance is the temperature at which it converts from solid state to liquid state where, the two phases are in equilibrium. Melting point is affected by the bond type, molecular weight, temperature and pressure.

Melting point of elements increases along a period because the atomic size is decreasing along the period and molecular weight is increasing. Thus, the nuclear attractive pull increases resulting in higher energy needed to break the attractive force.

Magnesium is 12th element and sodium is 11th element. Thus magnesium is smaller than sodium and have one more electron than sodium. Thus magnesium have high molecular weight and high nuclear attraction leads to its higher melting point.

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how many atoms are in each compound ?

Answers

Compounds are made of two or more atoms of different elements, such as water (H2O) and methane (CH4). Atoms are not drawn to scale. Molecules of compounds have atoms of two or more different elements.

14. How many liters would 5 moles of oxygen gas take up?
a.0.22L
b.112
c.27.4L
d.55L​

Answers

Answer:

a 0.22L

Explanation:

Answer:

A

Explanation:

1 moles of oxygen is 0.044L

how many atoms of alumminum are in 3.9 mol of aluminum​

Answers

Answer:

2.35 x 10²⁴ atoms Al

Explanation:

Given 3.9 moles of aluminum (Al), determine number of aluminum atoms in that quantity of substance.

By definition a mole is the mass of substance containing one Avogadro's Number (N₀) of particles. That is, 1 mole = 1 N₀ = 6.023 x 10²³ particles*.

So, if 1 mole aluminum contains 6.023 x 10²³ atoms of aluminum then

3.9 moles Al = 3.9 moles Al  x  6.023 x 10²³ atoms Al/mole Al = 2.35 x 10²⁴ atoms Al.

________________

*The complete equivalent relationship is ...

1 mole (atoms or compounds) = 6.023 x 10²³ atoms or molecules = 1 formula weight of the substance = 22.4 Liters (if in gas phase at STP conditions (0°C and 1atm pressure).

________________

Sure hope this is understandable ... if not, kick back a note. Doc

I have no idea what to put, pls help, due tmr
(science)​

Answers

Answer:

It traveled for 4 seconds at a distance of about 4.1 meters. With a velocity of 10%.

Explanation:

Write the formula for potassium nitride?
(show work)
CAN SOMEONE PLEASE HELP?

Answers

Answer:

It should b KNO3

Explanation:

one Potassium (K) and three Nitrite (NO3)

4 description of meteor showers​

Answers

Answer:

A meteor shower are defined as the celestial event in which a meteor comes from one point in the sky and visible in night sky.

Meteors are also known as Shooting stars as they glow when enters in the Earth surface as glowing streaks, where tail point to the origin in the sky and face faces the Earth surface.

Meteor showers take place when meteoroids entering Earth's atmosphere.

Meteor showers can repeat themselves because it depends on the comet orbits which can take place at the same time each year.

What is the difference between a chemical symbol and a chemical formula?​

Answers

Answer: A chemical symbol is a one- or two-letter designation of an element. Compounds are combinations of two or more elements. A chemical formula is an expression that shows the elements in a compound and the relative proportions of those elements. Many elements have symbols that derive from the Latin name for the element

The breaking down or wearing away of rock and soil is known as... A. earthquake
B. global shift C. weathering D. deposition

Answers

Answer:

the breaking down of rock is known as weathering

ssignment Vhat challenges would have existed in the spread of Christianity. pe overcome. Remember social media and cell phones did not exis R < previous​

Answers

Answer:

A lot of people rejected it outright. Christians were persecuted and killed for their beliefs, and there were no cars, etc for easy transportation. Most people had to walk everywhere since horses and the like were only for the rich and royal. Hope this helps, please give me brainliest :)

Explanation:

Answer: Your not the best a spelling...

Explanation:

Which of these best describes the relationship between the inner core, outer core, mantle, crust, asthenosphere, and lithosphere?

Answers

The question is incomplete, the complete question is;

Which of these best describes the relationship between the inner core, outer core, mantle, crust, asthenosphere, and lithosphere?

A: The coolest layers are farthest from the core.

B: The least dense layers are closest to the core.

C: The layers with the highest concentration of metals are closest to the crust.

D: The layers that remain in a molten state are closest to the crust.

Answer:

The coolest layers are farthest from the core.

Explanation:

When we talk about the internal structure of Earth, we mean the subdivisions of the solid Earth, that is, the concentric spherical layers that marks out the structure of the solid Earth.

The inner core is the innermost part of the earth's core and is known to have extremely high temperature. This high temperature steadily decreases as you approach the earth's surface.

Hence, the coolest layers are farthest from the core.

What happens when a cold drink sits in a hot room? A) It remains coldincorrect answer B) It gets warmerincorrect answer C) It starts boilingincorrect answer D) It starts freezingincorrect answer

Answers

Answer:

its B

Explanation:

A scientist is comparing 2 samples of the same compound. One is pure and the other is impure. The compound is a solid at room temperature. Explain how the scientist could tell which is the pure compound. [2]

Answers

Answer:

A glass of mineral water is not pure water.

Explanation:

Pure chemical substances

Pouring water into a glass from a bottle

Food and drink may be advertised as ‘pure’. For example, you may see cartons of ‘pure orange juice’ or ‘pure mineral water’. This means that nothing else was added to the orange juice or mineral water during manufacture. However, these substances are not pure to a scientist. In science, a pure substance contains only one element or compound.

Mineral water is mostly water, but there are other substances mixed with it. These are the ingredients that you see listed on the bottle’s label.

If I initially have a gas at a pressure of 12 kPa, a volume of 23 liters, and a temperature of 200 K, and then I raise the pressure to 14 kPa and increase the temperature to 300 K, what is the new volume of the gas?

Answers

Answer:

The new volume of gas would be 30 L.

Explanation:

This is an example of a Combined Gas Laws problem.

if you need 2.5 moles of of aluminum, how many atoms of aluminum is this? ​

Answers

Answer:

This can be found by my multiplying number of moles with avogadro number

So we have:

2.5 × 6.022 × 10²³

= 15.055 × 10²³

Therefore there are 15.055 × 10²³ atoms in 2.5 moles of Aluminium

What is the name of this molecule?
O A. 1-methylpentane
O B. 1-pentyne
C. cis-1-pentene
O D. Pentane

Answers

Answer:

The name of that molecule should be 1-pentyne

so your answr should be B

Explanation:

Molecules are species made up of atoms. The given molecule in the figure is 1-pentyne. Thus, option B is correct.

What is 1-pentyne?

1-Pentyne is a chemical compound with the formula C₅H₈, and an internal alkyne group between the first and the second carbon atom.

The molecules consist of twelve bonds including the bonds between the carbon-carbon, and carbon-hydrogen. There is one triple or the alkyne bond present and five carbon hence the name of the molecule is 1-Pentyne.

Therefore, the molecule is option b. 1-Pentyne.

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Do temperature and air pressure change in a smooth, gradual way as your balloon flies higher?

Answers

Answer:

yes ?

Explanation:

from what I have learned so far, the hair gradually gets thinner and thinner with less oxygen which would change the pressure

Which process directly moves nutrients from animals to the air?

Answers

D.Breathing

Oxygen obtained through respiration is used by cells in the cellular respiration process to obtain energy. Each animal has a different way of performing gas exchange, but we can say that it is through breathing that all animals move nutrients directly into the air through breathing

A gas has a volume of 500cm3 when a pressure of 100,00N is exacted on it what will be it's volume if the pressure is changed to 150mm mecury at same temperature

Answers

Answer:

See explanation below

Explanation:

At first sight, it seems that the innitial pressure of 100,00 N would be 100,00 N/m² because pressure does not have units of newton alone. If this is true, then the calculations are the following (If it's not, but it's actually mm Hg, then skip the part of the conversion, and just do the procedure of solving for the volume).

The innitial pressure is 100 N/m² or simply 100 Pa. As the second pressure is in mm Hg, let's convert the Pascal units to mm Hg:

1 Pa -----> 0.007501 mm Hg

100 ---------> X

X = 100 * 0.007501 / 1 = 0.7501 mmHg

Now that we have the innitial pressure in mm Hg, and the temperature remains constant, we use the Boyle's law to solve for this:

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

V₂ = P₁V₁ / P₂  

Using this expression, let's solve for V₂:

V₂ = 0.7501 *¨500 / 150

V₂ = 2.5 cm³

Now, it's the innitial pressure is 100 mm Hg then the volume:

V₂ = 100 * 500 / 150

V₂ = 333.33 cm³

Check the units of the innitial pressure, one of these results should be the correct answer. If it's not, then please post again the question with the correct units.

Hope this helps

How is the rotation of the Sun different from the rotation of Earth?
OThe parts of the Sun rotate at different speeds and the parts of Earth rotate at the same speed.
O The Sun's equator rotates faster than its poles and Earth's equator rotates slower than its poles.
O The Sun's poles rotate faster than its equator and Earth's poles rotate slower than its equator.
O The parts of the Sun rotate in different directions and the parts of Earth all rotate in the same direction

Answers

Answer:

The Sun's equator rotates faster than it's poles and Earth's equator rotates slower than it's poles.

Explanation:

What are the characteristics of electromagnetic waves?

Answers

Answer: Electromagnetic waves are transverse in nature as they propagate by varying the electric and magnetic fields such that the two fields are perpendicular to each other.

Accelerated charges are responsible to produce electromagnetic waves.

Explanation:

Periodic law states that elements show a

A. repetition of their physical and chemical properties when arranged according to increased atomic number

B. repetition of their physical and chemical properties when arranged according to increased atomic mass

C. repetition of their physical and chemical properties when arranged according to increased atomic size

D. repetition of their physical and chemical properties when arranged according to increased atomic radius

Answers

Answer:

A. repetition of their physical and chemical properties when arranged according to increased atomic number

Explanation:

There are various kind of elements that are present in periodic table. Some elements are harmful, some are radioactive, some are noble gases. Therefore, option A is correct option.

What is periodic table?

Periodic table is a table in which we find elements with properties like metals, non metals, metalloids and radioactive element arranges in increasing atomic number.

Periodic table help a scientist to know what are the different types of elements are present in periodic table so that they can discover the new elements that are not being discovered yet.

Periodic law states that elements show a repetition of their physical and chemical properties when arranged according to increased atomic number.

Therefore, the correct option is option A out of given options.

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A boat at rest on the ocean moves up and down as water moves past it. What can be concluded about the nature of the water particles in the waves from rl this observation

Answers

it would be a cause i need the points 652

Can someone help me please. chem.

Answers

Answer:

linar

Explanation:

what might be a formula for calculating distance

Answers

Answer:

Distance = speed * Time

hope it helps

Answer:

Distance formula (x2 - a1) ° + (y2 - Yı)?

d - d = distance

(x1, Y1) coordinates of the first point

(x2, Y2) = coordinates of the second point

please someone help it’s due today(I will give brainliest)

Answers

Answer:

physical or chemical

boiling point

brittleness

opacity

color

density

ductility

shape

hardness

lustre

malleability

melting point

smell

solubility

state of matter

taste

texture

viscosity

Explanation:

Examine the layers of rock. Which layer shown contains the youngest fossils, and why?

Answers

Answer:

Layer A is the youngest

It is at the top, it has all of the dinosaur bones which got buried after earth got hit with an asteroid and they went extinct. Layer D started it and all of these years dirt, soil, and fossils have been gathering making each layer before older and older.

I need brainliest to rank up

Explanation:

Answer:

The youngest fossils would be the "upmost" ones

Explanation:

Logically speaking, in order for fossils to be newer they have to be lied down first, think of it as folding laundry. The clothes that you folded first would be on the bottom, and the newer clothes you would lay ontop of the previous clothing.

calculate the volume occupied by 10g of propane gas, under normal conditions of temperature and pressure

Answers

Answer:

5.5 L

Explanation:

First we convert 10 g of propane gas (C₃H₈) to moles, using its molar mass:

10 g ÷ 44 g/mol = 0.23 mol

Then we use the PV=nRT formula, where:

P = 1 atm & T = 293 K (This are normal conditions of T and P)n = 0.23 molR = 0.082 atm·L·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹V = ?

1 atm * V = 0.23 mol * 0.082 atm·L·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ * 293 K

V = 5.5 L

How many moles of xenon gas are necessary to exert a 0.64atm pressure in an 8.5L container at 300.0K?

Answers

0.026 moles is the right answer.

We have that for the Question "How many moles of xenon gas are necessary to exert a 0.64atm pressure in an 8.5L container at 300.0K?" it can be said that  moles of xenon gas is

n=0.22moles

From the question we are told

How many moles of xenon gas are necessary to exert a 0.64atm pressure in an 8.5L container at 300.0K?

Generally the equation for the ideal gas is mathematically given as

[tex]n=\frac{Pv}{RT}\\\\n=\frac{0.64*8.5}{0.08206*300}[/tex]

n=0.22moles

Therefore

How many moles of xenon gas are necessary to exert a 0.64atm pressure in an 8.5L container at 300.0K is

n=0.22moles

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