In 1897, J.J. Thomson's discovery of the electron was revolutionary.
What is thomson's concept?Thomson's concept of the electron showed that the atom was not indivisible, but instead was composed of smaller particles. This discovery provided the first piece of evidence to support the atomic theory, which states that all matter is made up of atoms.
Thomson's concept of the electron also allowed scientists to understand the behaviour of electricity better. Electrons are negatively charged particles, and Thomson's discovery showed that electricity is a flow of electrons. This knowledge allowed scientists to create new technologies based on the understanding of electrons, such as computers and cell phones.
The significance of Thomson's concept of the electron can be summed up in three words: evidence, electricity, and technology. Thomson's discovery provided the first piece of evidence for the atomic theory, allowed for a better understanding of electricity, and paved the way for the creation of many new technologies.
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Select the correct answer.
How does substituting a hydrogen atom with a halogen in a hydrocarbon affect the resulting compound?
A.
All the single bonds in the original molecule change to double bonds.
B.
The boiling point of the new compound increases.
C.
The bonds between the carbon atoms in the molecule become weaker.
D.
The resulting compound is called a saturated hydrocarbon.
E.
The substitution allows each carbon atom to accept more than four valence electrons.
Answer:
E. The substitution allows each carbon atom to accept more than four valence electrons.
Explanation:
Halogens (except for fluorine) have seven valence electrons, which gives them the flexibility to participate in more than four covalent bonds. Hydrogen only has one valence electron, so it tends to form only four covalent bonds. In a substitution reaction, each halogen provides the carbon atom with additional electrons, allowing it to accept more than the usual four.
Answer:
C. The bonds between the carbon atoms in the molecule become weaker.
Explanation:
If you need 18.9 grams of HCl for a reaction, and you have a 1.5 M solution of HCl, how many mL of this solution should you use
If we need 18.9 grams of HCl for a reaction, and we have a 1.5 M solution of HCl, the mL of this solution should we use is 345.3 mL.
Given that :
mass of the HCl = 18.9 grams.
molar mass of the HCl = 36.45 g/mol
moles of the HCl = mass / molar mass
= 18.9 / 36.45
= 0.518 mol
the molarity of the HCl = 1.5 M
The molarity is given as:
molarity = moles / volumes
volume in L = moles / molarity
= 0.518 / 1.5
= 0.3453 L
= 345.3 mL
Thus, the volume is 345.3 mL.
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regardless of where you live and what tempurature it is outside, you should always start the vehicle and give it a few minutes to warm up
The statement given is true. No matter where you live or what the outside temperature is, you should always start your vehicle and let it warm up for a few minutes.
Define temperature.An object's thermal energy content is measured by its temperature, while heat is the movement of thermal energy between objects of different temperatures.
The average kinetic energy of all the atoms or molecules that make up matter defines temperature in chemistry. Not all materials have the same kinetic energy. A particle can be described using the kinetic energy distribution of the particle at a point in time.
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The complete question is as follows:
Regardless of where you live and what temperature it is outside, you should always start the vehicle and give it a few minutes to warm up. (True/False)
diatomic elements are important. what makes them different from other elemental substances?
Other elemental substances in that they consist of two atoms of the same element, bonded together.
What is Diatomic elements?Diatomic elements are chemical elements that exist in the form of two atoms held together by covalent bonds. The most common elements that exist as diatomic molecules are hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine. These elements are found in nature and play important roles in the formation of compounds used in everyday life.
This bond is usually covalent in nature, and the two atoms form a stable molecule. This type of molecule is very stable and present in the form of gas, at room temperature and pressure. Examples of diatomic elements are hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine, chlorine, and bromine. Due to the fact that these elements are already in a stable, two-atom form, they exhibit different chemical and physical properties than other elements. For example, diatomic oxygen is highly reactive and can easily combine with other elements, while diatomic nitrogen is relatively inert. This difference in reactivity is due to the fact that the two atoms in the diatomic form share electrons more easily than atoms in other elemental forms.
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What happens to the reactivity as you move from left to right?
The reactivity of the element in the periodic table as me move from the left to right in the period it will decreases first and then it will increases.
In the periodic table , for the metals the reactivity of the decreases as we move across the period from left to the right. in the group it will increases as we move from the top to bottom.
In the periodic table for the non metals, the reactivity will increases as we move from left to the right in a period. in the group it will decreases as we move from top to the bottom.
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What other factors of weather and climate are affected by elevation?
Answer:
Wind, Rain and Snow
Consequently, winds are stronger at higher elevations. Colder temperatures at higher elevations also create precipitation, because cold air can't hold as much moisture as warm air. Moisture condenses out of the air as snow and ice, and it falls back to the ground.
The factors that affect the weather and climate are latitude, altitude, wind, and distance from the sea.
What is climate?Climate can be described as the long-term weather pattern in an area, averaged over 30 years. Climate is the mean as well as the variability of meteorological variables over months to millions of years.
Some of the meteorological variables that are used to measure are temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, wind, and precipitation. The climate can be defined as the state of the components of the climate system, including the atmosphere, cryosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere, and the interactions between them.
The climate is affected by its latitude, terrain, altitude, land use, and water bodies and their currents. Climates can be classified based on the average and typical variables, most temperature, and precipitation. It is used in studying of the biological diversity and how climate change affects it.
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sodium is lost from the body in the ______.
Answer: In the sweat and urine
Explanation:
Sodium is part of body's mineral. It will easily go out or lose when we we sweat and when we urinate. They lost from the body in form of water contained sodium.
What are the things to consider before using hot and cold compress?
Answer:
Explanation:
There are several things to consider before using hot and cold compresses:
The condition being treated: Different conditions may require the use of hot or cold compresses. For example, hot compresses may be used to alleviate muscle pain, while cold compresses may be used to reduce swelling and inflammation.
The individual's sensitivity to temperature: Some people may be more sensitive to temperature changes and may need to use a compress that is not as hot or cold.
The duration of use: It is generally recommended to use hot compresses for no more than 20 minutes at a time, and cold compresses for no more than 15 minutes.
The potential for burns or frostbite: Hot compresses should not be used on skin that is broken or damaged, as they can cause burns. Cold compresses should not be applied directly to the skin for an extended period of time, as they can cause frostbite.
The individual's overall health: Individuals with certain medical conditions, such as circulation problems, should be careful when using hot and cold compresses and should consult with a healthcare professional before doing so.
How do you make the balanced equation of making ammonia?
__ N² + __ H² → __ NH³
(with steps to solve)
Answer:
1, 3, 2
Explanation:
1 mole of N^2 so you have 2 N.
3 mole of H^2 so you have 6 H.
2 mole NH^3 so you have 2 N and 6 H
2N + 6H = 2N + 6H
Sort the following phrases as descriptions of alpha helices, beta turns or all alpha Helices 1st residue hydrogen- bonded to 5^th residue (that is, residue n is H- bonded to residue n + 4) all - NH groups point in the same direction Beta Sheets successive R groups point in opposite directions Beta Turns 1^st residue (that is, residue n is H- bonded to residue n+3 All contains-NH hydrogen bonded to C = O
An alpha helix is a type of secondary structure in proteins. It is a right-handed, coiled-coil structure that is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the peptide backbone amide nitrogen and carbonyl oxygens of every fourth residue.
1st residue hydrogen-bonded to 5th residue (that is, residue n is H-bonded to residue n+4) - Alpha Helix
All NH groups point in the same direction - Beta Sheet
successive R groups point in opposite directions - Beta Sheet
1st residue (that is, residue n is hydrogen bonded to residue n+3) - Beta Turn
All contains-NH hydrogen bonded to C=O - Alpha Helix
In summary, the first phrase describes an Alpha Helix, the second and third phrases describe Beta Sheets, and the fourth phrase describes a Beta Turn, the fifth phrase also describes an Alpha Helix.
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Since the reduction potential of ions is different, electrolysis can be used to selectively plate out one of the ions in a mixture. A 1.0 L solution containing 0.101 M NiBr2?aq) and 0.407 M CuBr2aq) is subjected to electrolysis. How much time (in hours) would it take to selectively plate out of the cations at a current of 5.0 A? Express your answer numerically to three sig figs in units of hours.
22.2 seconds will it take to selectively plate out of the cations current of 5.0 Amperes.
E∘cell=E∘cathode−E∘anode it is the formula for finding out the net cell potential of the electrolytic cell. We can write the cell reaction to solve the problem in the following way
1. Write down the (two half) reactions.
2. Balance the (half) reactions (Mass and Charge):
a. Start with elements other than H and O. b. Balance O by adding water.
c. balance H by adding H+.
d. Balancing charge by adding electrons.
(3. Multiply each half reaction to make the number of electrons equal.
4. Add the reactions and simplify.)
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When using a TSO-C129 or TSO-C196 GPS for navigation and instrument approaches, any required alternate airport must have
TSO-C129 and TSO-C196 refer to non-WAAS GPS systems. TSO-C146 refers to WAAS-enabled GPS systems. If non-WAAS GPS is used for navigation and instrument approaches, all required alternate airports must have non-GPS approved operational instrument approach procedures.
TSO-C129 - Airborne Auxiliary Navigation Sensor for Global Positioning System equipment with airborne extensions. TSO-C196 – Auxiliary airborne navigation sensor for GPS units with airborne augmentation.
TSO certification means minimum performance standards for certain materials, parts and equipment used in commercial aircraft. Authorization to manufacture materials, parts, or equipment in accordance with TSO standards is referred to as TSO authorization.
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Chemical Reactions - Problems
4 NH, +5 O, → 4 NO+6H_O
Which of the following are the reactants in the reaction above?
NH,
NO
I
H₂O
Submit v
IT
PLEASE HELP ASAP!!!!
A law summarizes a set of observations about an experiment.
What exactly does the word law mean?Chemical law: Most of the properties and the atomic structure of the elements vary periodically when the elements are arranged in the order of their atomic numbers.
A sound explanation for observations is referred to as a theory. A summary of the relationship between variables constitutes a scientific law. A controlled method of testing a hypothesis is through an experiment.
The fundamental chemistry laws in chemistry are considered to be the following three: the mass conservation principle. the principle of proportional equality. A multiple proportions law.
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When a water molecule is split, which part of it is used to make fuels? a. the electrons and protons from the hydrogen b. the electrons and protons from the oxygen c. the electrons and protons from the carbon dioxide d. the ATP
When a water molecule is split, part of it is which used to make fuels is : a.) the electrons and protons from the hydrogen.
How does water split?The water molecules break down into hydrogen and oxygen at the atomic level during thermolysis. For instance, around 3% of all H2O dissociates into different combinations of hydrogen and oxygen atoms at 2200 °C, primarily into H, H2, O, O2, and OH.
Water splitting is the chemical reaction where water is broken down into oxygen and hydrogen: 2 H2O → 2 H2 + O2
Efficient and economical water splitting could be a technological breakthrough that could underpin hydrogen economy, based on green hydrogen. A version of water splitting occurs in photosynthesis also but hydrogen is not produced.
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Estimate the net charge at pH=7. Assume the pKa values given in the table above. Term____
The net charge at pH=7. The pKa values given in the table above will term is referred as neutral.
At pH = 7, the solution is considered neutral, which means that the concentration of H+ ions is equal to the concentration of OH- ions, i.e [H+] = [OH-] = 10^-7 M.
To estimate the net charge at pH = 7, you would need to know the pKa values of the acid and the species present in the solution. It is important to note that the net charge at pH 7 will depend on the acid and species present in the solution, and the pKa values given for that specific acid. In a neutral solution, the pH is equal to 7, which means that the concentration of H+ ions is equal to the concentration of OH- ions. Since the pH is neutral, this means that the solution has no net charge. Neutral solutions contain equal concentrations of positive and negative ions, thus the net charge is zero.
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Coca-Cola is making a version of Coke that uses sucrose (C12H22O11) instead of high fructose corn syrup. If there are 39.24 grams of sucrose in a 12.0 fluid oz. can of this Coke, what is the molarity of sucrose in the Coke
Coca-Cola is making a version of Coke that uses sucrose (C12H22O11) instead of high fructose corn syrup. The molarity of sucrose in the Coke is 0.32 mol/L.
Coca-Cola is making a version of Coke that uses sucrose (C12H22O11) instead of high fructose corn syrup. If there are 39.24 grams of sucrose in a 12.0 fluid oz. can of this Coke, what is the molarity of sucrose in the Coke.
To find the molarity of sucrose in the Coke, we first need to find the number of moles of sucrose present in the can. We can use the mass of sucrose (39.24 g) and the molar mass of sucrose (342.3 g/mol) to find the number of moles of sucrose:
= (39.24 g) / (342.3 g/mol)
= 0.114 mol
Next, we need to find the volume of the can in liters. We can convert the volume in fluid oz. to liters using the conversion factor 1 fluid oz.
= 0.0295735 L:
= (12.0 fluid oz.) x (0.0295735 L/fluid oz.)
= 0.354882 L
Finally, we can use the formula for molarity (moles of solute / liters of solution) to find the molarity of sucrose in the Coke:
= molarity
= (0.114 mol) / (0.354882 L)
= 0.32 mol/L
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Will someone please help me with these physics questions.
Now assume that all of the potential energy went into kinetic right as it is about to hit the bottom. What would be the value for the kinetic energy? a. less
b. same
c. more
d. not information
The potential energy will go into kinetic right as it is about to hit the bottom. Then, the value will be the b) same for the kinetic energy.
When an object falls, its potential energy decreases, and its kinetic energy increases. A decrease in the potential energy is exactly the same as an increase in the kinetic energy. According to the law of conservation of energy, just before the lamp stops, the potential energy at the top of the lamp and the kinetic energy at the bottom must be equal. At the foot of the hill, the potential energy is zero and the final energy is all kinetic energy. We can equate these two values according to the law of conservation of energy. Adding the kinetic energy and the potential energy gives a constant (KE+PE=constant).
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Given that 1 kWh = 3. 6 MJ and that 1 Btu = 1055 J, show that 1 kWh = 3412 Btu.
Given that 1 kWh = 3. 6 MJ and that 1 Btu = 1055 J, It is shown that 1 kWh = 3412 Btu.
1 kilowatt (kWh) = 3.6 mega Joules (MJ)
1 British thermal unit (Btu) = 1055 Joules (J)
As we know that:
1 MJ = 1000000 J
Since
1 kWh = 3.6 x 1000000 J
Calculate for 1 J
1 J = 1 ÷ 1055 Btu
1 kWh = 3.6 x 1000000 x (1 ÷ 1055) Btu
1 kWh = 3412.32 Btu
So it is calculated that 1 kilowatt (kWh) is equal to 3412 British thermal units (Btu).
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what are the two quantities in this module for which we will develop unit factors to do dimensional analysis with chemical substances?
Mass (often measured in grams) & volume are the two characteristics in this module through which we will create unit components to do statistical approach using different chemicals .
What exactly is a chemical substance?Chemical substances come in three different forms: elements, compounds, and mixtures. Elements are basically chemicals that don't contain any other substances. In this sense, elements are the fundamental constituents of chemical composition.
How should chemicals be categorized?The component can be an isotope or a combination if it is pure. If a substance can be divided into its component elements, it is a compound. If a substance is not chemically pure, it is either a heterogeneous mixture or even a heterogeneous mixture. If the composition remains the same throughout, the combination is homogeneous.
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How many moles of hydrogen (H2) are required to completely reduce 1 mole of cis-2,3,3- trimethylhepta-1,5-diene
2 moles of hydrogen (H2) are required to completely reduce 1 mole of cis-2,3,3- trimethylhepta-1,5-diene (C11H16).
What is moles?Moles, in chemistry, is a unit of measurement used to express the amount of a substance. It is equal to 6.022 x 1023 atoms, molecules, ions, or other particles. In other words, a mole contains an exact number of particles, which is known as Avogadro's number. The mole is a convenient way to measure and compare large amounts of a substance. It is also used to measure the amount of energy released or absorbed in a chemical reaction.
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what is the total random kinetic energy of all the molecules in one mole of hydrogen at a temperature of 300k
The total random kinetic energy of all the molecules in one mole of hydrogen at a temperature of 300k is 3741.3 J.
Given temperature (T) = 300K
The number of moles of hydrogen given are (n) = 1
Molecular weight of hydrogen (M) = 1g
Let the kinetic energy = KE
We know that Kinetic Energy (KE) = 1.5nRT where R = Rydbergs constant
So, KE (total) = 1.5nRT,
the total random kinetic energy is KE = (1.5) x (1) x (8.314) x (300) = 3741.3J/mol
The energy of motion is known as kinetic energy, and it can be observed in the motion of objects or subatomic particles. Examples of kinetic energy in action include a person walking, a baseball soaring through the air, a piece of food falling from a table, and a charged particle in an electric field.
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In the lab, chemist analyzed a sample of methanol and found that it was made of 6. 20 g of carbon, 4. 10 g of hydrogen, and 15. 90 g of oxygen. What is the percent composition of each element? Round each answer to the tenths place
The percentage composition of carbon is 19.37% and percentage of oxygen is 49.68% and percentage composition of hydrogen is 12.8%.
According to question,
6.20g of carbon, 4.10g of hydrogen and 15.90g of oxygen is present in total sample of methanol.
Total mass of methanol is=mass of carbon x 1+ mass of oxygen x 1+mass of hydrogen x 4
Total mass= 12x1+16x1+1x4
Total mass=32g
Now, to find the percentage composition of each element use the total mass and given mass of element.
The ratio of the amounts of each element to the sum of the individual element amounts present in the compound, multiplied by 100, is the definition of the percentage composition of a given compound. In this instance, the quantity is expressed in gram of the constituent ingredients.
Percentage composition[tex]=\frac{mass of an element}{total mass}*100[/tex]
Percentage composition of carbon=[tex]\frac{6.20}{32} *100[/tex]
On solving we get,
Percentage composition of carbon=19.37%
Percentage composition of oxygen=[tex]\frac{15.90}{32}*100[/tex]
On solving we get,
Percentage composition of oxygen=49.68%
Percentage composition of hydrogen=[tex]\frac{4.10}{32}*100[/tex]
On solving we get,
Percentage composition of hydrogen=12.8%
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True or false chemical potential energy is energy stored in a substance because of its composition 
Answer: yes
Explanation:
Chemical potential energy is energy stored in a substance because of its composition.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Chemical Potential Energy Energy is the capacity for doing work or supplying heat. When you fill your car with gasoline, you are providing it with potential energy. Chemical potential energy is the energy stored in the chemical bonds of a substance.
The molar mass of CCl4 is 153. 81 g/mol How many grams of CCl4 are needed to have 5. 000 mol?
The molar mass of CCl4 is 153. 81 g/mol. '769.0 g' of CCl4 are needed to have 5.000 mol.
What is molar mass?
Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance. It is usually expressed in grams per mole (g/mol). The molar mass of a substance is calculated by taking the sum of the atomic weights of all of the atoms in the molecule multiplied by the Avogadro constant (6.022x10^23).
To find the number of grams of CCl4 needed to have 5.000 mol, use the formula:
Mass (grams) = Molar mass (g/mol) x Number of moles
Mass (grams) = 153.81 g/mol x 5.000 mol
Mass (grams) = 769.0 g.
'769.0 g' of CCl4 are needed to have 5.000 mol.
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9. Convert 17.92 L of CO to grams:
C- 12.011
0-15.999
Answer in FOUR Sig Figs with Units
Answer:
its correct answer is 22.4 grams
absorbance is directly proportional to ___________________________.
The concentration which determines how much radiation is absorbed, increases together with the absorbance.
One factor that influences a sample's absorbance is concentration (c). It would be reasonable to suppose that more radiation will be absorbed as the concentration rises, raising the absorbance. As a result, the relationship between concentration and absorbance is straightforward.
Another component is the path length (b). The absorbance rises as the length of the radiation beam and the number of molecules in its path do as well. As a result, the concentration is inversely related to the distance traveled. As you are undoubtedly already aware from earlier experiences, a particular chemical species absorbs some wavelengths of radiation but not others.
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The complete question as follows
Why is absorbance directly proportional to concentration?
Hypothesize as to why Seaborg removed the actinide and lanthanide series elements and placed them into their own block!
how many chlorine atoms are in 0.650 mol of ca(clo4)2?
Chlorine atoms that are present in 0.650 mol of ca(clo4)2 is : 7.83 *10^23.
What is meant by molar mass?Mass in grams of 1 mole of the substance is called the molar mass of a substance. We can obtain a substance's molar mass by summing the molar masses of its component atoms. We can use the calculated molar mass to convert between mass and number of moles of a substance.
As we know, one mole of any atom is equivalent to the Avogadro's number or 6.02 x 10²³ particles.
0.650 * 6.023 * 10^23 * 2
= 7.83 *10^23 chlorine atoms.
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Do the same enthalpy calculation for the products of the reaction, CO2+2H2O. Carefully count how many of each bound there is, and consider whether bonds are single or double bonds. Show work!!!!!! and list the totalbond enthalpy of the products.
The enthalpy of the reaction from the bond energy is +102 kJ/mol. Option C
What is the enthalpy of the reaction?We have to note that the enthalpy would have to do with the energy that ahs been absorbed or the energy that is released in a reaction. We know that if there is a release of energy then we can say that the reaction is exothermic but if we have a case where the energy has been taken in then we can say that the reaction in that case can be said to be exothermic.
We can see that the enthalpy of the reaction can be calculated on the basis of the bond energy when we write;
Energy of bonds that are broken - Energy of bonds that are formed.
[4(410) + 2(496)] - [2(805) + 2(460)]
(1640 + 992) - (1610 + 920)
2632 - 2530
= +102 kJ/mol
Hence, by calculation of the enthalpy bof the reaction, we can see that the reaction would absorb about 102 kJ of heat per mole of the reactant as shown.
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