Problem 2. (Hold the mayo!) Coronary arteries are responsible for supplying oxygenated blood to heart muscle. Coronary heart disease is caused by the arteriosclerosis (the deposition of plaque along the arterial walls). One common response by the body to coronary arteriosclerosis is to increase the blood pressure which can cause damage to the body's organs if too high. We will analyze the scenario of constriction of an artery where damping effects cannot be ignored. A. The radius of a typical open artery is 1.5 mm. What is the radius of an artery that is 33% occluded? (33% of the cross-sectional area is taken up by plaque.) Give your answer in mm. B. Calculate the magnitude of the pressure difference along 4 cm of the open artery given that the viscosity of blood is 3 x 10-3 Pa.s and blood flow in the coronary artery is 4.17 m /s in units of Pa. C. Assuming that the pressure difference across the artery remains the same between the occluded and open artery, calculate the ratio of current flow (Q) in the 33% occluded vs the open artery D. The body attempts to compensate with reduced flow in part by increasing the blood pressure. How much would the pressure difference across the artery (AP) have to increase in the 33% occluded artery to have the volume of blood flow (Q) equal to that in the open artery?

Answers

Answer 1

A. To determine the radius of an artery that is 33% occluded, we need to find the new radius considering that 33% of the cross-sectional area is occupied by plaque.

Let the original radius of the open artery be R. The area of the open artery is given by A = πR^2.

The cross-sectional area occupied by plaque is 33% of the total area, so the remaining area for blood flow is 67% of the total area.

Therefore, the new radius (r) of the occluded artery can be calculated using the equation:

A_new = πr^2 = 0.67πR^2

Simplifying the equation, we find:

r^2 = 0.67R^2

r = √(0.67R^2)

Plugging in the given radius of the open artery (R = 1.5 mm), we can calculate the radius of the occluded artery (r).

r = √(0.67 * 1.5^2) ≈ 1.14 mm

Therefore, the radius of the artery that is 33% occluded is approximately 1.14 mm.

B. To calculate the magnitude of the pressure difference along 4 cm of the open artery, we can use the Hagen-Poiseuille equation, which relates the pressure difference (ΔP) to the flow rate (Q), viscosity (η), and dimensions of the vessel.

ΔP = (8ηLQ) / (πr^4)

Given:

Length of the artery (L) = 4 cm = 0.04 m

Viscosity of blood (η) = 3 x 10^-3 Pa.s

Blood flow rate (Q) = 4.17 m/s

Plugging in the values into the equation, we get:

ΔP = (8 * 3 x 10^-3 * 0.04 * 4.17) / (π * (1.5 x 10^-3)^4)

Calculating the expression, we find:

ΔP ≈ 2.00 x 10^6 Pa (or 2.00 MPa)

Therefore, the magnitude of the pressure difference along 4 cm of the open artery is approximately 2.00 MPa.

C. Assuming the pressure difference across the artery remains the same between the occluded and open artery, we can use the flow rate equation derived from the Hagen-Poiseuille equation to calculate the ratio of current flow (Q) in the 33% occluded artery to the open artery.

For an occluded artery, the radius is given as r = 1.14 mm, and for the open artery, the radius

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Related Questions

Are the members of the third generation still carriers/affected by the trait? How many
percent are affected by the trait?​

Answers

Answer:

When a genetic disorder is diagnosed in a family, family members often want to know the likelihood that they or their children will develop the condition. This can be difficult to predict in some cases because many factors influence a person's chances of developing a genetic condition. One important factor is how the condition is inherited. For example:

Autosomal dominant inheritance: A person affected by an autosomal dominant disorder has a 50 percent chance of passing the mutated gene to each child. The chance that a child will not inherit the mutated gene is also 50 percent. However, in some cases an autosomal dominant disorder results from a new (de novo) mutation that occurs during the formation of egg or sperm cells or early in embryonic development. In these cases, the child's parents are unaffected, but the child may pass on the condition to his or her own children.

would you expect a plant to produce more oxygen on a cloudy day or a sunny day? explain

Answers

Answer:

You would expect a plant to produce more oxygen on a sunny day because there are more sun rays available to plants so photosynthesis is easier to maintain, as well as oxygen production.

How are the functions of the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus related? A. Golgi apparatus receives proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to vacuoles. B. The nucleus directs the cell's activity, including any transfer of material between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. C. Proteins and other substances made in the endoplasmic reticulum are stored, packaged, and distributed by the Golgi apparatus. D. In order to function, both plant and animal cells require an endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.

Answers

Answer:

Proteins and other substances made in the endoplasmic reticulum are stored, packaged, and distributed by the Golgi apparatus

Question 21(Multiple Choice Worth 4 pollies)
[0.04H]Nick made the chart below to show the future impact of four energy production technologies on the environment.
Tidal Power
Name of
energy
production
technology
Wave power
Current power
Ocean thermal
Energy
Impact on
environment
Emission of
greenhouse
gases into the
atmosphere
Decrease in Destruction of
the number animal habitats
of migratory because of change
birds
in coastline
Increase in fish
population because
of decrease in
current strength
For which of these energy production technologies did Nick write correct future impacts on the environment?
O ocean thermal energy and wave power
O wave power and tidal power
O tidal power and current power
O current power and ocean thermal energy

Answers

Answer:

I don't unerstand the question

Explanation:

I think it's B

Answer:

Tidal power and current power

Explanation:

First, we can determine that A and B are obvoiusly wrong. Ocean thermal energy produces zero carbon emissions, as most forms of hydroelectric power do. Secondly, wave energy might affect aquatic life, but it wouldn't affect the migration of birds. After reviewing the 3rd and 4th answers, they do look reasonable. Therefore, your answer is tidal power and current power.

HELPPPPP ASAPPPPP!!!!!!

Answers

Hiii it’s B I know this cuz I took astronomy

II. Which animal is the top predator in many wetlands?
A. Raccoons
B. Alligators
C. Snakes
D Owls

Answers

Answer:

b. n kkhghiuttyytrftghjiutew

What happens to the 6 carbon atoms in carbon dioxide during photosynthesis?

Answers

Answer:

Both plants and animals use this molecule to create energy, making it essential to life on Earth. ... To create one molecule of glucose, the plant needs to absorb six molecules of carbon dioxide and six molecules of water. This leaves six oxygen atoms free, which are released as waste.

Our biggest loser went from 403lbs to 288lbs. He lost a total of 215lbs. Explain what happened to the 215lbs. Be sure to discuss what he did, the process(es) that took place, the type of matter he lost, and the type of matter he lost it as.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Weight on a human body is mainly stored as muscle or fat. When we exercise we don't necessarily lose fat. Instead, the fat cells tend to shrink in size but remain the same amount. Fat is converted into energy which the body uses to function. This energy is expelled from the body in many different forms such as carbon dioxide and sweating. Therefore those are the matter that the individual in question lost when losing the 215lbs

__________ is the principle of dealing with environmental problems without discriminating against people based upon socioeconomic status, race, or ethnicity.
A)
Industrial ecology
B)
Sustainable development
C)
Materials management
D)
Environmental justice
E)
Monitoring

Answers

Answer: The correct option is D.

Environmental justice

Explanation:

This is because environmental justice is the unbiased treatment of people or non discrimination of people of different color, race, ethinc group, status, income with respect to the development of the environment by implementing different environmental laws, polices, regulations e.t.c for the safety of all.

Mitosis results in _______ cells and meiosis results in _______ cells. The term that applies to the cells produced in mitosis is __________, because they contain all of the chromosomes, while the term given to cells produced in meiosis is __________ because they only have half of the original chromosome number.

Answers

Answer:

1 in two daughter

2 in four daughter

3Diploid

4haploid

7. In a heterozygous person, which allele will actually be expressed (seen) in the phenotype? O dominant O recessive O both​

Answers

Answer:

both... I think... Is there more context?

Explanation:

Hope this helped! Good luck! :)

In the ocean near Antarctica, small crustaceans called krill eat algae and other phytoplankton. Krill are eaten by
many animals in the ocean, including blue whales, penguins, and fish such as herring.
Based on this information, which food web correctly shows the flow of energy in this ecosystem?

Answers

Answer: C

Explanation:

The arrows are suppost to be pointing up

The correct food web shows the arrows pointing down; option A.

What is a food web?

A food web is an interconnected number of food chains showing how organisms depend on each other for food.

Since the krill depends on algae and phytoplankton for food, the arrows will point down.

And since other organisms like penguin and blue whales depend on the krill for food, the arrows will point down towards the krill.

Therefore, the correct food web is option A.The

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Which diagram shows photosynthesis with the correct reactants and products?

answer:
B

explain:
i did the test:))

Answers

Answer:c

Explanation:

Why do cells need to transport molecules?

Answers

Answer:

its the cell membrane  

Explanation:

heres gogle support but i also did this in class

What type of materials need to be transported out of the cell?

Water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen are among the few simple molecules that can cross the cell membrane by diffusion (or a type of diffusion known as osmosis ). Diffusion is one principle method of movement of substances within cells, as well as the method for essential small molecules to cross the cell membrane.

Answer:

porque le permite expulsar de su interior los desechos del metabolismo, también el movimiento de sustancias que sintetiza como hormonas.

Explanation:

Plants draw water out of the ground and release water vapor into the atmosphere.
What is this process known as?
Precipitation

Evaporation

Transpiration

Condensation​

Answers

The answer is transpiration

Answer:

D: Condensation​

Explanation:

What does a Euglena require to exhibit phototactic behavior?

A.
a contractile vacuole

B.
cilia

C.
an eyespot

D.
a pseudopod

Answers

Answer:

C

Explanation:

Phototaxis (phototactic response) is the cellular behavior in which cells swim toward or away from the light source. The euglena have eyespots that detect light so that it can move toward sunlight for photosynthesis.

Euglena require an eyespot  to exhibit phototactic behavior. Thus option C is correct.

what is phototaxis ?

Phototaxis is defined as the movement of an organism in response to external stimulus  that means light, it is a locomotory movement of living organisms towards the source of light or away from the source of light.

Taxis means the  movement of an organism in response to a stimulus like light or  food, it is an innate response of an organism to variation in light intensity and direction.

More is the intensity of light in a particular direction the more will be phototactic stimulation occurs in the organism, its own biological reason and phototactic response are incidental and serve no end purpose.

The advantages of phototaxis are the regulation photosynthesis, the finding of food in phototrophic organisms, facilitation of larval dispersal, or the increased likelihood of gamete fusion on the surface.

Thus option C is correct.

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is ecosystem generally stable; how is that possible?

Answers

Answer:

Citation: Cleland, E. E. (2011) Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stability. ... traits, and species that share similar suites of traits are often categorized together into ... Biologically diverse communities are also more likely to contain species that confer

Explanation:

The developement of fruit without pollination, resulting in seedless fruit is called __________.
A)
genetic engineering
B)
parthenocarpy
C)
biomagnification
D)
epiphysis
E)
browsing

Answers

Answer:

B) parthenocarpy

Explanation:

Parthenocarpy is the development of fruit without fertilization of seeds. Another biological mechanism stenospermacarpy also produces seedless fruits, but here the seeds are aborted while they are still small. Some plants require pollination or stimulation for parthenocarpy.

:)

The answer to this question is b

What brain region is responsible for coordinating and refining movement?
The diencephalon
The cerebrum
The brain stem
The cerebellum

Answers

Answer:

The cerebellum

Explanation:

Answer:

I hope this helps.

Explanation:

how are organisms impacted by the changing landscape

Answers

Any change in the climate of an area can affect the plants and animals living there as well the makeup of the entire ecosystem

Answer:

Animals can be impacted in a variety of ways, one example being that humans continue to expand their territory they are taking homes and resources to organisms that inhabit that land, this can lead to population decreases as the organism will be forced into a new environment that they are not adapted to.

Can someone help me understand interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

Answers

Answer:

They are all stages of mitosis, which is cell division (for new cells for repair and growth)

interphase- the longest stage of the process. The DNA in the chromosomes copies itself, ready to split for mitosis. ALL 23 pairs copies itself so now there is 46 pairs of chromosomes (23 for each new cell).

prophase- The DNA in the chromosomes are more visible now, and the membrane around the nucleus disappears ready for the next stage

metaphase- Chromosomes and their copies line up in the middle of the cell, so that they could be pulled apart in the next stage

anaphase- Spindle fibres attach themselves to either end of the chromosome. They are then pulled apart to either ends of the cell. 23 on one side, 23 on another.

telophase- membranes form around the 23 pairs of chromosomes at their end of the cell. Two new daughter cells are produced. The cell membrane pinches in and divides the cells in two.

Explanation:

Hope this helps!

contact me if you still need more help!

The special job an organism plays in it's ecosystem is it's __________.

biome

population

niche

biodiversity

Answers

The answer would be niche.

Answer:

niche

Explanation:

mostly out of deductive reasoning as to how each word fits into the sentence while still having the sentence make sense, but also, a "niche" in whatever use you're applying it toward is literally defined as a specialty.

How do you think the organisms interact with each other?

Answers

Life form that should eat or burn-through different creatures to get energy and supplements. Investigation of how living creatures connect with one another and with their current circumstance. The entirety of the living things and non-living things cooperating in a similar region. Natural or ecological territory where a specific animal categories reside.

Answer:

There are four main types of species interactions that occur between organisms in an ecosystem: Predation, parasitism and herbivory - In these interactions, one organism benefits while the other is negatively affected. * Competition - Both organisms are negatively affected in some way due to their interactions. Individual organisms live together in an ecosystem and depend on one another. Some organisms can make their own food, and other organisms have to get their food by eating other organisms. An organism that must obtain their nutrients by eating (consuming) other organisms is called a consumer, or a heterotroph.

I hoped this helped you out some~ <3

-Dream

Welp: That moment I knew I didn't pay attention when I should have

Answers

Answer:

a series circuit has a 2 Ω (ohm) resistor, a 5 Ω resistor, and a 7 Ω resistor. The total resistance of the circuit is 2 + 5 + 7 = 14 Ω.

Explanation:

Not very good for you

Answer:

lol

Explanation:

Yeah you need to start paying attention in class

how are indicator species used to assess pollution levels in the environment?

Answers

Answer:

By monitoring changes in the population of a specific indicator species, scientists may draw conclusions about changes in a specific pollutant's levels. In addition, this method of pollution measurement demonstrates the impact of pollution on vulnerable species.

Explanation:

please answer this urgent ​

Answers

Answer:

i think its a turnip because of its appearance

i believe this is a radish it looks completely similar to one

How can homologous structures be used as evidence for shared common ancestry?

Answers

Homologous structures are structures that are similar in related organisms because they were inherited from a common ancestor. These structures may or may not have the same function in the descendants. They all have the same basic pattern of bones. They inherited this pattern from a common ancestor. However, their forelimbs now have different functions

PLZ HELP!! Which expels solid waste from the body? A. Liver. B. Large intestine. C. Pancreas. D. Anus

Answers

Answer:

anus LKEJKEGWHRJK

Explanation:

Answer:

I think it is D) Anus

Explanation:

Solid waste leaves the body through the anus

Hope that helps

what is the difference between the calorie (lowercase c) and the Calorie (capital C)

Answers

calorie (with a lowercase “c”) is the energy needed to increase the temperature of water by one degree Celsius.

Calorie (uppercase “c”) is the equivalent to a kilocalorie (or 1000 calories)

Which explanation best identifies the relationship between mitosis and
reproduction? *

A.Mitosis is a form of sexual reproduction because the daughter cells form from one
single parent cell.
B.Mitosis is a form of sexual reproduction because the daughter cells are genetically
different from the parent cell.
C.Mitosis is a form of asexual reproduction because the daughter cells form a new
nuclear membrane after reproduction.
D.Mitosis is a form of asexual reproduction because the daughter cells are genetically
identical to the parent cell.

Answers

Answer:

D.

Explanation:

Mitosis three main functions are growth and repair of cells, and asexual reproduction for the single celled organisms.

The daughter cells have same chromosomes/genetics.  

Example:  repair and growth of skin, red blood cells etc.

Answer:

It's D

Explanation:

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