Rank: 1 < 2 < 3 < 4. The reactivity is determined by the electron-withdrawing or donating substituents on the diene.
The ranking of dienes in a Diels-Alder reaction is based on the electron-withdrawing or donating substituents on the diene. Dienes with electron-withdrawing substituents such as nitro groups are less reactive due to the increased electron density on the dienophile, which hinders the formation of the cyclic transition state.
Thus, the diene with a nitro group is ranked as 1. Dienes with no substituents, or electron-donating groups such as alkyl or methoxy groups, are more reactive because they increase the electron density on the diene, making it more nucleophilic and thus, more reactive towards the dienophile.
Therefore, dienes with alkyl or methoxy substituents are ranked as 4. Dienes with intermediate reactivity have either one electron-withdrawing and one electron-donating substituent or two electron-donating substituents.
They are ranked in the order of increasing electron-withdrawing strength of the substituent. Thus, dienes with one alkyl and one methoxy group are ranked as 2 and those with two alkyl groups are ranked as 3.
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The order is 1,3-cyclohexadiene, 1,4-cyclohexadiene, 1,3-butadiene, 1,3,5-hexatriene. The order of increasing reactivity in Diels-Alder reaction is 1 > 2 > 3 > 4.
1,3-cyclohexadiene is the least reactive diene because it has a cis conformation that causes steric hindrance between the two hydrogens on the same side of the molecule.
The steric hindrance makes it more difficult for the diene to approach the dienophile, leading to lower reactivity.
1,4-cyclohexadiene is slightly more reactive than 1,3-cyclohexadiene because it has a trans conformation that reduces the steric hindrance between the hydrogens on the diene.
1,3-butadiene is more reactive than the cyclohexadienes because it lacks the steric hindrance caused by the cyclic structure. The linear structure of the molecule allows for easier approach to the dienophile.
1,3,5-hexatriene is the most reactive diene because it has three conjugated double bonds, which increases the electron density in the molecule and makes it more susceptible to nucleophilic attack by the dienophile.
The presence of three double bonds in the diene results in more delocalization of the electrons, and therefore, it is more reactive.
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What is (1.20 x 104 m) x (3.070 x 102m)
The number of......... in an atom is the difference between the mass number and the atomic number
A-Electrons
B-Neutrons
C-Protons
Answer: While the mass number is the sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom, the atomic number is only the number of protons. The atomic number is the value found associated with an element on the periodic table because it is the key to the element's identity.
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BRAINLIEST Give examples of at least three critical questions of society that science can help answer.
Answer:
1. How did life begin?
2. Are we alone in the universe?
3. What makes us human?
Why is 1/t used as a measure of rate of reaction?
1/t denotes that the reaction order is of the first order. That is, the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. Because scientists use standard units, 1/t equals one divided by one second.
What do you mean by first order reaction ?The term first order reaction is defined as a chemical reaction in which the reaction rate is linearly dependent on the concentration of only one reactant.
In other words, a first-order reaction is a chemical reaction in which the rate varies as the concentration of only one of the reactants changes.
Because a reaction that takes longer to complete is obviously a slower reaction. A fast reaction is one that takes less time to complete. 1/t simply provides a quantitative value for comparing reaction rates.
Thus, 1/t denotes that the reaction order is of the first order.
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There are three main parts to any dissolution which result in an energy change, either endothermic or exothermic. Consider the dissolution of sodium chloride and explain what each of these three major energy changes are.
Answer:
The dissolution of sodium chloride involves three steps. During the process energy changes occur in:
1. breaking apart the hydrogen bonds between water molecules,
2. breaking apart the electrostatic bonds between sodium and chloride ions, and
3. when bonds are formed between water molecules and aqueous ions in solution.
Since the energy used to break apart the hydrogen bonds between water molecules and the energy used to break apart the electrostatic bonds between sodium and chloride ions, is greater than the energy released when bonds are formed between water molecules and aqueous ions in solution, the dissolution of sodium chloride is endothermic.
Explanation:
The heat of solution or enthalpy of solution/dissolution, is the enthalpy change that occurs with the dissolution of a solute in a solvent at constant pressure, resulting in infinite dilution. Its unit is kJ/mol for reactions taking place under standard conditions (298.15 K and 1 atm).
The process of dissolution occurs in three energy-dependent steps:
1. The breaking of bonds within the solute. For example, electrostatic forces of attraction between two oppositely-charged ions. This process is endothermic.
2. The endothermic process of breaking of intermolecular forces within the solvent, e.g. hydrogen bonds in water.
3. The exothermic process of the formation of new solute-solvent bonds in solution.
The sum of the energies involved in these three steps gives the enthalpy of dissolution of a solute. The overall process of dissolution can either endothermic or exothermic depending on the amount of energy used or released in breaking and making bonds. If more energy is released in making than is used in breaking bonds, it is exothermic. However, if more energy is used in breaking bonds than is released in making bonds, dissolution is then endothermic.
For example, considering the dissolution of sodium chloride. During the process the energy used to break apart the hydrogen bonds between water molecules and the energy used to break apart the electrostatic bonds between sodium and chloride ions, is greater than the energy released when bonds are formed between water molecules and aqueous ions in solution. Therefore, the dissolution of sodium chloride is endothermic.
What is the approximate volume of 280 g of chlorine gas (Cl2) at STP
78 L Cl₂
General Formulas and Concepts:Math
Pre-Algebra
Order of Operations: BPEMDAS
BracketsParenthesisExponentsMultiplicationDivisionAdditionSubtractionLeft to RightChemistry
Atomic Structure
Reading a Periodic TableSTP (Standard Conditions for Temperature and Pressure) = 22.4 L per mole at 1 atm, 273 KStoichiometry
Using Dimensional AnalysisExplanation:Step 1: Define
280 g Cl₂
Step 2: Identify Conversions
[PT] Molar Mass of Cl - 35.45 g/mol
Molar Mass of Cl₂ - 2(35.45) = 70.90 g/mol
[STP] 1 mol = 22.4 L
Step 3: Convert
[DA] Set up: [tex]\displaystyle 280 \ g \ Cl_2(\frac{1 \ mol \ Cl_2}{79.90 \ g \ Cl_2})(\frac{22.4 \ L \ Cl_2}{1 \ mol \ Cl_2})[/tex][DA] Multiply/Divide [Cancel out units]: [tex]\displaystyle 78.4981 \ L \ Cl_2[/tex]Step 4: Check
Follow sig fig rules and round. We are given 2 sig figs.
78.4981 L Cl₂ ≈ 78 L Cl₂
How is a gamete different from other types of cells in a person's body?
HELP ASAP GIVING BRAINLIEST FIVE STARS AND HEART!
Answer with at least 5 sentences in your own words:
What are two properties of electromagnetic radiation?
Answer: In empty space, electromagnetic radiation will fly. Some kind of material must pass across most other forms of waves. In order to be heard, for instance, sound waves require either a gas, solid, or liquid to travel through.
The solubility of substance (Z) is 40g/100ml of water at 25°C. A)Can you
make a saturated solution if you add 120 g. of (Z) to 450ml of water at
25°C?
-
can anyone help me?!!!??!?!
Answer:
No, It would be a unsaturated solution
Explanation:
The solubility of a compound gives us information about how a compound may dissolve or not in a determinate solvent.
In this case we have Z, which in 25 °C the solubility of this compound is 40g/100 mL water. This means that if we have 60 g of Z and try to dissolve it in 100 mL of water, only 40 g of Z will solve and the remaining 20 g will be in the water as precipitate or remaining solid.
Now if you just put 40 g of Z in 100 mL water, it will dissolve completely in water, and in this case, we have a saturated solution. A saturated solution is when you dissolve a determinated quantity of a solute in a determinated quantity of solvent, without remaining of solid or excess of solvent.
According to this explanation, we now have 120 g of Z. To make a saturated solution of Z with this quantity, well, let's do math. If 40 g dissolves in 100 mL, then 80 g would be 200 mL and 120 g would have to be 300 mL of water. But in this case, we have 450 mL of water, we have more than 300 mL, an excess of water, so, the 120 g will dissolve but it's dissolved in more than the needed quantity to be a saturated solution, therefore, we have an unsaturated solution of Z (more solvent than the needed).
Hope this helps.
Which is the correct number of moles of NO that is produced from 13.2 moles of oxygen
gas, O2?
4NH3 + 502 —> 4N0 + 6H2O
10.6 mol NO
General Formulas and Concepts:Math
Pre-Algebra
Order of Operations: BPEMDAS
Brackets Parenthesis Exponents Multiplication Division Addition Subtraction Left to RightChemistry
Stoichiometry
Using Dimensional AnalysisExplanation:Step 1: Define
[RxN - Balanced] 4NH₃ + 5O₂ → 4NO + 6H₂O
[Given] 13.2 mol O₂
Step 2: Identify Conversions
[RxN] 5 mol O₂ → 4 mol NO
Step 3: Stoich
[DA] Set up: [tex]\displaystyle 13.2 \ mol \ O_2(\frac{4 \ mol \ NO}{5 \ mol \ O_2})[/tex][DA] Multiply/Divide [Cancel out units]: [tex]\displaystyle 10.56 \ mol \ NO[/tex]Step 4: Check
Follow sig fig rules and round. We are given 3 sig figs.
10.56 mol NO ≈ 10.6 mol NO
An Advil® cold and sinus capsule has a volume of 210. Mm3. How many microliters (µL) of the drug are needed to fill the capsule? ( 1 L = 106 µL)
Answer:
210 microliters of drug are needed to fill the capsule
Explanation:
As given in the question
1 liter is equal to [tex]10^6[/tex] micro liters
Volume of Capsule [tex]= 210[/tex] cubic millimeter
1 cubic millimeter [tex]= 10^{-3}[/tex] cubic meter
1 cubic meter [tex]= 10^3[/tex] liters
1 micro liter [tex]= 10^{-6}[/tex] micro liters
Converting [tex]210[/tex] cubic millimeter to micro liter
[tex]= 210 * (10^{-3})^3 * 10^3 \\= 210 * 10^{-6}\\= 210[/tex]micro liters
When silver nitrate (AgNO3) dissolves in water, the temperature of the solution decreases.
Explain your answer
Answer:
The enthalpy of solution for AgNO3 is positive because the temperature of the solution decreases (the dissolution is endothermic). Hsol = Hsolute + Hsolvent + HmixHsolute and Hsolvent are endothermic because energy is required to overcome intermolecular forces and separate solute and solvent particles.
Answer:
the enthalpy of solution for agno3 is positive because the temperature of the solution decreases. (the dissolution is endothermic.)
Delta H sol=delta HSolute +delta H solvent +delta H mix
HSolute and H solvent are endothermic because energy is required to overcome intermolecular forces and separate solute and solvent particles.
H mix is exothermic because energy is released when intermolecular forces form between solute and solvent particles.
if the overall enthalpy of solution is positive, then HSolute + H solvent must be larger in magnitude than H mix.
Explanation:
correct on edge2021
Plssss helppp quick it’s for science and I don’t get it
Which of the following is not an organ in the nervous system?
How many eggs are in 1 mole of eggs?
Answer:
I believe it is Avogadro's number: 6.022 × 10²³
Explanation:
One mole of a substance is equal to 6.022 × 10²³ units of that substance
How many grams of H,O are needed to produce 13 g of NaOH? 2 Na,O2 + 2 H20-4 NaOH + O2
Answer:
This is a typical stoichiometry question.To answer this question you want to get a relationship between
N
a
2
O and NaOH.
So you can get a relationship between the moles of
N
a
2
O
and moles of NaOH by the concept of stoichiometry.
N
a
2
O +
H
2
O ----------------> 2 NaOH.
According to above balanced equation we can have the stoichiometry relationship between
N
a
2
O and NaOH. as 1:2
It means 1 moles of
N
a
2
O is required to react with one mol of
H
2
O to produce 2 moles of NaOH.
in terms of mass 1 mole of
N
a
2
O has mass 62 g on reaction with water produces 2 moles of NaOH or 80 g of NaOH.
62 g of
N
a
2
O produces 80 g of NaOH.
1g of NaOH is produced from 62/80 g of
N
a
2
O
1.6 x
10
2
g of NaOH will require 62 x 1.6 x
10
2
g / 80 of
N
a
2
O
124g of
N
a
2
O.
Explanation:
Which of the following is true about daughter cells?
A
They are genetically identical.
B
They each have their own nucleus.
C
They will most likely undergo mitosis.
D
all of the above
d. all of the above
AnswerD:
Explanation:
please help me!! (brainliest)
Answer:
ok
Explanation:
Match each term to its description. Match Term Definition Excess reactant A) Amount of product predicted to be produced by the given reactants Limiting reactant B) Reactant that can produce more of the product Theoretical yield C) Reactant that can produce a lesser amount of the product
Answer:
Excess reactant - Reactant that can produce more of the product
Limiting reactant - Reactant that can produce a lesser amount of the product
Theoretical yield - Amount of product predicted to be produced by the given reactants
Explanation:
In every chemical reaction, there is a limiting reactant and there is an excess reactant.
The limiting reactant determines the amount of product obtained. It is the reactant that produces a lesser amount of the product.
The excess reactant is known to be the reactant that produces a greater amount of the product.
The theoretical yield is calculated using the limiting reactant and is the amount of product predicted to be produced by the given reactants.
Which type of organism is responsible for performing the majority of nitrogen fixation?
Answer:
B. bacteria
Explanation:
they are responsible for the fixation of nitrogen
Answer:
the answer is B bacteria
20 mL of NaOH solution was added to the conical flask. Indicator was added & titrated with 0.1 M HCl solution. The HCl used in the titration was read as 18.3 mL. What is the molar concentration of NaOH?
Answer:
[NaOH] = 0.1 Molar ... Note => the brackets around formula;i.e., "[ ]" is generally accepted in the chemistry community as concentration in Molar terms.
Explanation:
The metathesis rxn, or double replacement rxn, equation is:
(Molarity x Volume) of acid = (Molarity x Volume) of base, or
(M·V)acid = (M·V)base => M(base) = M·V(acid)/V(base)
= 0.1M × 18.3ml / 20ml = 0.0915M(base) = 0.1M (1 sig-fig) = [NaOH]
what is the formula for the compound potassium chloride?
Answer:
KCl
Explanation:
hope this is correct and helps i did this last year in chem :)
[tex]\mathrm{KCl}[/tex]
If one of the cars began with 5.6 liters of gasoline and oxygen, how much water and carbon dioxide do you think would be produced from that gasoline and oxygen?
Answer
5.6 L
Explanation:
whatever you start with, you end with the same amount.
(LAW OF CONSERVATION)
The amount of oxygen and gasoline that can be produced is 5.6 liters
The question above is answered with the law of conversation of mass. This law of conversation of mass states that no form of energy can be destroyed, instead it is changed from one form to another type of form.
In this law, it is expected that you end with the same amount you started with. According to the question above, since the amount that you started with is 5.6 liters then you will end with 5.6 liters also.
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Which is one of the Lewis structures for ozone?
000
:0:00
C:6
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Option D is the correct Lewis structure of ozone.
Ozone is known to be an allotrope of oxygen which has three atoms of oxygen.
In the Lewis structure of ozone, one pair of oxygen is actually double-bonded while the other is single-bonded. In this structure, two oxygen atoms carry charges. In the drawing the Lewis structure of ozone, we discover that one oxygen atom of the ozone has a -1 charge and while another oxygen atom of the ozone has a +1 charge.
The specific heat of gold is 0.126 J/gºC. How much energy is released
when a 350 g sample of gold is cooled from 88.5°C to 24.6°C?
Explanation:
Specific heat capacity of gold (S)
= 0.126 J /kg°C
mass (m) = 350 g = 0.35 kg
difference in temperature (dt)
= 88.5°C - 24.6°C
= 63.9° C
Now
Energy released (Q)
= m*s*dt
= 0.35 * 0.126 * 63.9
= 2.81799 Joule
Hope it will help :)
Someone help me please!!!
A. 6 moles
B. 9 moles
C. 3 moles
D. 20 moles
I think please check me, in case I am wrong
BRAINLIST!!
Which of the following describes a process of weathering?
A.
Rocks along the coast are broken up by waves crashing into the shore.
B.
Glaciers carry boulders from mountaintops to low-lying plains.
C.
Mud, silt, sand, and pebbles are carried across the region by running water.
D.
The wind lays down sediment to form small hills called dunes.
Answer:
D or C.
Explanation:
Sorry if its wrong
Answer:
A. Rocks along the coast are broken up by waves crashing into the shore.
Explanation:
The bouncing of a wave off an object is called a what
Answer:
Reflection-energy waves bouncing off the surface of an object
Explanation:
Which energy transformation describes what occurs in a circuit? (select
the BEST answer)
chemical --> electrical --> light
thermal --> chemical --> light
electrical --> thermal --> light
Olight --> thermal --> chemical
Answer:
electrical --> thermal --> light
Explanation:
Answer:
electrical--> thermal--> light
Using the formula :Force × Distance = Work Perfomed , Match the Force × Distance problems with their correct Work Performed answer?